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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Maxillo-nasal dysplasia (Binder syndrome) and associated malformations of the cervical spine.

Forty-three patients with maxillo-nasal dysplasia have been subjected to a radiographic examination of the cervical spine. In 44.2 per cent malformations of the cervical vertebrae of a minor or major type were revealed. Dysplasia of the vertebral bodies related to persistence of the chorda dorsalis, a very rare malformation, was found in six cases. No correlation between the incidence or severity of the malformations and the degree of malocclusion of the jaws and facial deformity, characteristic of Binder syndrome, were noted. The maxillo-nasal dysplasia and the spinal malformations probably have a common cause during the embryologic stage.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Does head posture have a significant effect on the hyoid bone position and sternocleidomastoid electromyographic activity in young adults?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between head posture (head extension, normal head posture, and head flexion) and anteroposterior head position, hyoid bone position, and the sternocleidomastoid integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity in a sample of young adults. The study included 50 individuals with natural dentition and bilateral molar support. A lateral craniocervical radiograph was taken for each subject and a cephalometric analysis was performed. Head posture was measured by means of the craniovertebral angle formed by the MacGregor plane and the odontoid plane. According to the value of this angle, the sample was divided into the following three groups: head extension (less than 95 degrees); normal head posture (between 95 degrees and 106 degrees); and head flexion (more than 106 degrees). The following cephalometric measurements were taken to compare the three groups: anteroposterior head position (true vertical plane/pterygoid distance), anteroposterior hyoid bone position (true vertical plane-Ha distance), vertical hyoid bone position (H-H' distance in the hyoid triangle), and CO-C2 distance. In the three groups, IEMG recordings at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching were performed by placing bipolar surface electrodes on the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles. In addition, the condition with/without craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) in each group was also assessed. Head posture showed no significant association with anteroposterior head position, anteroposterior hyoid bone position, vertical hyoid bone position, or sternocleidomastoid IEMG activity. There was no association to head posture with/without the condition of CMD. Clinical relevance of the results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of cervical posture of children in skeletal class I, II, and III.

Previous studies on the relationship between morphological structure of the face and cervical posture have predominantly focused on vertical dimensions of the face. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant differences in cervical posture in subjects with a different sagittal morphology of the face, i.e., a different skeletal class. One hundred twenty (120) children (60 males and 60 females, average age 9.5 yrs., SD+/-0.5) were admitted for orthodontic treatment. Selection criteria was: European ethnic origin, date of birth, considerable skeletal growth potential remaining and an absence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Lateral skull radiographs were taken in mirror position. Subjects were divided into three groups based on their skeletal class. The cephalometric tracings included postural variables. The most interesting findings were: 1. children in skeletal class III showed a significantly lower cervical lordosis angle (p<0.001) than the children in skeletal class I and skeletal class II; 2. children in skeletal class II showed a significantly higher extension of the head upon the spinal column compared to children in skeletal class I and skeletal class III (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). This is probably because the lower part of their spinal column was straighter than those of subjects in skeletal class I and II (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Significant differences among the three groups were also observed in the inclination of maxillary and mandibular bases to the spinal column. The posture of the neck seems to be strongly associated with the sagittal as well as the vertical structure of the face.

Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗
PubMed2005

Nonoperative management of vertical C2 body fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and to describe the clinical results of the nonoperative management of vertical C2 body fractures. METHODS: An 8-year retrospective review of upper cervical spine injuries from the registry of a level I trauma center identified 21 patients with a vertical C2 body fracture. RESULTS: Sixteen coronally oriented Type 1 vertical C2 body fractures and 5 sagittally oriented Type 2 vertical C2 body fractures were identified. These fractures account for approximately 10% of the upper cervical spine fractures identified over this period of time. One elderly patient with a Type 1 fracture died as a result of pneumonia, and two patients with Type 2 fractures died from severe closed-head injuries. One patient had evidence of spinal cord injury. This was not related to the C2 body fracture but rather to a subaxial cervical spine injury. Of the surviving 18 patients, all were managed nonoperatively (with external orthoses) and showed evidence of fusion (union of fracture fragments) at the time of the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Vertical C2 body fractures are not rare injuries and can account for up to 10% of upper cervical spine injuries. In general, vertical C2 body fractures are amenable to nonoperative treatment with external orthoses.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Head posture and dentofacial morphology in subjects treated for scoliosis.

Head posture and dentofacial status of sixteen females and six males 12 to 34 years of age, who had been treated for scoliosis with a Boston-brace in their teens was investigated clinically and radiologically. When compared to an age and sex-matched sample the main findings were an increased craniocervical angle, particularly in frontal view; rotated orbital, maxillary and mandibular planes, a midline shift of the lower dental arch and a flattened atlas dorsal arch combined with an elongation of the dens axis. There was also a high prevalence of lateral malocclusions and developmentally missing premolars among the scoliotic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

Rheumatoid arthritis--atlanto-axial subluxation and its clinical presentation.

The clinical picture, radiological findings and treatment of 22 patients with atlantoaxial subluxation and rheumatoid arthritis are described. This lesion, untreated, may result in damage to the spinal cord, paresis or sudden death. Occipital headache, present in 13 of 22 patients, was often aggravated by working with the head in forward flexion. Paresthesias were present in six patients. The spine of the axis was often prominent. In three patients there was objective evidence of cord compression with sensory and/or pyramidal signs. In eight the lesion was asymptomatic and discovered by routine lateral radiography in flexion, the position of maximum subluxation.Conservative treatment involved the continuous use of a cervical collar to limit neck flexion. This usually relieved subjective symptoms including headaches. Successful surgical fixation was performed in two individuals. Surgical indications included acute or chronic cord compression or severe symptoms unrelieved by a collar.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The arterial blood supply of the cervical vertebrae of the ox (bos taurus l.).

The arterial supply to the cervical vertebrae of the ox was studied in 22 animals (Friesland, Jersey and Guernsey cross-breeds), ranging from near full-term foetuses to adults. Various techniques, including angiography and clearing of bone, were employed to expose the extra- and intraosseous distribution of the arteries and a description is given of a modified Spalteholtz clearing technique. The extraosseous nutrient arteries are described and illustrated. A uniform pattern emerged from the investigation and it is suggested that the main branches be named: (1) the artery of the vertebral arch; (b) the artery of the transverse process; (c) the basivertebral arteries. Frequent anastomoses between epi- and metaphysial vessels in young animals are reported, and stress is laid on the effective collateral supply maintained by the extra- and intraosseous nutrient vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cervicovertebral anomalies and basilar impression in Goldenhar syndrome.

Although previously unreported, neurologic compromise may occur secondary to anomalies of the cervical spine in the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum. Medical records and cephalograms were reviewed from 18 patients with classic Goldenhar syndrome and from 18 normal adults. One patient, a 22-year-old man, had experienced a 5-year history of progressive neurologic compromise from basilar impression; the remaining 17 patients were asymptomatic. Radiographic evidence of cervicovertebral fusion was documented in 11 of 18 patients (61 percent). Fusion occurred at every cervical level other than the atlantoaxial joint. Radiographic indices that characterize the cranial base were not significantly different between asymptomatic Goldenhar patients and normal adults. Posterior inclination of the odontoid with respect to the foramen magnum appears to be the best indicator that a patient is at risk for basilar impression. Careful radiographic evaluation may indicate which patients require more careful surveillance with periodic neurologic examination and CT and/or MRI scans.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthopedic complications of dwarfism.

Of 248 dwarfs with Achondroplasia, Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia, Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Diastrophic dwarfism, Morquio syndrome, and Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia Congenita, 85 were managed by orthopedic methods. Experience with bracing is generally unsatisfactory. Surgical lengthening of the lower extremities is not recommended. A number of other surgical procedures are advisable in selected cases.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1978

Atlanto-axial arthrodesis by the wedge compression method.

Fifteen patients with atlanto-axial instability (secondary to os odontoideum in three, nonunion of an odontoid fracture in seven, acute odontoid fracture in three, and rheumatoid arthirtis in two) were treated by wedge compression arthrodesis of the atlanto-axial joint. One patient died at home eight weeks after fusion with the cause of death never established. Of the two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ankylosing spondylitis), one had a non-union and in the other the posterior arch of the atlas fractured and the fusion had to be extended up to the occiput and down to the third cervical vertebra. The procedure is rarely indicated in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis or severe osteopenia.

Adult↗