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PubMed1981

[Analgesics].

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Analgesics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spinal anesthesia with lidocaine combined with moradol].

The efficacy of spinal anesthesia with lidocaine (1 mg/kg) combined with moradol (0.005 mg/kg) during urologic surgery has been compared with that of spinal anesthesia with lidocaine (1 mg/kg) combined with morphine (0.01 mg/kg). The adequacy of anesthesia was evaluated using common clinical and biological parameters. Analysis of the data obtained has shown that spinal anesthesia with lidocaine in combination with moradol is a simple and effective technique of regional anesthesia. A combination of local anesthetics with moradol ensures adequate anesthesia and pronounced prolonged postoperative analgesia and sedation. The absence of serious side effects makes it possible to substitute moradol for narcotic analgesics used in spinal anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Neurophysiologic analysis of the effects of the centrally acting analgesics moradol, tramal and nubain].

The analysis of measurements of early and late components of somatosensory (SSEP) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in healthy examinees was used to compare the central mechanisms responsible for the analgesic action of moradol, tramal, and nubain. As compared to tramal and nubain, moradol was found to cause a more profound increase in the amplitude of early SSEP components. With this, all three agents were equal in suppressing the amplitude of late SSEP and VEP components. The effects of the drugs on SSEP and VEP, as well as on the sensory and psychoemotional components of human pain perception were also evaluated. The potential features of anesthesiological application of the drugs under study were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prospects of using non-narcotic analgesics in present-day methods of general anesthesia].

Efficacies of several relatively new methods of anesthesia are compared. The data of electroencephalographic monitoring, early components of somatosensory evoked potentials, parameters of the central and peripheral hemodynamics (pulsometry supplemented with estimation of photoplethysmography coefficient, among other things), acid-base balance, were used as criteria of the adequacy of analgesia. A total of 369 anesthesiologic modalities are analyzed, which were compared with traditional and modified neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) with inhalation of fluothane vapors. A high efficacy of NLA carried out in parallel with inhalation of gaseous anesthetics (fluothane) was confirmed. If traditional NLA is used in long traumatic operations, fentanyl in dose at least 10 mcg/(kg.h) should be infused during the main stage of the intervention to provide effective anesthesia; during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery fentanyl dose should be at least 15 mcg/(kg.h). Use of moradol as the principal analgesic in surgery on the open heart and aorta and in long traumatic interventions on the thoracic and abdominal organs was found unjustified. Combined total anesthesia with fentanyl, droperidol, seduxen, dalargin, and clofelin may be effectively used for intraoperative protection in interventions of any kind. Clinical significance of the phenomena detected is discussed.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed1993

[Intraoperative monitoring of abdominal organs under combined general anesthesia].

The authors analyse the early components of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) during anesthesia in prolonged and traumatic operations on the abdominal organs (gastrectomy, hemihepatectomy, pancreatoduodenal resection, etc.). A total of 69 patients were examined, among them 32 underwent operations under conditions of classical NLA, 16 with the narcotic analgetics replaced by moradol, and 21 under modified NLA with dalargin. The results of the study and analysis of literature data allow monitoring of the early components of somatosensory evoked potentials to be considered a highly sensitive test for appraising the depth and adequacy of the modern methods of general anesthesia and to be recommended for use, at least in particularly difficult and venturesome operations. It is shown that most significant in the discussed plan is not the absolute value, but changes of the N19-P23 amplitude in the stages of the operation. Increase of the studied SSEP component by 20% and more in relation to the basal level (SSEP amplitude in the patient after adequate preanesthesia) is evidence of insufficient analgesia. Change of N19-P23 latency is less demonstrative. Monitoring of the early components (N19-P23) of SSEP showed that to ensure effective analgesia in prolonged concurrent and combined operations, if the NLA method is chosen, administration of fentanyl in a dose of no less than 12 micrograms/kg/hour is necessary. It is shown that replacement of narcotic analgesics, within the limits of the conducted NLA, by moradol, an agent of the group of agonists-antagonists is poorly effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopental sodium in pregnant women during cesarean section].

Comparative study of thiopental pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics has been conducted in two groups of pregnant women subjected to planned cesarean section. Group I consisted of 6 women (thiopental dose 8.0 mg/kg was combined with components of neuroleptanalgesia), group II consisted of 7 women (the drug dose 4.68 mg/kg was combined with moradol analgesia). Dose-dependent differences in pharmacokinetic regularities of sodium thiopental in the groups compared have been revealed. Moradol did not cause the drug accumulation in the bodies of mother and fetus. The higher Apgar score was characteristic of the newborns from group II. Adequate anesthesia in pregnant women from group II was due to the potentiating effect of moradol. In both groups a correlation has been established between pharmacokinetic parameters and hemodynamic changes, as well as between sodium thiopental concentration in maternal and umbilical blood and pharmacokinetic parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Medicinal activation and inhibition of function of glucocorticoid receptors as the basis for regulation of the glucocorticoid effect].

On the basis of Scatchard and Lineweaver-Burk analysis, it was demonstrated that a series of drugs either activated or inhibited the function of types II and III glucocorticoid receptors. Analgine (0.04-10.0 mM) and sodium salicylate (12.5-50.0 mM) suppress the type II glucocorticoid receptor function of rat liver cytosol. Maradol (5.0 mM) increases the type II glucocorticoid receptors density but decreases the measurable constant for the [3H]acetonide triamsinolone interaction with type II glucocorticoid receptors. Analgine (1.25-10.0 mM) and sodium salicylate (0.62-10.0 mM) increase the type III glucocorticoid receptor function of rat liver cytosol. Maradol (0.25-1.0 mM) suppresses the type III glucocorticoid receptor function. The mechanism of regulation of the glucocorticoid effect by nonsteroid drugs influencing upon the function of types II and III glucocorticoid receptors is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The evaluation of the adequacy of anesthesia during delivery].

Assessment of anesthesia adequacy in cesarean section carried out under endotracheal narcosis and epidural anesthesia and of the adequacy of analgesia of spontaneous labor by i.m. and i.v. moradol (butorfanol tartrate) has shown that epidural anesthesia provided a more stable status of the autonomic nervous system in the course of cesarean section and that both i.m. and i.v. moradol may be used for spontaneous labor analgesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Butorfanol tartrate (beforol) in cancer surgery].

The results of the clinical study of beforal (butorfanol) ("Spofa", Czechoslovakia), a synthetic analgetic from a class of opiate agonists-antagonists, in 17 cancer patients at all stages of surgical treatment have been summarized. It has been established that beforal is a potent analgetic analogous in antistressor properties to moradol ("Galenika", Yugoslavia), however differing by a more prompt onset and discontinuation of action, thus improving the control over general anesthesia. A comparative assessment of circulation parameters and stress factors (glucose, cortisol, blood plasma STH) has shown that beforal exceeds fentanyl in the efficacy of prevention of surgical trauma during and after extended cancer surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of moradol in parturients during obstetrical analgesia].

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of moradol (2 mg) given to 16 somatically healthy parturients during analgesia of spontaneous labor has identified 2 groups of patients who significantly differed in kinetic characteristics and in the drug's ability to penetrate through the placenta barrier. At the same time there were no significant differences in autonomic nervous function and central hemodynamics after intravenous moradol analgesia. The newborns from the two groups had identical high scores (8-9). Moradol produced an adequate analgesic effects in all parturients, reaching its peak at min 30-45 and lasting up to 2 hours. There was a high correlation between the plasma drug concentration and pharmacodynamic indices in parturients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Anesthetic techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens.

Forty-eight male and 48 female 6- to 14-week-old kittens were neutered by use of 4 anesthetic protocols. Preanesthetic disposition, depth of sedation, loss of resistance to handling, induction quality, induction time, sternal and stand times, and recovery quality were evaluated. Analgesia and muscle relaxation without supplemental inhalational anesthetics were evaluated in male kittens, and the time until extubation was recorded in female kittens. Intramuscular administration of tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ), midazolam/ketamine, atropine/midazolam/ketamine/butorphanol (AMKB), and atropine/midazolam/ketamine/oxymorphone (AMKO) produced rapid sedation and smooth induction into anesthesia. In male kittens, there were no significant differences in sedation, relaxation, induction time, or quality. Tiletamine/zolazepam administration induced the best analgesia, and midazolam/ketamine administration induced the least analgesia for castration. The recovery time in male kittens was longest with TZ and shortest with the opioid groups (AMKB, AMKO). In females, TZ produced significantly faster induction times, but the degree of sedation and relaxation after administration of injectable agents was not significantly different among the groups. More females given TZ could be intubated without supplemental inhalational agents than females in other groups. Extubation time was rapid in all groups, but the times until sternal and standing were significantly longer, and recovery quality was significantly poorer in females given TZ. In kittens given opioids, reversal of the opioid did not shorten recovery time or improve recovery quality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesia↗