Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Alveolar Process”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of bed preparation on the incorporation of autogenous bone grafts: a study in dogs.

To study the influence of bed preparation on the incorporation of autogenous bone grafts in mandibles, 6 dogs with 3 different types of receptor bed were used: cortical, perforated, and decorticated. After 45 and 90 days, the animals were sacrificed and block sections of grafted and adjacent bone were removed. The specimens were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichromic. The autogenous bone grafts were integrated with the receptor bed, mainly in the perforated and decorticated groups. The poorest results were found in the cortical group.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

[Cephalometric analysis of distance x-ray images in children with orofacial clefts].

The authors with the help of cephalometric RTG analysis study the changes of facial skeleton in children with orofacial clefts and the treatment results. Cephalometric analysis was performed on distance X-rays in patients with orofacial clefts from the whole Slovak republic in the number of 178, with age of 7.8 and 9 years. According to the type of the fissure the patients were divided in four groups. The control group consisted of 46 healthy children with the same age. The method of Schwartz was used (1958). The analysis revealed some characteristic changes in patients with orofacial clefts, which document that not only local disorder of lips, alveolar process and palate develops in these patients, but the fissure defect affects also more distant parts of visceral skeleton and important growth centers. (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 14.)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1975

Fractures of the mandible in motor vehicle accidents.

Motor vehicle accidents are a common cause of fractures of the mandible and are the most common cause of serious and multiple fractures. The usual mechanism of injury is outlined. The common fractures that occur are through the anterior alveolar process, condylar necks, or edentulous areas of the body and symphysis. There is high incidence of other injuries associated with jaw fractures in these patients. Treatment of the mandibular fracture must wait until the patient's general condition is stabilized. Obstruction of the airway demands emergency treatment by keeping the tongue forward and repeated suction of blood and mucus from the mouth and nasopharynx. Emergency tracheostomy is rarely necessary because of mandibular fractures. The methods for immobilizing a fractured jaw are outlined. The majority of accident victims are young and therefore have teeth. When there are teeth that occlude immobilization of the mandible must include intermaxillary fixation by wiring the teeth into occlusion. Interosseus wiring is used to support unstable fragments. Intramedullary Kirschner wires are a simple and effective method for immobilizing fractures through the body and symphysis of edentulous patients.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Soft tissue management in oral implantology: a review of surgical techniques for shaping an esthetic and functional peri-implant soft tissue structure.

Along with osseointegration and restoration of function, the patient's subjective satisfaction with the esthetic result is a touchstone of the success of implant therapy. Although esthetic restoration of natural teeth can be achieved routinely through appropriate tooth preparation and a natural-looking design on the part of the dental laboratory, the road to success is much more complicated with implants, because of atrophy of bone and mucosa. Surgical techniques, paths of incision, and useful instruments for implant therapy are described, from implant placement to exposure. These methods help to provide durable, functional, and esthetic results.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

[Combined therapy of chronic catarrhal gingivitis using low intensity laser light].

Periodontal diseases, one of which is chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG), represent a medicosocial problem. Standard therapy often fails to bring about stable results. Addition of low-energy laser exposure at wavelengths of 0.63 micron and 0.85-0.89 micron to therapeutic complexes helps attain stable results, which is confirmed by clinical, functional, immunological, and x-ray data and densitometry. Laser therapy exerts a multifactorial pathogenetic effect, eliminating inflammation in periodontal tissue, normalizing microcirculation in the periodontium, improving mineral saturation of osseous tissue of the alveolar processes of the jaws, and improving local immunity of the oral cavity. All this accelerates treatment and decreases the probability of relapses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Oral paracoccidioidomycosis: a retrospective study of 62 Brazilian patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the profile of patients with oral paracoccidioidomycosis referred to two Dental Schools in Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil) between 1955 and 1998. Despite the importance of the oral manifestations of this disease, few papers in the English literature have provided epidemiological data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 62 patients presenting oral paracoccidioidomycosis were reviewed in detail. Patient age, gender, race, occupation, site of lesion and type of clinical manifestation of the disease were tabulated. RESULTS: There was a predominance of male patients (97%), with a male:female ratio of 30:1. The mean age was 40 years. Most of the patients were farm workers (53%). Some patients presented multiple oral lesions (19 cases, 30%). The fungal lesions were found principally in the alveolar process and gingiva, but were also seen on the palate, lip and buccal mucosa. All patients had chronic proliferative mulberry-like ulcerated oral lesions and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The clinical records did not contain notes about pulmonary involvement by the lesions. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of a specific population with the diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis. The major goal is to establish a scientific basis for initiating educational programs for prevention and early diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Surgically assisted maxillary expansion].

Orthodontic expansion of the maxilla can be facilitated by bone cuts through the zygomatic-alveolar process and in the palate lateral of the nasal septum. Stability of the surgical-orthodontic treatment outcome depends on the equilibrium of forces of the tongue and cheeks (functional envelope). Long term, even lifetime, retention is advised.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Alveolar ridge augmentation with rhBMP-2 and bone-to-implant contact in induced bone.

The objective of this study was to examine alveolar ridge augmentation following implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) with an allogeneic freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix (DBM) mixed with autologous blood. A second objective was to evaluate bone-to-implant contact in induced bone. Bilateral surgically created supraalveolar ridge defects in five young adult beagle dogs were implanted with the rhBMP-2-DBM-blood device. Transmucosal dental implants were placed at weeks 8 and 16 postsurgery The animals were euthanized 24 weeks following ridge augmentation. Healing was uneventful in all animals. Radiographic observations indicated substantial bone formation, including regions of radiolucency, at week 8. At week 16, the radiolucencies were generally resolved, and the trabecular structure of the induced bone resembled that of the adjacent residual bone. There were no remarkable differences in radiographic observations between weeks 16 and 24 after ridge augmentation. Histologic analysis revealed dense woven and lamellar induced bone. Any residual DBM appeared remineralized, at least in part. A large portion of the dental implants (approximately 70%) were housed in induced bone with evidence of limited crestal resorption. There was no significant difference in bone density between induced and residual bone, and the levels of bone-to-implant contact were similar (approximately 55%). The rhBMP-2 construct used in this study has a potential to augment alveolar ridge defects. Also, no difference in levels of osseointegration may be expected in induced and residual bone following a two-stage procedure of rhBMP-2-induced ridge augmentation and dental implant placement.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Development of intracranial relations in patients aged 10 to 18 years with clefts of the lip and palate, using cluster analysis.

The investigation is based on a longitudinal cephalometric investigation of lateral teleroentgenographic pictures of male patients with a complete unilateral cleft of the lip and palate. Using cluster analysis the authors investigated the relationship of 75 craniofacial characteristics of size, shape and position during the time interval from 10 to 18 years of age. The main objective of the work was to characterize the development of intracranial relations during the pubertal spurt and compare the final condition in adulthood with a control group. The angle of the cranial base and its effect on the position of the mandibular joint did not change during the investigation period. The relationship between the rotation of the mandible and the inclination of the upper alveolar process with the protrusion of different parts of the skeletal profile also remained constant. Up to adulthood, the rotation of the mandible developed independently of the sagittal intermaxillary relations. The relationship between the sagittal intermaxillary relations and other parts of the face did, however, change. Before the onset of puberty it was influenced most by the reduced length of the maxilla. The inadequacy of maxillary growth was balanced during this period by a change in the shape and position of the mandible. Its adaptative capacities could not compensate later for this uneven development of the jaws potentiated by the pubertal growth spurt. Due to this the intermaxillary relations deteriorated at the end of development in the majority of patients. The association of the restricted vertical maxillary growth with its retroposition was manifested only in adulthood. Intracranial relations of the control group differed from those in the group with clefts. Sagittal intermaxillary and dental relations were not associated in healthy men. As individual probands were not linked by any restriction of growth or development, no close relationship developed between the shape characteristics of the lower jaw, which is the main compensatory adaptative mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Simulation of stressed status of dental abutment tissues in normal and abnormal position of teeth].

Based on the final elements method, the authors simulated the stressed-deformed state of dental abutment tissues in normal and abnormal position of the teeth. The distribution of normal and tangent tensions in dental transverse sections and their contact interactions with the alveolar process (periodontium-periosteum) were studied. The effect of the inclination angle of abnormally positioned teeth in various force of occlusion was demonstrated and maximum values of this force were established from the strength viewpoint. The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed scheme for estimation of the stressed-deformed status of dental abutment teeth in practical orthodontics.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed1997

[Splitting and widening of a narrow jaw ridge in the edentulous maxilla].

One of the most frequently occurring problems in oral implantology, especially in the maxilla, is the reduction of the alveolar ridge, caused by bone resorption in the edentulous and partly edentulous maxilla. A usually successful but clinically sometimes complicated way of solving this problem is the augmentation of the resorbed parts of residual ridges, particularly when autologous bone is being used. Implant placement usually follows in a later stage. The bone-splitting and bone-widening technique, on the other hand, is a more obvious method for the immediate placement of implants in those cases where the dimensions of the residual ridge are reduced by only some degree. When the resorption of the residual ridge is extreme, this method can eventually be combined with guided tissue regeneration. Crestosplit instruments are specially developed osteotomes for cleaving and widening the crest of the residual ridge, whilst, at the same time, compressing the cancellous bone. In applying this procedure, a bone preparation can be made with dimensions very close to the diameter of the implant to be placed, and without losing important bone-parts as in the case of drilling. Upon the completion of this procedure, only the last drill with the dimensions of the implant has to be used and the implant can thus be placed in the same session. In edentulous cases where the resorption is almost nil, bone preparation with the aid of this method is also to be preferred as the compression of the corticocancellous bone will considerably increase the bone contact with the implant surface. Especially in the maxilla this will lead to a better prognosis of the survival rate of the implant and to better esthetic results of the final prosthetic restoration.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2002

[The dry skull model in orthodontics].

Orthodontic therapy aims to displace teeth by means of orthodontic appliances. Forces, applied on the teeth, induce remodeling of the alveolar process in upper and lower jaw resulting in a new position of the teeth into both jaws. In this publication an attempt has been made to test a model (dry skull model) which could provide a better understanding of the effect of force application on tooth and bone displacement. Initial tooth displacement (microscopical), right after force application, could give an indication for the longitudinal tooth displacement to be expected. Variables as the point of force application, the amount and direction of the force and the localisation of the centre of resistance are determining factors for the final tooth displacement. This study attempts to forecast the longitudinal tooth displacement by evaluating the initial displacement on the dry skull. Initial tooth displacement has been measured by means of laser measuring techniques (holography, speckle interferometry and laser reflection technique). These techniques are non-invasive (non-destructive testing) and permit the measurement of small tooth and bone displacements varying between 0.5 and 15 microns. According to the results of the animal studies, it became obvious that initial tooth and bone displacements are indicative for the longitudinal effect of the same sort of force application on a short time basis (5 to 8 weeks). The final conclusion is that initial tooth displacement measured on a dry skull has a predictive value for the longitudinal effect of orthodontic force application. Moreover, the creation of a finite element model looks very promising in this respect. More research is needed to test the finite element model further and to make it useful for testing the effect of force application on skull and tooth structures of a patient.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alveolar ridge preservation using a bioactive glass particulate graft in extraction site defects.

This article describes the application of a bioactive glass particulate graft and placement of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier into extraction sites to preserve the residual ridge and to develop the site prior to fixed prosthetic replacement. Extraction site development can enhance and facilitate the position and shape of the pontics while maximizing the natural contour of the soft tissues.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2002

[A case with congenital underdevelopment of the middle part of the face in a newborn].

A newborn is described with a rare developmental defect of the middle part of the face: median cleft in the upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate combined with pronounced hypotelorism and prosencephalia. Combination with hypotelorism indicates that the defect should be classified as a prosencephalic; the risk of repeated birth of a child with such a defect can be as high as 25%.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed2002

Increased angiostatin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from ARDS patients and from human volunteers after lung instillation of endotoxin.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, due to both an epithelial and an endothelial dysfunction. Whereas epithelial apoptosis seems to be mainly mediated by Fas ligand, the mediators of endothelial damage remain to be identified. Angiostatin, a powerful inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo, also specifically induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. The concentration of various enzymes that cleave angiostatin from plasminogen was reported to be significantly increased in bronchalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with ARDS. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether angiostatin was generated during the pulmonary inflammatory response of both healthy subjects challenged with endobronchial endotoxin and in patients with ARDS. We found significantly elevated angiostatin levels in BAL fluids from patients at risk for and with early ARDS (up to 0.022% and 0.018% of total protein, respectively), as well as in BAL fluids from volunteers treated with endotoxin (up to 1.17% of total protein), as compared to BAL fluids from control patients (< 0.005% of total protein). These data suggest that angiostatin may contribute to the endothelial damage observed in ARDS, probably via an increased permeability of the alveolar capillary barrier, allowing for an intra-alveolar processing of its precursor plasminogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Intraosseous veins of the maxilla in the newborn].

The intraosseous veins of the maxilla in newborns grow larger with enlargement of the bone and become disposed in three mutually perpendicular planes. The venous plexus of the alveolar process is large. V. v. vallares are thin and interlace forming a network. The veins of interdental septum are well pronounced. The thick venous network of the periosteum and the mucous membrane of the nasal surface of the palatine process includes the vessels transversal and longitudinal to the nasal septum. The venous loops of the incisor part are of triangular, pentagonal and polygonal shape. The veins of the palatine process are connected with 3-4 large vessels falling into the vessels of the tear duct. The transversal and oblique veins of the oral surface of the palatine process are connected with large vessels disposed in parallel to the medial structure of the hard palate. The venous network of the incisor part of the bone is restricted by densified small arc-shaped plexuses. Two-three largest veins lie sagittally and, connected by arc-shaped anastomoses, are tributaries of the vessels of the palate bone, soft palate and pharynx.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

HVC ridge deficiency classification: a therapeutically oriented classification.

Alveolar ridge defects resulting from tooth extraction, trauma, or periodontal disease often require surgical correction prior to prosthodontic reconstruction. Whether implants or conventional fixed prostheses are planned, without careful consideration and proper treatment planning, hard and/or soft tissue defects may lead to functional, structural, or esthetic compromises in the final prosthesis. This article reviews the etiology and treatment of alveolar ridge defects and introduces a therapeutically oriented classification system of such defects (horizontal, vertical, and combination-HVC-classification). In addition, a decision-making guide for approaching each defect type will be discussed, and clinical examples of treated cases will be presented.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗