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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Recall and recognition in Huntington's disease.

We assessed 19 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) at early to moderately advanced stages of their disease using memory tests that investigated verbal and visual recall and recognition. In those tests where identical material was subject to recall and recognition the standardized results (z scores) were lower for recognition. Performance was better with pictorial than with verbal material. While recognition bias and savings scores did not differ significantly from controls, all other recognition parameters did so. This is in contrast to the claim that defective retrieval in HD is greatly enhanced by multiple choice recognition. One major reason for maintaining this assumption was apparently the disregard of false-positive responses. Our results indicate that verbal and visual recognition are impaired in HD, and the notion of a salient deficit of free recall is not supported.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Camptothecin and 9-nitrocamptothecin (9NC) as anti-cancer, anti-HIV and cell-differentiation agents. Development of resistance, enhancement of 9NC-induced activities and combination treatments in cell and animal models.

The anticancer drug, 9-nitrocamptothecin (9NC), has demonstrated an unprecedented activity against human caner cells grown in cultures and as xenografts in nude mice. 9NC-induced apoptosis of cancer cells is mediated by the nuclear enzyme, topoisomerase I, and executed by pathways that involve cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion and/or activation of death receptors depending on the cell type. Alternatively, 9NC has exhibited ability to induce differentiation or senescence of certain cell types in vitro. In several instances, the 9NC activities can be regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins and cell cycle-associated proteins, p53, p21 and Cdks. Also, 9NC can inhibit HIV replication in infected T- and monocytic cells in vitro. Development of resistance to 9NC, associated with mutations in the topoisomerase I gene, can be overcome by regulating specific proteins, such as RKIP, other than topoisomerase I. Finally, derivatives (i.e., alkyl esters) of 9NC, liposome-encapsulated 9NC and combined treatment of 9NC with ionizing radiation or hyperthermia are other approaches to enhance the apoptotic activity of 9NC against human cancer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effects of spontaneous eye movements on spatial memory in macaque periarcuate cortex.

Persistent activity in prefrontal cortex during delayed response tasks is a putative neural correlate of spatial working memory. We tested whether this activity was sensitive to eye movements made during the memory interval by recording from prefrontal neurons while monkeys performed a delayed spatial matching saccade task in which they were allowed to make eye movements freely. We found that eye movements degraded the spatial tuning of persistent activity even as there was an improvement in behavioral performance. Although the strength of the memory signal decreased, delay activity continued to signal the location of cue. The results suggest that free eye movements reduce neuronal gain rather than add variability. The saccades performed during the delay suggest the existence of a rehearsal mechanism that could contribute to working memory maintenance. The results do not provide support for a segregation of storage and executive functions in the periarcuate cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Acrylic IOL implantation with the Monarch II injector].

PURPOSE: To study the technical difficulties using the MONARCH II injector, intraoperative incidents, postoperative astigmatism. METHODS: Retrospective study which included 135 eyes with cataract who underwent cataract surgery between March 2002-August 2003. The surgical intervention consisted of lens extraction by phacoemulsification technique and IOL implantation with the MONARCH II injector. We recorded the following parameters: problems during the loading of the IOL in the cartridge, difficulties during the implant, problems due to the damage of the IOL during the passage in the cartridge, IOL centration in the capsular bag, induced postoperative astigmatism. RESULTS: We had no major difficulties using this type of injector. We did not recorded important differences between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic IOLs. We had a number of 17 intraoperative incidents (12.6%). We met the following intraoperative incidents: the last haptic capture in the tunnel of the cartridge in 5 cases (3.7%), small marks on the optic surface left by the tip of the injector in 3 cases (2.2%), the leading haptic stuck on the optic surface in 2 cases (1.4%), breaking of the last haptic (multi-piece IOL) in 1 case (0.7%), the turning up side down of IOL during unfolding (hydrophilic IOLs) in 6 cases (4.4%). Postoperative astigmatism was less than 1D cylinder in 88% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The IOL implantation using MONARCH II injector is easy and doesn't need learning curve. The technique is superior compared with forceps implantation (especially for acrylic hydrophilic IOLs). No significant differences between implantation of acrylic IOLs. IOL centration was good. The design of the injector tip preserved optic surface and haptic from damage. The conical tip of the cartridge didn't change the architecture of the corneal wound. The postoperative astigmatism was small.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriological pattern of acute purulent balanoposthitis in children].

The microflora of the prepucial sac in 94 children (aged 2 months to 15 years) with acute purulent balanoposthitis (APB) was studied. In the overwhelming majority of cases APB in children was caused by facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria (96.7%); of these, Gram positive bacteria occurred most frequently (85.7% of cases). In 51.6% of children these bacteria were represented by staphylococci, constituting 60.3% of all Gram positive flora. Gram negative bacteria were isolated in 40.6% of cases, Escherichia coli taking the first place among them. The isolated microflora was highly resistant to frequently used wide spectrum antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Experimental determination of blood permittivity and conductivity in simple shear flow.

The paper is concerned with the determination of blood permittivity and conductivity in Poiseuille and Couette simple shear flows. The experimental procedure, based on dielectric spectroscopy, evidences the sensitivity of blood electric properties to the applied frequency and local shear rate magnitude. The method evidences the possibility to correlate (for well-defined flow geometry) magnitude of shear rate, and consequently the shear stress level, with spectra permittivity of blood.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2004

An epidemiological study of gastric cancer in the adult population referred to gastroenterology medical services in Romania -- a multicentric study.

AIM: The Romanian Society of Digestive Endoscopy proposed a multicentric study to evaluate the prevalence of gastric cancer in the adult population referred to gastroenterology medical services, and also the demographic features of this pathology. METHODS: . The study was carried out over the period 1 January 2003 - 31 December 2003 in 11 academic centers in Romania, specialized in gastroenterology, with a uniform national distribution (all areas in the country were represented) and with adequate diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. All centers used identical definition criteria and reported the data using the same protocol and a Microsoft Excel database. RESULTS: During the study period, 640 cases of gastric cancer were reported. In the first stage, the prevalence in each geographical region was calculated. The national prevalence of gastric cancer in the population referred to gastro-intestinal endoscopy services was 2.9 per 100,000 inhabitants over 18 years of age. The demographic data of the studied group were the following: 66.4% men, 33.6% women, 51.7% urban population, 48.3% rural population, mean age 63.07 +/- 12.10 years. The most frequent indications for upper digestive endoscopy were: dyspepsia, weight loss and appetite. 88% of patients had no history of disease with a high risk of gastric cancer. The majority of patients (95.5 %) had advanced gastric cancer at the time of diagnosis, located in the gastric body (40.1 %) and in the antrum (33.8 %). According to Borrmann's classification, 31.4% had type I fungating gastric cancer and 32.1% had type III ulcero-infiltrative gastric cancer. According to the Lauren classification, the most frequent histological type was intestinal adenocarcinoma (63.8 %). Early gastric cancer was found in 4.4% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gastric cancer in the population referred to digestive endoscopy services in Romania is 2.9%, with relatively wide variations at a national level. The study confirms the fact that Romania is a country with a low prevalence of gastric cancer, in accordance with the literature data published for the south of Europe.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Colonic diverticulosis--current issues in etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment].

Diverticular disease of the colon, which is an acquired disorder caused by mucosal herniation through the colonic wall, has been termed both a "disease of the 20th century" and a "disease of Western civilization" due to its increasing prevalence in modern times and its striking geographical variability. There are complex relations between colonic structure, motility, and dietary factors, and it is likely that all of these play a role in the pathogenesis to a greater or lesser degree. Although present in two thirds of the elderly population, the large majority of patients will remain entirely asymptomatic. Nonetheless, 20% of those affected may manifest clinical illness and complications. Barium exploration indicates the extent and severity of colonic diverticular disease. Colonoscopy is preferred in positive diagnosis of uncomplicated diverticulosis. Computed tomography is especially useful in complicated diverticular disease. The use of high fibre diets in the prevention and treatment of the symptoms of diverticular disease has now become commonplace. The morbidity and mortality associated with complications, demand that this condition should receive greater attention in terms of aetiology, prevention and management.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antenatal incomplete rupture of the umbilical cord. A case report.

Intrauterine rupture of the umbilical cord is a rare complications, and it's even less frequent in antenatal situation. We describe such a case, with the prenatal demise of a 33-week male fetus in a 2 parous 31 year old patient. The only risk factors identified were: extremely long umbilical cord, oligoamnios, pericervical umbilical loops and extensive vascular thrombosis. The intraoperative assessment showed an intensively blood-stained amniotic fluid, and a partial rupture of the cord close to the placental insertion. As in short cords, a very long cord might have produced important traction in a low quantity of amniotic fluid environment, and determine the rupture and the severe fetal consequence. In our case they were associated with extensive vein thrombosis, which might have lead to intraamniotic hemorrhage and contribute to the fetal demise.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 cells treated with an extract of the plant product, Chios mastic gum.

A hexane extract of the plant product Chios mastic gum (He-CMG) is demonstrated to kill human colon cancer cells in vitro via the process of anoikis. Specifically, the sequence of events includes He-CMG-induced GI-arrest of the cells, detachment of the cells from the substrate and subsequent apoptosis. Anoikis is dependent on the concentration and duration of treatment with He-CMG. Presence of the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, did not prevent cell detachment, but it did prevent apoptosis of the detached cells indicating that the process of cell detachment, but not apoptosis, is independent of caspase activation. He-CMG-induced apoptosis is associated with activation of the initiator caspases-8, and -9 and the effector caspase-3. Caspases are activated in cells at a relatively long time after detachment, and caspase-3 activation may require caspase-8 or caspase-9 activation, as determined by using HCT116 isogenic clones impaired in apoptosis mechanisms that involve these two caspases. Finally, electron microscopy observations indicated a time-dependent appearance of morphological features both typical and non-typical of apoptosis in cells treated with He-CMG for various periods of time. Taken together, the results demonstrated that He-CMG induces apoptosis in HCT116 cells and, therefore, further in vivo and in vitro studies of the anticancer activities of this plant product are warranted.

Anoikis↗