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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Allozyme divergence and phylogenetic relationships among Capra, Ovis and Rupicapra (Artyodactyla, Bovidae).

Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships between the chamois (Rupicaprini, Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra) and three species of the Caprini (Capra aegagrus hircus, Capra ibex ibex and Ovis ammon musimon) have been studied by multilocus protein electrophoresis. Dendrograms have been constructed both with distance and parsimony methods. Goat, sheep and chamois pair-wise genetic distances had very similar values. All the topologies showed that Capra, Ovis and Rupicapra originate from the same internode, suggesting the hypothesis of a common, and almost contemporaneous, ancestor. The estimated divergence times among the three genera ranged from 5.28 to 7.08 Myr. These findings suggest the need to reconsider the evolutionary relationships in the Capriae.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Polycystic kidney and liver disease in Springbok: I. Morphology of the lesions.

Spontaneous polycystic kidney and liver disease in an inbred herd of Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) was studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and microdissection. Springbok are a small species of gazelle of the family Bovidae native to South Africa. Since 1976, 18% of all live calves born have had nephromegaly and died within 2 weeks of birth. Examination of kidney and liver from ten calves which had died or were sacrifices since 1978 revealed bilateral, symmetrical nephromegaly due to moderate to marked focal dilatation of tubules predominately in the outer zone of the medulla. Microdissection of renal tissue from three affected calves indicated polycystic kidneys had cysts in all of the bends of Henle's loops, over half of the ascending limbs, and about one fourth of the collecting ducts. All of these calves had proliferation and cystic dilatation of bile ducts in most hepatic portal areas. The bile ducts were irregularly dilated and confluent with only a slight increase in periductular connective tissue. Ultrastructural studies revealed no consistent changes in the basement membranes of either the renal or hepatic cysts. This disease has several features similar to the autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease in man and may prove a useful animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Mitochondrial DNA variation of the common hippopotamus: evidence for a recent population expansion.

Mitochondrial DNA control region sequence variation was obtained and the population history of the common hippopotamus was inferred from 109 individuals from 13 localities covering six populations in sub-Saharan Africa. In all, 100 haplotypes were defined, of which 98 were locality specific. A relatively low overall nucleotide diversity was observed (pi = 1.9%), as compared to other large mammals so far studied from the same region. Within populations, nucleotide diversity varied from 1.52% in Zambia to 1.92% in Queen Elizabeth and Masai Mara. Overall, low but significant genetic differentiation was observed in the total data set (F(ST) = 0.138; P = 0.001), and at the population level, patterns of differentiation support previously suggested hippopotamus subspecies designations (F(CT) = 0.103; P = 0.015). Evidence that the common hippopotamus recently expanded were revealed by: (i) lack of clear geographical structure among haplotypes, (ii) mismatch distributions of pairwise differences (r = 0.0053; P = 0.012) and site-frequency spectra, (iii) Fu's neutrality statistics (F(S) = -155.409; P < 0.00001) and (iv) Fu and Li's statistical tests (D* = -3.191; P < 0.01, F* = -2.668; P = 0.01). Mismatch distributions, site-frequency spectra and neutrality statistics performed at subspecies level also supported expansion of Hippopotamus amphibius across Africa. We interpret observed common hippopotamus population history in terms of Pleistocene drainage overflow and suggest recognising the three subspecies that were sampled in this study as separate management units in future conservation planning.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2004

Non-destructive analysis of the two subspecies of African elephants, mammoth, hippopotamus, and sperm whale ivories by visible and short-wave near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Visible (VIS) and short-wave near infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy was used for non-destructive analysis of ivories. VIS-SW-NIR (500-1000 nm) spectra were measured in situ for five kinds of ivories, that is two subspecies of African elephants, mammoth, hippopotamus, and sperm whale. Chemometrics analyses were carried out for the spectral data from 500 to 1000 nm region. The five kinds of ivories were clearly discriminated from each other on the scores plot of two principal components (PCs) obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). It was noteworthy that the ivories of the two subspecies of African elephants were discriminated by the scores of PC 1. The loadings plot for PC 1 showed that the discrimination relies on the intensity changes in bands due to collagenous proteins and water interacting with proteins. It was found that the scores plot of PC 2 is useful to distinguish between the ivories of the two subspecies of African elephants and the other ivories. We also developed a calibration model that predicted the specific gravity of five kinds of ivories from their VIS-SW-NIR spectral data using partial least squares (PLS)-1 regression. The correlation coefficient and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of this model were 0.960 and 0.037, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Camel myoglobin.

1. Crystalline myoglobin was prepared from camel heart muscle. 2. A method was developed for the isolation of myoglobin that employs molecular-sieve chromatography. 3. Analytical chromatography of the camel myoglobin on a molecular-sieve column and on two types of ion-exchange columns gave in each case a single elution band, which accounted for better than 98% recovery and showed that the product was free from haemoglobin. 4. The iron content on a dry weight basis was 0.308%. This value corresponds to a molecular weight of 18100. 5. The spectra of acidic ferrimyoglobin, basic ferrimyoglobin and ferrimyoglobin cyanide were measured. 6. The pK(a) of the dissociation of the haem-bound water molecule in acidic ferrimyoglobin was 8.53 at 25 degrees . 7. Conclusions are drawn about the charge on the surface of the camel ferrimyoglobin molecule as compared with horse and sperm-whale ferrimyoglobins.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid elongation products in muscle tissue of Sncerus caffer and other ruminant species.

The metabolic elongation products of both linoleic acid and linolenic acid were found in muscle tissues of Syncerus caffer and other ruminants. The acids with four double bonds were predominantly in the linoleic acid series, whereas the higher degrees of unsaturation, mainly five double bonds, were in the linolenic acid series. The total linoleic acid and linolenic acid groups were present in the relative proportions of about 4:1, in contrast with the fish oils, where the acids are mainly in the linolenic acid series. The consistent occurrence of members of both groups of acids in the animals studied here suggests to us that both may be important for structural purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

The isolation and partial characterization of ribonuclease A from Bison bison.

1. Bison ribonuclease was isolated from pancreas glands of Bison bison by acid extraction, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation, affinity chromatography on Sepharose-5'-(4-aminophenylphosphoryl)uridine 2',3'-phosphate and ion-exchange chromatography on Bio-Rex-70. 2. The selectivity of the affinity column towards bison ribonuclease in heterogeneous protein solutions was greatly improved by employing piperazine buffers at pH5.3, which decreased non-specific interactions of other proteins. Rapid desorption from the affinity column was obtained with sodium phosphate buffer (pH3). 3. Bison ribonuclease has a total amino acid content very similar to ox ribonuclease. Inactivation of bison ribonuclease with iodoacetic acid leads to the formation of 0.62 residues of pi-carboxymethylhistidine and 0.36 residues of tau-carboxymethylhistidine. The amino acid composition of peptides isolated from diagonal peptide ;maps' and also of peptides isolated after pH1.6 and 2.4 two-dimensional high-voltage electrophoresis of a digest of bison ribonuclease labelled with pyridoxal 5-phosphate indicates that there is complete homology between ox and bison ribonucleases. 4. The Schiff-base attachment site of pyridoxal 5-phosphate was identified as lysine-41 by NaBH(4) reduction followed by peptide isolation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗