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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Comparison of the influence of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol on activity of phosphocreatine kinase (CK) and isoenzyme CK-MB].

The effect of salbutamol, a selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist versus ipratropium bromide anticholinergic agent on creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in serum of 20 asthmatic patients was investigated. Twenty asthmatic subjects (12 males and 8 females) were studied. They were aged 45 +/- 5 years and had moderate airway obstruction FEV1 was 65 +/- 7 and FEV1% VC 64 +/- 6 of predicted value. Venous blood was obtained before and 30 min and 2 h after two puffs of salbutamol (200 micrograms) or ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms). Total creatinine activity was assayed on a Technico RA-1000 analyzer with the IFCC recommended method. CK-MB activity was determined using a centrifugal analyzer (Cobas Fera, Roche Switzerland). Reagent kits were provided by Boehringer Mannheim Germany. We observed statistically significant increase of CK-activity in three subjects and found increase of CK-MB activity in five patients after salbutamol inhalation. Mean serum CK-MB activity before treatment was 13.0 +/- 8 UI/l, 14 +/- 5 IU/l after 30 min of drug inhalation and after 2 h 19 +/- 6 IU/l, but it was not significant. We did not found any changes after ipratropium bromide. We conclude that salbutamol exerts an influence on cardiac muscle and it is probably connected with adrenergic stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Value of ipratropium bromide in asthma crisis in children].

Ipratropium bromide is a synthetic derivative of atropine with little absorption when used in inhalation, and therefore little secondary effects. The authors review its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of asthma in children. Combined nebulized inhalation of ipratropium bromide and beta 2 sympathomimetic results in a more efficient and more sustained bronchodilatation than beta 2 sympathicomimetic alone in the treatment of acute asthma in children. Ipratropium bromide should be usefully introduced in the therapeutic scheme of acute asthma in children. Further studies will be necessary in order to determine its efficacy and tolerance in infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Bronchodilating effect of ipratropium bromide in heart failure.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that lung oedema causes an obstructive airway impairment, due to an increase in cholinergic bronchial tone in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Ten patients with CHF were tested by inhalation of ipratropium bromide and placebo, given in sequential randomized order, in double-blind fashion, after assessment of baseline lung function, both during acute cardiac decompensation and after 8-10 days of adequate treatment. The decrease in lung oedema was associated with a significant increase in vital capacity (VC) (from 70 +/- 4.4 to 83 +/- 5.4% pred), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (from 59 +/- 3.6 to 72 +/- 4.6% pred), FEV1/VC (from 61 +/- 2.8 to 64 +/- 2.3%) and residual volume (RV) (from 94 +/- 7.9 to 99 +/- 6.8% pred). Ipratropium bromide produced a far better bronchodilatation during acute decompensation when FEV1 increased from 59 +/- 3.6 to 70 +/- 3.7% pred, than after intensive treatment for heart failure, when FEV1 increased from 72 +/- 4.6 to 76 +/- 4.8% pred. The maximum absolute increase in FEV1 induced by ipratropium bromide was 286 +/- 32 ml at admission and only 111 +/- 15 ml after treatment. In conclusion, in chronic heart failure, airway obstruction is partially reversible after inhalation of an anti-muscarinic drug, when lung oedema is present, supporting the hypothesis that lung oedema increases cholinergic bronchial tone.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of pipecuronium bromide. Absence of adverse hemodynamic effects].

INTRODUCTION: Pipecuronium bromide is a new non depolarising muscle relaxant with a long duration of action; we considered its haemodynamic effects during general anaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight surgical patients (4 males, 4 females), mean age 44 years (range 29-65 years), ASA I-II, were studied. All patients were undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures (Hunt-Hess I-II). A radial artery-cannula was put in for blood pressure monitoring and a Swan-Ganz volumetric/ejection fraction fiber optic catheter was put in pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein (EFV/OTDC-Baxter). A diazo-analgesic high dose fentanyl anaesthesia was given. All patients received pipecuronium bromide 0,1 mg/kg during stable haemodynamic conditions. Haemodynamic determinations were performed over following three times: T0 before the pipecuronium administration, T1 and T2, 3 and 15 minutes after administration respectively. These parameters were analysed: HR, MAP, MPAP, RAP, PCWP, CI RVEDVI, RVESVI, RVEF, SVRI, LVWI, RVWI, SvO2, DO2I, VO2I, O2ER, Qs/Qt (statistics: analysis of variance (two ways ANOVA) and orthogonal decomposition; for all statistical comparison, differences were considered significant when p < 0.05). RESULTS: Only MAP and SVRI showed significant changes (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04), even if clinically modest. No other parameter showed any change at all. CONCLUSIONS: Pipecuronium bromide did not show adverse haemodynamic effects; its haemodynamic repercussions are clinically negligible. The drug could be considered as first choice in long lasting operations for patients with potential cardiovascular instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Irritable bowel syndrome treatment using pinaverium bromide as a calcium channel blocker. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the principal causes of days lost from work. As there has been no effective treatment up to now, sufferers turn to various doctors and try all sorts of medicines over extended periods that last for years. Thus irritable bowel syndrome has become a serious socio-economic problem that affects the family and the workplace. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 40 consecutive irritable bowel syndrome patients (mean age: 31.4 +/- 1.8, range 17-52 year; females). Pinaverium bromide (50 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d with food. RESULTS: Pinaverium bromide diminished pain duration from several hours to a few minutes (P Text:nav2]Conclusions. Pinaverium bromide is safe, and produce a significant benefit in the quality of the patients life, hence may be a valuable drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Death following intentional methyl bromide poisoning: toxicological data and literature review.

A case of fatal poisoning due to ingestion-inhalation of methyl bromide (MeBr) is presented. In previously reported fatalities due to MeBr inhalation, only inorganic bromide levels in biological specimens were reported. Intact MeBr has not been isolated from human tissues following exposure. In the present case, MeBr was detected, confirmed and quantitated in various biological samples by headspace gas chromatography, and the clinical manifestations and autopsy findings are described. Postmortem MeBr peripheral blood concentration was 3.3 micrograms/mL and in subclavian blood was 3.8 micrograms/mL. Lung, brain, adrenal gland, kidney, liver and testis MeBr was 2.9, 3.5, 3.4, 2.6, 1.9 and 2.8 micrograms/g respectively; MeBr in bile was 1.2 micrograms/mL. Inorganic bromide concentrations were 530, 30, 310 and 130 micrograms/g in blood, brain, kidney and adrenal gland respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparison between the effect of ipratropium bromide as a pressurized aerosol and as an aqueous pump spray on methacholine-induced rhinorrhoea.

Topical application of the anti-cholinergic drug ipratropium bromide is used for the treatment of rhinorrhoea. As the commercially-available pressurized aerosols are now largely being replaced by aqueous pump sprays, not containing CFC gases, we have compared these two types of sprays in a time-effect study of 20 normal persons, using the secretory response to nasal methacholine challenge as the effect parameter. Pre-treatment has been given as a single dose of 80 mg of ipratropium bromide, and 24 mg methacholine was used for challenge. The pressurized aerosol reduces rhinorrhoea with 60% (p < 0.05) and the effect lasts for at least 8 h. The corresponding value for the aqueous pump spray is 40% (p < 0.05) and the effect lasts for less than 4 h. The differences between the two sprays is significant 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h after medication (p < 0.05). This finding is unexpected and we cannot offer a satisfactory explanation. The result indicates that changes in dosing and dose-frequency of ipratropium bromide may be necessary when patients are transferred from a pressurized spray to an aqueous pump spray.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1997

Reduction of post-prandial motility by pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence points to irritable bowel syndrome physiologically as a disease of the enteric nervous system characterised by hypermotility. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract on basal and post-prandial recto-anal motility of 40 irritable bowel syndrome patients in a random, double blind and placebo controlled trial. METHODS: Pinaverium bromide (50 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d. with food. Myoelectrical and mechanical activities of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter were recorded before treatment for 2 h in the fasting state and for an additional 2 h post-prandial. RESULTS: Post-prandial rectal spike amplitude and frequency as well as the spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex frequency decreased after pinaverium bromide (P < 0.01) but not after placebo. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the calcium channel blockers acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract may have a therapeutic role in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Use of spasmolytic agent otilonium bromide (spasmomen) in digestive endoscopy: a prospective study in 63 patients].

Otilonium bromide is a calcium antagonist with a direct myolytic effect, that is indicated in spastic conditions and functional dyskinesias of the gastroenteric apparatus (irritable bowel syndrome) and as a premedication for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. The present study assessed otilonium bromide 40 mg PO the night before and 40 mg PO the morning in 49 upper and 14 lower flexible endoscopies in 63 patients, to determine the presence or absence of peristalsis and relaxation of the pylorus. No side effects were observed due to the medication. In 46 (93.8%) upper endoscopies marked relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract and also pylorus relaxation were observed. In 13 (92.8%) lower endoscopies, marked relaxation of the colonic tract was also seen. All patients tolerated well the endoscopies. Otilonium bromide was useful as premedication in order to enable upper and lower endoscopic explorations, because of its spasmolytic effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vasovagal syncope. Management with propanthelin bromide].

OBJECTIVE: To study propanthelin bromide efficacy in preventing vasovagal syncope relapse. SETTING: HGZ No. 3 IMSS, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México, from 1992 to 1995. PATIENTS: 10 patients with vasovagal syncope were selected from 41 syncope patients. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal. MEASURES: clinical charts, neurologic and cardiologic evaluation, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, C.A.T., Holter, stress test and chest X rays were made. In 10 patients, 15 to 30 mg of propanthelin bromide thrice a day were administered, 12 month survey on was made measured. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients, 7 were women mean age 18 years. In 9 of them no recurrence was evident abandoned 1 treatment, 4 had side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Propanthelin bromide decreases vasovagal syncope episodes with few side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Ethidium bromide and hepatic mitochondrial structure in mice. A morphometric analysis.

Nine days after receiving a single injection of ethidium bromide - an inhibitor of mitochondrial DNA and its synthesis - mice were found to have enlarged mitochondria which were also reduced in number. The morphometric study revealed an increase of the mean mitochondrial volume, as well as an enlargement of the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane. However, the surface of the inner and outer membrane per unit volume of mitochondrion remained unchanged. These morphometric findings suggest mitochondrial growth, since mitochondrial inner membranes can be synthesized even in the presence of DNA-inhibiting ethidium bromide. In addition, morphometric analysis enables us to estimate the mean life span of hepatic mitochondria. In conclusion we may assume that since ethidium bromide induces not only a reduction of mitochondrial division but also an increase in the hepatic mitochondrial volume and inner membrane, the mitochondrial genome possibly fulfills a regulatory role in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic systems for protein synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[1H-NMR study of complex formation between the aromatic dye ethidium bromide and the single-stranded noncomplementary deoxytetranucleotide 5'-d(CpTpGpA) in aqueous solution].

Complex formation between the aromatic dye ethidium bromide (3,8-diamino-6-phenyl-5-ethylphenanthridine) and the single-stranded noncomplementary deoxytetranucleotide 5'-d(CpTpGpA) in aqueous solution was studied by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy (500 and 600 MHz). Complete assignments of proton signals from the deoxytetranucleotide 5'-d(CTGA) were made using 2D-TOCSY and 2D-NOESY spectra. The concentration dependences of proton chemical shifts of the tetranucleotide were measured at T = 298 K to determine the self-association constants of tetranucleotide molecules in solution. Due to a small probability of tetranucleotide duplex formation, the complexing of dye molecules with the monomer of the tetramer plays the main role in the equilibrium of the complex in solution, which makes it possible to analyze the specificity of interactions of the aromatic ligand with the single-stranded DNA. Different schemes of complex formation were examined, and equilibrium constants for the reactions and the limiting chemical shifts of dye protons in different complexes were determined. The relative content of different types of complexes was analyzed, and specific features of the dynamic equilibrium were revealed as a function of the dye-tetranucleotide concentration ratio. The analysis indicates a sequence-specific binding of ethidium bromide to the single-stranded oligonucleotide. The structures of 1:1 complexes of the dye with the single strand of the tetranucleotide that correspond to two most probable orientations of the dye chromophore in the pyrimidine-purine T-G-site of the tetramer base sequence were constructed using the calculated values of induced chemical shifts of ethidium bromide protons.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1998

Inactivation of urate oxidase by a system composed of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and bromide.

Urate oxidase from Candida utilis, an enzyme containing an essential thiol, was examined for its sensitivity to lactoperoxidase, an oxidant present in breast milk. Upon exposure to a system composed of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and bromide at moderately alkaline pH, the urate oxidase exhibited comparable activity to the untreated enzyme; but upon exposure at moderately acidic pH, it lost its activity completely. Thus the lactoperoxidase-H2O2-bromide system significantly inactivated urate oxidase only at moderately acidic pH. This inactivation was prevented by the presence of N-acetylmethionine, a methionine analogue, or glutathione, which is a thiol compound analogous to an amino acid, indicating that it was probably due to the oxidation and damage of the methionine residue and/or the thiol group in the urate oxidase by the lactoperoxidase system, that loss of catalytic activity of the urate oxidase occurred.

Bromides↗
PubMed1998

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pyridostigmine bromide for prophylaxis against nerve agents in humans.

This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pyridostigmine given as 30 mg of pyridostigmine bromide every 8 hours in healthy subjects. Plasma pyridostigmine concentration and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity were measured in blood samples collected during a 3-week period. Population analysis was performed using standard pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models with the nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software (NONMEM). The pharmacokinetic model that best fit the pyridostigmine plasma levels was a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption, a lag time, and first-order elimination from the central compartment. The pharmacodynamic model that best fit red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity was an inhibitory Emax model with an effect compartment linked to the central compartment. The results showed that the pharmacokinetics of pyridostigmine bromide are both gender and weight dependent. The pharmacodynamic effect does not lag significantly from the plasma concentration and returns to near normal within 8 hours. With the present dosage regimen of 30 mg every 8 hours, 30% of individuals may not have red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition > 10% at the time of the trough.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of nuclear hydration in boar spermatozoa before and after freeze-thawing: contrast analysis of cells embedded in bromide-labeled medium.

Epon labeled with bromide was used to embed ejaculated and freeze-thawed spermatozoa, with the hypothesis that it replaces most of cell water. Image analysis of relative contrasts between sperm nuclei and the surrounding medium revealed that when used in low concentrations, bromide is mostly adsorbed to the nuclear structures. For higher concentrations, the chromatin is saturated, and the increase in contrast can be used to calculate relative differences in the hydration of nuclei. Boar sperm nuclei are more hydrated after freeze-thawing than before.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Sequence of canine COL1A2 cDNA: nucleotide substitutions affecting the cyanogen bromide peptide map of the alpha 2(I) chain.

The alpha2 chain of canine type I collagen was characterized with both sequence analysis of COL1A2 cDNA and chemical analysis of alpha2(I) chains. The complete sequence of canine COL1A2 cDNA was determined from reverse-transcribed and polymerase chain reaction-amplified total RNA from cultured skin fibroblasts. Pepsin-digested and cyanogen bromide-digested type I collagen peptides were analyzed with chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Identity between the sequences of canine and human COL1A2 cDNA was 90.9%, predicting conservation of the 3 cysteine residues required for C-propeptide registration and of cleavage sites for signal peptidase, procollagen N-proteinase, vertebrate collagenase, and procollagen C-proteinase. Conservation of all 50 lysine residues was also predicted, including preservation of the 1:2 asymmetry in the X:Y distribution of the 31 lysine residues in the alpha2(I) triple helix. The human and canine sequences differed in the location of Y-position proline residues and the presence of two unique canine cyanogen bromide peptides, alpha2 CB3b and alpha2 CB3c,5. Knowledge of the conserved and unique features of canine COL1A2 will be valuable for analysis of the expression, synthesis, and structure of type I collagen as well as studies of canine osteogenesis imperfecta.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Cross-validation of cyanogen bromide-peptide ratios to measure the proportion of type II collagen in pepsin digests of equine articular cartilage, meniscus, and cartilage repair tissue.

Collagen type I and type II were purified from equine flexor tendon and articular cartilage, respectively. Equal amounts of these collagens were cleaved with cyanogen bromide, and 11 mixtures containing increasing proportions of type II collagen were separated in seven identical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The density of bands was measured in wet gels and the peak areas were used to form six ratios of peptide bands that had polynomial relationships with the known proportions of type I and type II collagen in the mixtures. Calibration curves for determining the proportion of type II collagen in the mixtures were constructed using ratios and combinations of ratios of peak areas. Cross-validation was used to identify calibration curves with the smallest squared prediction error or squared average prediction error for all combinations of ratios. Ratios of peak areas of each one of the seven gels were treated, in turn, as the "unknown," and a prediction was carried out using these unknowns and the ratios from the other six gels. Two ratios had the smallest squared average prediction error and calibration curves were computed for these ratios with all seven gels. These curves were used to estimate the proportion of type II collagen in the pepsin-soluble and the pepsin-resistant fractions of articular cartilage inner and outer meniscus, and cartilage repair tissue. Cross-validation enabled selection of the cyanogen bromide-peptide ratios for calibration curves that resulted in the most accurate estimation of the proportion of type II collagen in pepsin digests of tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A myeloperoxidase-specific assay based upon bromide-dependent chemiluminescence of luminol.

Measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO; EC 1.11.1.7) activity is often used as a marker of neutrophil infiltration into tissues. However, most enzymatic assays for MPO are susceptible to interference from other peroxidases (including eosinophil peroxidase, EPX) and hemoproteins (such as hemoglobin and myoglobin) present in the tissues. In this report, we describe a bromide-dependent chemiluminescence (Br-CL) assay that uses luminol as a chemiluminescence probe. The assay can distinguish between MPO and nonspecific peroxidase reactions. The MPO-specific reaction is believed to proceed in two steps: (i) the enzymatic generation of hypobromous acid (HOBr) from KBr and H(2)O(2) at pH 5 and (ii) the spontaneous reaction of HOBr and H(2)O(2) with luminol to give a Br-CL signal. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to allow detection of MPO in <100 human neutrophils. Other peroxidases and hemoproteins do not interfere with the Br-CL signal. Although EPX can also oxidize bromide to generate HOBr, activities of MPO and EPX can be distinguished at different pHs. As a demonstration of the utility of the Br-CL assay, MPO activity was measured in murine tumors known to be infiltrated with neutrophils. A statistically significant correlation was seen between MPO activity and histological neutrophil counts in the tumors (r = 0.69, P < 0.01, n = 14). The assay should have wide application for measuring the neutrophil content of tissues.

Bromides↗