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Results for “BODY FLUID BALANCE”

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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Weight changes in critically ill patients evaluated by fluid balances and impedance measurements.

OBJECTIVE: To study simple, rapid, and predictive methods to determine body weight changes in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive sample. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-one consecutive patients. INTERVENTIONS: Calculated weight changes, using day-to-day and cumulative fluid balances corrected (in two ways) for insensible losses, were compared with the actual weight changes (mattress bascule). A tetrapolar impedance technique measuring resistance was evaluated for estimating weight changes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: No reliable relationship was found between calculated weight changes using fluid balances corrected for insensible loss and the observed weight changes. An intraindividual relationship was found between actual weight changes and changes in resistance measured with the tetrapolar impedance technique in a group of 24 critically ill patients with large weight changes (11.1 +/- 6.7 kg). No such intraindividual relationship was found in seven patients with small weight changes (3.1 +/- 2.2 kg). In each patient, the slope coefficient of the change in weight and resistance relationship differed; this individual slope coefficient could be an indication for hydration. CONCLUSIONS: Calculated fluid balances are not predictive for actual weight changes in critically ill patients. Absolute weight measurements are indispensable. Changes in resistance correlated with weight changes in individual patients if weight changes were > 3 kg.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation of drinking rate in euryhaline tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus) during salinity challenges.

Euryhaline tilapia larvae are capable of adapting to environmental salinity changes even when transferred from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW) or vice versa. In this study, the water balance of developing tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus) adapted to FW or SW was compared, and the short-term regulation of drinking rate of the larvae during salinity adaptation was also examined. Following development, wet weight and water content of both SW- and FW-adapted larvae increased gradually, while the dry weight of both group larvae showed a slow but significant decline. On the other hand, the drinking rate of SW-adapted larvae was four- to ninefold higher than that of FW-adapted larvae from day 2 to day 5 after hatching. During acute salinity challenges, tilapia larvae reacted profoundly in drinking rate, that is, increased or decreased drinking rate within several hours while facing hypertonic or hypotonic challenges, to maintain their constancy of body fluid. This rapid regulation in water balance upon salinity challenges may be critical for the development and survival of developing larvae.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Total fluid balance during transurethral resection of the prostate.

All fluids given and recovered during and for 24 hours following transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) in 35 elderly men were recorded and compared with the health status of the patient. The results show that irrigating fluid absorption and the choice of a crystalloid or a colloid solution for intravenous fluid supplementation were the most important factors governing the total fluid balance at the end of TURP as well as 2 hours later. At 24 hours after the operation, the absorption of irrigating fluid during TURP and the presence of cardiac disease promoted retention of fluid. Impaired kidney function and serum cortisol concentration did not, however, correlate with the fluid balance.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Long-term changes in transperitoneal water transport during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

9 patients were observed prospectively during 14-40 months 003 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. From start of CAPD, each patient recorded dwell time, drained ultrafiltration volume (delta V), initial glucose concentration in dialysate, dialy fluid intake, body weight and blood pressure on a special form. These data, together with monthly values for albumin, urea, creatinin, phosphate, glucose and beta 2-microglobulin in plasma and in instilled dialysate, were later fed into a specially designed computer program to compare changes in the monthly mean (+/- SEM) values. During 5 episodes of peritonitis, daily changes in delta V were also computed. A long-term increase in delta V was found in 4 and a decrease in 5 patients. In all 9 patients delta V changed intermittently. All changes were most pronounced for long dwell times as compared to shorter dwell exchanges. The decrease in delta V started within the first 12 months of treatment. In the daily routine were aware of decreased ultrafiltration capacity in 3 patients only. Intermittent monthly changes in delta V could partly be correlated to changes in daily fluid intake. No correlations were found between long-term changes in delta V and fluid intake. All except 1 patient gained progressively in body weight, but without correlations to fluid balance, blood pressure and plasma albumin concentration. At the start of the observation period, most patients loosing delta V during this study appeared to have a more permeable membrane with a higher absorption rate of glucose and higher equilibration ratios for creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in 5-hours drained dialysate as compared with the other patients. However, this was not statistically different between the two groups of patients. During the observation period, most patients with decreased delta V also increased transperitoneal solute transport, while the solute transport decreased in patients with increasing delta V, but these changes were only significant for some patients. During peritonitis, delta V decreased significantly 1 day before any other signs of peritonitis. All changes in delta V were most pronounced for long dwell times as compared with short dwell times. It is suggested that changes in ultrafiltration can be related to altered permeability of the peritoneal membrane, which appear earlier and more frequent than suggested by others, and any loss of delta V can be explained by a more permeable ('open') peritoneal membrane. It is also possible that different diseases act differently on the permeability of the peritoneal membrane.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess changes in body water compartments after digestive surgery.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Accurate monitoring of fluid balance in patients after surgery is a difficult task. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe and noninvasive method to measure extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) by passing a weak alternating current through the body. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in body water compartments after gastroenterological surgery by BIA in relation to patient age, type of operation, postoperative complications and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODOLOGY: Ninety-four patients undergoing digestive surgery in our department [laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n=9), gastrectomy (n= 23), colectomy (n=26), hepatectomy (n=29), pancreatoduodenectomy (n=4) and esophagectomy (n=3)] were enrolled in the study. Body fluids were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis before and after surgery (one hour after operation and on postoperative days 1, 3, 7 and 14). RESULTS: Total body water (TBW) and ICW in all groups were significantly lower than preoperative values on day 14. Day 14 ECW in patients less than 70 years or age without postoperative SIRS or complications was significantly lower than the preoperative value. In contrast, ECW was not significantly different from the preoperative value in patients older than age 70 with postoperative SIRS. Additionally, ECW on day 14 was significantly higher than the preoperative value in patients with postoperative complications. When types of surgery were taken into consideration, day 14 TBW was significantly lower than preoperative value only in patients with gastrectomy and hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Development of postoperative SIRS and complications resulted in an increase of ECW above its preoperative value. BIA is useful for detecting small changes in body composition following gastroenterological surgery, and provides a means for monitoring perioperative water balance.

Aged↗