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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Removable partial dentures: the altered-cast technique.

The altered-cast technique, also known as the corrected-cast technique, for distal extension removable partial dentures (RPD), is not routinely utilized by dentists. Although the technique requires an additional step for both the dentist and dental technician, it offers several advantages--maximum stability, minimal stress on abutment teeth, and more predictable occlusion. The following article describes the altered-cast technique, as well as some advantages and disadvantages of the technique. A quick and easy procedure for constructing an altered-cast is also presented.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMed1976

Nursing care of the patient in a cast brace.

To establish realistic outcomes and formulate workable nursing care plans for the patient in a cast brace, the nurse must understand the concept of cast bracing, the patient's response to the injury and previous treatee is often the most persistent problem, and vigilant observations along with supportive care may prevent the skin from breaking down and the patient from becoming discouraged. Since the purpose of cast brace treatment is to hasten healing, maintain knee and hip joint function, and shorten the rehabilitation period, the smooth progression of activity and prevention of problems due to the cast brace are priorities.

Braces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serial casting in idiopathic toe-walkers and children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Serial casting to stretch the plantar-flexors has been advocated for idiopathic toe-walkers (ITW) and children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), although outcomes have not been well studied. Neuromuscular function and gait were examined in eight children with CP (mean age, 7.1 years) and eight ITW (mean age, 7.5 years) casted for 3 to 6 weeks. Baseline comparisons indicated that children with CP produced lower isometric plantar-flexor torques (p<0.02) concomitant with marked co-contraction (p<0.001). greater ankle mobility (p<0.02), and higher reflex excitability (p<0.001) than ITW. After casting, both groups increased dorsiflexion range (p<0.001), decreased resistance to passive stretch (p<0.005), and produced maximal plantar-flexor torques in dorsiflexed positions (p<0.001). Reflex excitability was reduced in CP (p<0.05). Immediately postcasting, no children toe-walked, but two with CP resumed a digitigrade pattern 6 weeks later. Gait velocity and stride length did not change (p>0.05). Serial casting yielded positive outcomes that may be longer lasting in ITW.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of pressure beneath a split above elbow plaster cast.

It has previously been shown that splitting a plaster cast after manipulation of, or surgery on, a limb leads to a decrease in pressure beneath the cast by accommodating the swelling that may occur. However, it is not known whether the axis along which the cast is split influences the amount of swelling that can occur before a critical pressure is reached. We investigated this with reference to above elbow plaster casts.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

Corrosion cast demonstration of choroidal vasculature in normal Wistar Kyoto rat.

No previous attempt has been made so to demonstrate the details of the choroid vascularization in the rat. This paper describes the choroidal vascular pattern of the normal Wistar Kyoto rat using the corrosion cast method. 6-month-old normal Wistar Kyoto rats were used. Vascular casts prepared by our previously described technique were observed with a Hitachi S-2360N scanning electron microscope. Corrosion casts of the entire choroidal vasculature showed that the ophthalmic artery branched into two main ciliary arteries: the nasal and temporal arteries, which extend forward to form the iridociliary circle. Further the inferior ciliary artery arises from the temporal ciliary artery. In the posterior eye segment these arteries form four to seven branches supplying the adjacent choriocapillaris. There are different arrangements of choriocapillaris. The larger veins formed four vortex veins, one in each quadrant, draining blood from the anterior region of the choroid or iris. Venous blood from the central region, peripapillary choroid and sometimes optic nerve head is drained by smaller veins, which run more or less directly into the posterior ciliary veins. In conclusion corrosion casts and SEM can show the details of the choroidal vascular architecture. These three-dimensional (3-D) findings of choroidal vessels of the rat are very useful for the study of choroid vascular abnormalities in various pathological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The effects of the multiple structural layer of Ti-cast on bond of porcelain fused to titanium].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of the multiple structural layer of Ti-cast on the bond of porcelain fused to titanium. METHODS: The interfacial state and bond strength of porcelain-titanium were observed by EPM analysis and a shear test. RESULTS: The results showed cracks were observed in the interface of porcelain-titanium in R1 (the group of multiple structural layer of Ti-cast), but there were no cracks in the interface of porcelain-titanium in R2 (the group of removed multiple structural layer from Ti-cast) and R3 (the group of wrought titanium). The width of elemental diffusion layer of R1, R2 and R3 were 29.03 microns, 6.90 microns and 7.01 microns respectively. The shear bond srength of R1, R2 and R3 were 29.45 MPa, 52.75 MPa and 48.32 MPa respectively. There were significant difference in the width of elemental diffusion layer and shear bond strength between R1 and R2, R3 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This investigation indicates that the multiple structural layer of Ti-cast should be removed before firing of porcelain.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMed2000

[Development of a video system for three-dimensional cephalometry and dental cast analysis].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to introduce the outline of our newly developed video system for three-dimensional cephalometry and dental cast analysis. METHODS: The video measuring technique was utilized in the field of dentistry in our study. Two CCD cameras were used to capture the images both of the dental cast and headfilms. The dental cast analysis and three-dimensional cephalometry shared a set of operating system. The three-dimensional reconstruction was based on the LAT and PA films. RESULTS: The measurement error of dental cast analysis is less than 0.09 mm, and the error of three-dimensional cephalometry is less than 0.45 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application suggests that the use of our system is feasible not only for clinical evaluation of malocclusion but also for saving time necessary for treatment planing and diagnosis.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip before walking: results of closed reduction and immobilization in hip spica cast.

We retrospectively evaluated 200 hips of 129 patients with the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip treated with closed reduction and hip spica cast. There were 153 female and 47 male hips in the group. The mean age of the patients at the time of the reduction were six (range. 2-13) months and mean follow-up was 51 (range: 16-240) months. All the patients were treated with closed reduction and were immobilized in hip spica cast. The mean time of immobilization in the cast was 102 (range: 45-190) days. Avascular necrosis was observed in 15% of the hips. Clinical and radiological end results of the patients were evaluated with modified McKay criteria and Severin classification. Eighty-two percent of the patients had satisfactory results according to modified McKay criteria and 76% of the patients according to Severin classification. The most important parameters affecting the end result were pre-reduction location of the hip, pre-operative acetabular index values and avascular necrosis. Based on the results of this study, treatment of developmental hip dysplasia with closed reduction and hip spica cast is a relatively safe and effective method.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2002

[Microscopic vascular study of the colon with the corrosion casting technique].

The aim of this study is, firstly, to assess the accuracy of vascular casts obtained at various times after death and secondly to describe the mucosal microvascular architecture of the cat colon. Two injections were realized, the first one on a non-embalmed human corpse, 12 days after the death, and the other one on a cat, immediately following euthanasia. Results show that this second cast seems finer and more detailed than the cast stemming from the human corpse; indeed, the finest vessels obtained are about 6 microns while they are about 15 microns on the human corpse. This could be explained by a post-mortem obstruction of microvessels, that prevented the passage of the injected product or by an insufficient amount of product injected. Finally, the vascular cast of the cat colic mucosa presents a regular honeycomb-like network that bounds the colonic mucosal glands, a finding consistent with the results reported previously.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Randomized comparison of CAM walker and light-weight plaster cast in the treatment of first-time Achilles tendon rupture].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare a CAM walker to a traditional cast. We expected the CAM walker to be comparable. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with a first time rupture of the Achilles tendon were randomised to either a cast or a CAM walker. Both groups were immobilised for eight weeks. All patients were examined four and 12 months after the injury. RESULTS: We found five reruptures in 29 patients treated with a cast (17%). No reruptures occurred in 21 patients treated with a CAM walker. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.066). There was no difference in age, sex, patient satisfaction, dominant/non dominant leg, muscle strength, or range of motion. DISCUSSION: The CAM walker is a useful alternative to a cast, with few complications and lower costs. Owing to the risk of type two error (44%), it is possible that we could have found a significant difference in the number of reruptures if the number of patients had been larger.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of second pour casts using dual-arch impressions.

This study compared the accuracy of the second pour of addition silicone impressions made using custom acrylic resin complete-arch trays and two types of dual-arch trays. Thirty impressions were made of a typodont using metal dual-arch, plastic dual-arch and acrylic resin complete-arch custom trays (10 impressions/group). Tooth #30 (first molar) and tooth #32 (third molar) in the typodont were custom metal dies made in the shape of complete crown preparations. On the metal dies were scribed reference marks permitting measurements to be made in the mesial-distal, buccal-lingual and occlusal-gingival dimensions. In addition, an inter-tooth measurement between tooth #30 and #32 was made. Following impression procedures, gypsum casts were poured. The casts were removed from the impression and, 24-hours later, second pours were completed. The distances between reference marks on each cast were measured using a measuring microscope. The measurements from each second pour cast were used to compute a group mean, with values expressed as a percent deviation from the master model. A two way analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. No statistically significant differences were found in accuracy among the three type trays except in the inter-tooth measurement where the metal dual-arch tray was more accurate than the other trays.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

The total-contact cast for management of neuropathic plantar ulceration of the foot.

Seventy-one neuropathic ulcers of the foot in sixty-six patients were treated with the use of a total-contact cast. The ulcers had been present for an average of five months (range, one to twenty-nine months) and were graded according to the Wagner classification; only patients who had grade-I or grade-II lesions were treated with a total-contact cast. The diameter of the ulcer averaged 3.5 centimeters (range, 1.5 to 15.5 centimeters). Sixty-four (90 per cent) of seventy-one ulcers were healed at a mean of five and one-half weeks (range, one to fourteen weeks). A deep infection developed in two patients during treatment. Twenty-two ulcers (31 per cent) recurred within eighteen months after initial healing; nineteen (86 per cent) of them healed after an average of two weeks in a second cast. Recurrent ulceration was usually associated with an underlying fixed deformity or osseous prominence. The total-contact cast provided safe, reliable, and cost-effective treatment for patients who had neuropathic ulcers of the foot.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative accuracy of fixed partial dentures made as one-piece castings or joined by solder.

Four-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated as a one-piece casting or as two-piece castings joined by soldering prior to the addition of porcelain. The accuracy of the two techniques was compared and evaluated using an anatomic cast-metal master model. All procedures, including SEM measurements, were performed directly on the master model. The cast one-piece units had smaller vertical marginal openings than did the soldered units. The rigid nature of the abutments evokes the problems occurring with osseointegrated implants.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis with a spica cast.

Thirteen patients who had seventeen slipped capital femoral epiphyses were managed with a spica cast between 1984 and 1986. The average time in the plaster cast was three months. Complications were noted in fourteen of the hips. Three pressure sores developed in two patients. Further slipping developed in three hips once the cast had been removed, and chondrolysis developed in one of these hips. Chondrolysis developed in eight additional hips, and the lesion was transient in four of them. Degenerative changes developed in all nine hips with chondrolysis, regardless of whether the chondrolysis was transient or permanent. The degenerative changes were Iowa Grade I in three of these hips, Grade II in two hips, and Grade III in four. Chondrolysis developed in six of the eight black patients and in four of the five black boys. Chondrolysis developed in six of the nine hips that had a Grade-II or III slip. These findings have led us to abandon the use of a spica cast as a mode of treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcome of closed reduction and casting in displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus in children.

BACKGROUND: Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children is most common in first decade of life and needs proper management to prevent complications like cubitus varus, elbow stiffness and compartment syndrome. There are various treatment modalities i.e. traction, closed reduction and casting, open reduction and internal fixation and percutaneous pinning. Purpose of the study was to know the outcome of closed reduction and casting in displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus in children while comparing the results with published literature. METHODS: Study was conducted at the Orthopaedics unit of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2002 to December 2002 and 25 patients at random, with age range of 04-12 years with displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus were treated with closed reduction and casting. RESULTS: Based on assessment through Flynn's criteria, results were excellent in 04 patients (16%), good in 11 (44%), fair in 03 (12%) and poor in 07 patients (28%). CONCLUSION: Good results can be obtained in displaced supracondylar fracture Gartland type II of humerus in children with closed reduction and casting while the results with Gartland type III fracture were not satisfactory.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2004

[Marginal adaptation after cementing of gold inlays cast by an experimental procedure. SEM analysis].

AIM: Marginal adaptation is one of the most important factors in dental reconstructions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate with in vivo and in vitro studies the marginal precision and the microstructure of the gold cast inlays. METHODS: For the in vivo analysis 10 patients were selected, while for the in vitro study 10 extracted teeth were used. The impressions were made by polyvinylsiloxane while the master cast was made by gypsum type IV. The inlays were cast in gold (JRVT Jensen) using an experimental procedure. After cementing, the margins of each inlay was burnished. To evaluate the marginal discrepancy of in vivo inlays, the replica technique was used, while for the in vitro analysis the serial slice cut technique was performed. All samples were processed for metallographic analysis using SEM. RESULTS: The measured in vivo inlay marginal gap was 9,06+/-3,37 microns (mean+/-SD), while for in vitro inlay the marginal gap was of 10,47+/-2,09 microns (mean+/-SD). Metallographic analysis showed equiaxial grain of small dimension. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that using the proposed casting technique it is possible to increase marginal adaptation and microstructural properties.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of percutaneous pinning with casting in supracondylar humeral fractures in children.

BACKGROUND: In Children Supracondylar fracture of humerus is one of the most common fractures in first decade of life. There are various treatment modalities for this fracture i.e. Close reduction and casting, open reduction and internal fixation, skeletal traction and Percutaneous Pinning. This study was conducted to know the outcome of Percutaneous Pinning in the management of displaced supracondylar humeral fracture in children and to compare the results with close reduction and castings and published literature. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Orthopaedic department of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad and Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2002 till December 2003 on 40 children. Patients included were of either gender with age range from 3 to 12 years with displaced supracondylar fracture presenting within 72 hours of injury. Two treatment modalities were studied for comparison. Cross k-wires fixation through each humeral condyle was done after closed reduction of fracture under image intensifier in general anesthesia. Casting/Backslab was applied after reduction of fracture without image intensifier under anesthesia or analgesia. Out come measures were according to Flynn criteria that are functional and cosmetic factor which is based on loss of elbow motion and carrying angle in degrees respectively. RESULTS: Cross percutaneous pinning gave excellent results in 13 (65%), good outcome in 4 (20%) and poor outcome in 3 (15%) patients. While patients treated with close reduction and casting showed excellent results in 4 patients (20%), good in 8 patients (40%), fair in 2 patients (10%) and poor in 6 patients (30%). CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and cross percutaneous pinning for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children is safe, cost and time effective method and gives stable fixation with excellent outcome as compared to close reduction and casting.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2003

A new method to make vascular and bronchial casts of voluminous organs.

Vascular and bronchial endocasts represent a useful instrument to study the ramification pattern of these structures. Casts have been made from different materials, such as waxes in ancient times and, more recently, silicon-like compounds or resins (see e.g. Mercox) to study the finest details. These techniques are valuable for small specimens, whereas they are inadequate for very large organs, where technical difficulties require the development of specific instrumentation. In this study we present a new simple injection technique, based on expanded polyurethane, which allows preparing vascular and bronchial trees for macroscopic and microscopic studies. The new injection technique is very easy to carry out, since the propulsion is provided by compressed air, and it does not require special instrumentation. To this aim, endocasts of the entire tracheal-bronchial tree and casts of vascular kidney from different animals were prepared. The specimens have a very low weight, show the finest ramifications, and are very stable and resistant to mechanical stress. To examine microscopically the details of the casts, specimens from the kidney cast were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing good preservation of microcirculatory structures, functional sphincters and endothelial cell impressions. Therefore, the technique may be useful for macroscopic studies of large specimens, retaining sufficiently fine details.

Animals↗