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PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of liver membrane antibodies in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Circulating liver membrane antibodies (LMAb) were examined in 71 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) without liver dysfunction and 16 cases of KK mouse as a model of obese diabetic animals. LMAb were detected in 10 NIDDM patients (14.1%). Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum albumin (G-Alb), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) levels were compared with LMAb-positive and negative groups. The G-Alb levels and HbA1 levels of the LMAb-positive group were significantly higher (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) than those of the LMAb-negative group. In addition, there were no differences in histological findings in KK mouse liver between the LMAb-positive and negative cases. These results revealed that the state of continued high blood glucose directly or indirectly influence the autoimmunity and clinical features of NIDDM patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Serum and lacrimal proteins in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

The concentrations of seven proteins [albumin (Alb), immunoglobulins (IgG, A, M), lactoferrin (Lf), lysozyme (Lzm) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 m)] were measured in the tears and serum of 10 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in 13 normal subjects. In the AIDS group, alteration of the blood-lacrimal barrier was revealed by the high Alb clearance. In this group also, the significantly high IgG, IgA, IgM and beta 2 m concentrations indicated a systemic and local immune response, with passive transfer of these proteins from serum to tears. However, Lf and Lzm concentrations were normal, showing that the secretory activity of the lacrimal gland remained unchanged.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[A screening index for primary hyperparathyroidism using discriminant functions].

In order to obtain a useful screening index for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), seven patients with PHPT and fifty-one patients with nonparathyroid hypercalcemia (NPHC) were studied retrospectively. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate (IP), alkaline phosphatase, albumin (Alb), chloride (Cl), total protein, urea nitrogen and creatinine (Cre) were analyzed at the same time. Discriminant analysis using a stepwise variable select method was applied to these patients. A discriminant function (F 1) was derived from three laboratory tests; F 1 = -0.660 x [IP] + 0.142 x [Cl] + 0.564 x [Alb] - 14.4 (PHPT: F 1 greater than 0.641). F 1 had sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 72.5% (14 false positives) in diagnosing PHPT. Next, another discriminant function (F 2) was derived from PHPT and the false positive patients; F 2 = -2.61 x [IP] + 0.286 x [Cl] - 4.24 x [Cre] - 19.3 (PHPT: F 2 greater than 0.412). When F 2 was applied to positive patients by F 1, final sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 98%. This screening method was tested prospectively in fifty-six consecutive samples of hypercalcemia (PHPT 4, NPHC 52), resulting in sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98%. It was proved that our screening method using two step discriminant functions was very useful to diagnose PHPT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Experimental paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)--studies on biochemical parameters in cattle.

Ten male Holstein-Friesian calves naturally infected by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were experimentally re-infected orally at an average of 17 days. Monthly measurements were conduced of the following activities, in the period between post infection days 160 and 400: total protein (TPR), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIG), Zn and Cu concentrations as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALD). TPR, ALB, TRIG, and CHOL were reduced by day 400, in conjunction with disorders of digestion and absorption. Increased activities of CK, ALD, LDH, alpha-HBDH, AST and ALT primarily indicated damage to skeletal muscle and/or liver. Serum CK and ALD activities as well as TRIG and TPR concentrations may serve as aids to specific diagnosis of paratuberculosis, particularly in the advanced stage of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The alterations of serum colloid osmotic pressure, serum protein and water balance during prolonged anesthesia].

The changes of serum colloid osmotic pressure (COPm), serum protein and water balance were examined in 9 patients during and for 2 weeks after operation which required prolonged anesthesia. The values of serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb) and COPm decreased by about 17% three hours after the start of anesthesia and by 15%, 20% and 24%, respectively, after 18 hours. These values returned to each preoperative value about one week after the operation. The correlation coefficients (the values in parentheses were calculated using data obtained during anesthesia) comparing COPm to TP, Alb and calculated colloid osmotic pressure (Landis' equation) were 0.661 (0.710), 0.480 (0.649) and 0.666 (0.727). There was no correlation between COPm and water balance. When COPm was 17.5mmHg or lower, calculated colloid osmotic pressure value was higher than COPm as the Alb/TP ratio decreased. Decreases in the values of COPm and serum protein during operation were considered to have been caused mainly by increased capillary permeability.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase isoenzyme forms and lipoproteins in normal and pathological sera.

The molecular nature of serum (from normal subjects and from patients affected by various hepatobiliary diseases) gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) isoenzymes has been studied by selective lipoprotein precipitation. Some fractions co-precipitate with LDL + VLDL (pre-beta-, beta-, beta/gamma-, gamma-, and dep-GGT fractions) or with HDL (partial precipitation of alpha 1-GGT in cirrhosis). Alpha 1-GGT + alpha 2-GGT in normal subjects, and Alb-GGT did not precipitate with either of the precipitation treatments. Total GGT and its isoenzymes were stable at 4 degrees C and at -20 degrees C for at least 20 days, with the exception of Alb-GGT which at -20 degrees C decreased by 20%. The percentage of GGT associated with LDL + VLDL appeared to be a possible marker to discriminate liver tumors from cirrhosis. A cut-off value of 20 U/L of this marker yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 87% and a diagnostic specificity of 85%.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1986

[Postoperative nutritional assessment in gastric and colorectal cancer].

From the 200 malnutritional cancer patients, we had obtained, so called, prognostic nutritional index (PNI): PNI = 10 X Alb. + 0.005 Lymph. C., where Alb. is serum albumin level (g/dl) and Lymph. C. is total lymphocytes count of peripheral blood level. This index, as we had reported, shows linear predictive model correlating the risk of operative complication, mortality or both with nutritional status. In this study, we report on the utility of the PNI as a nutritional index (NI) for postoperative patients. The subjects of this study were 22 gastric cancer patients (G group), performed total gastrectomy or proximal gastrectomy, and 18 colorectal cancer patients (C group), underwent colectomy or rectal resection and anastomosis but amputation. All these cases underwent nutritional support by TPN postoperatively. The values of NI of both groups were the lowest at the first postoperative day, and increased gradually to the seventh postoperative day. And the value of C group was higher than that of G group throughout the TPN period: From the first postoperative day to the 14th day. These results reflected the result obtained from the estimation of nitrogen balance, urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion and serum rapid turnover protein (transferrin, prealbumin and retinol binding protein). These results suggest that the NI is useful to estimate the improvement of the postoperative nutritional status.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Heparinization reduces endothelial permeability and hydrogen ion accumulation in a canine skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion model.

Skeletal muscle injury after revascularization (ischemia-reperfusion) continues to be a major clinical problem. Although heparinization has been recommended, its action in an experimental model of I-R has not been evaluated. We investigated the ability of heparinization to decrease I-R injury in 10 anesthetized dogs (nonheparinized, n = 5; heparinized, n = 5), subjecting one gracilis muscle to 6 hours of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion while the identically prepared contralateral muscle served as a nonischemic control. Skeletal muscle infarction was determined by Tc-PYP uptake. Endothelial permeability was quantified by measurement of skeletal muscle 125I-Alb activity after intravenous injection. Interstitial hydrogen ion (H+) accumulation was determined by a miniature pH electrode inserted into the gracilis muscle. Isotopic activities from the ischemic muscle were calculated as a percentage of the contralateral nonischemic muscle (mean +/- SEM). Nonheparinized ischemic muscles had an increase in the activities of Tc-PYP and 125I-Alb of 684% +/- 149% and 742% +/- 130%, which were reduced to 218% +/- 54% and 378% +/- 85% by heparinization, respectively (p less than 0.05). During ischemia, the nonheparinized muscles accumulated 1223 +/- 121 nmol of H+ compared with 785 +/- 95 nmol in the heparinized animals (p less than 0.01). This significant reduction in I-R injury may be causally related to diminished endothelial permeability and H+ accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Variations in plasma thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) in relation to other circulating proteins in post-operative patients during rapid oral refeeding.

Variations in plasma thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) were investigated in 15 well-nourished patients who underwent minor orthopaedic surgery and resumed normal oral feeding on the first post-operative day. TBPA fluctuations were analysed together with those of other nutritional and inflammatory markers including albumin (ALB), some acute-phase reactant proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid also named alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein (alpha 1GP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) as well as cortisol and haematocrit. Measurements were conducted the day before operation, after the administration of anaesthesia, 2 h after the patient regained consciousness and then daily for a period of one week (days 1 to 7). Assays showed that TBPA and ALB levels began to decline by day 1 reaching minimum values by day 3 (with 35 and 15 per cent total decreases respectively compared to the initial levels). CRP levels began to rise on day 1 reaching maximum levels by day 2, alpha 1 GP and alpha 1 AT started to increase on day 1 and 2 respectively and displayed maximum concentrations by day 3. Cortisol, on the other hand, showed a rapid, yet short-lived increase after the patient regained consciousness on the day of operation. Haematocrit levels decreased from day 1 to day 3 and these low values were maintained until the end of the study. Aside from cortisol and CRP, the initial levels of the other parameters were not yet restored by day 7. These results show that despite an early return to normal oral feeding in post-operative patients, the commonly observed pattern of variation in TBPA levels persisted, indicating that such a pattern seems to be mainly influenced by stress-induced post-operative responses rather than by nutritional supply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of maintaining normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure on renal function and excretion of sodium and water after major surgery. A randomized study.

A prospective, randomized study of patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery was undertaken to determine the effects of maintaining normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COPp) on postoperative renal function and excretion of water and electrolytes. Two groups of 13 patients were given whole blood transfusions to replace blood loss. One group (ALB) received 80 g albumin on the day of operation and 20 g albumin the following three days. The other group (NON-ALB) received no extra albumin. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change significantly from preoperative values on the first or fourth postoperative day in any of the groups. The differences between the groups were non-significant. COPp could not be correlated to either GFR or sodium or fluid balances. Postoperative sodium and water retention was found to depend on the amount of infused sodium. Unexplained fluid shifts to a "third space" did not occur. Administration of albumin in addition to quantitative blood loss replacement is unnecessary and expensive.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

[Pre- and post-operative changes of serum proteins in renal cancer patients].

Using a micro-single radial immunodiffusion method, quantitative studies have been made on the serum proteins of 30 renal cancer patients; 15 patients without metastasis and 15 patients with metastasis, and expressed by percentage of those obtained on 98 normal volunteers regarded as 100%. Of 45 proteins studied, 4 (Pre, Alb, alpha 2HS and Tf) significantly decreased and 10 (alpha 1AT, alpha 1AG, alpha 1X, Hp, Cp, C9, C5, beta 2III, C4 and C3PA) significantly increased before nephrectomy in both patient groups. In postoperative follow-up studies of the non-metastasis patient group, Pre, Alb and alpha 2HS increased, while alpha 1AT, alpha 1AG, Hp, C9, C5, beta 2III, C4 and C3PA decreased, and normal levels were attained within 6 months after nephrectomy. In the metastasis patient group, no significant changes of these serum proteins were observed. Serum proteins showing significant difference between the 2 patient groups were more prominent 6 months after nephrectomy, namely, the majority of the dysproteinemia caused by the presence of renal cancer did not disappear even 1 month after extirpation of the tumor. alpha 1AT was normalized 1 month after nephrectomy at a highly significant difference, P less than 0.001, and considered one of the promising proteins in terms of clinical course evaluation. As a new finding, renal cancer group with metastasis showed a decrease of FN postoperatively suggesting increase of a fibrin deposition and fibrinogen metabolism in cancer tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

[Calculation of the IgG fraction of cerebrospinal fluid locally synthesized in the central nervous system (author's transl)].

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum concentration ratios of immunoglobulin G and albumin were determined for a group of n = 334 control patients. The correlation coefficient relating the two quotients was r = 0.71. The regression line was found to be y = 0.41 x + 0.00014. For statistical and functional reasons it is plausible that the theoretical line should go through the origin. The ocrresponding function would than be y = 0.43 x. The confidence range of the IgG quotient (y) for a given albumin quotient (x) is characterised by +/- 2 Sy.x = +/- 0.001 (Sy.x is the standard deviation of the y values from the regression line). If the IgG quotient is evaluated for the individual albumin ratio of the patient, the following formula can be used for calculation of the locally synthesized concentration of pathological IgG (IgGp) in CSF: IgGp = IgG(CSF) - (0.43 Alb(Serum)-Alb(CSF) + 0.001) . IgG(Serum). This method of determination is independent of the variables which are known to influence the individe, sex, individual blood brain barrier condition, extraction volume of CSF and the method used for protein determination. In comparison with other methods, particularly with respect to the statistics and biochemistry, the reported formula allows an optimal evaluation of pathological IgG values in CSF.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[gamma-Glutamyltransferase activity of different sections of the vertebrate brain].

The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTF; EC 2.3.2.2) has been measured in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, hippocamp and brain stem of mature wild and laboratory rodents (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus, var. alb., Ochotona pusilla, Mesocricetus auratus, Clethrionimus glareolis, Mus musculus. var. alb.), as well as in homogenates of the whole brain of the tortoise Testudo horsfieldi, frog Rana temporaria and loach Misgurnus fossilis. In wild rodents the activity of GGTF was found to be higher than in laboratory ones. GGTF activity in the brain of warm-blooded animals is higher than that in the brain of the tortoise, frog and loach.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A new B-cell alloantigen of the rat].

The major histocompatibility complex of the rat (RTl) is composed of at least five subregions. They are RTl-A,B,C,D and E regions. RTl-A,E and RTl-B,D regions encode class I and class II alloantigens, respectively. The RTl-C region encodes antigens which are similar to class I alloantigens and they are the homologue of mouse Qa-Tla antigens. A monoclonal antibody (X81-5C9) was produced against a rat B-cell leukemia, KNL-14. The KNL-14 cells were injected to a congenic rat, WKA. 1A(ACI). Spleen cells taken from the congenic rat were hybridized with mouse myeloma cell line P3.X63.Ag8.653. The monoclonal antibody lysed over 80% of nylon wool (N. W) adherent cells of lymph nodes, 25-30% of unseparated lymph node cells and/or spleen cells, and approximately 15-20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes of WKAH strain of rats. Only a portion (30-40%) of N. W. adherent cells of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was killed. Bone marrow cells, thymus cells and N. W. nonadherent cells were not lysed by the antibody. Macrophages, fetus, thymus and kidney homogenates could absorb the reactivity, whereas RBC, epidermal cells, brain, liver, testis could not absorb the cytotoxicity. A survey for the strain distribution of the antigen disclosed positive strains such as WKAH, W/Hok, LEJ, WKA. 1J (LEJ), ALB, WKA. 1B (ALB), BUF, BN, LEW, F344, W. 1L (F344) and KYN rats. The negative strains were NIG-III, WF, WKA. 1U WF), SDJ, W. 1U (SDJ), TO, W. 1T(TO), ACI, WKA. 1A(ACI), BDIX, WKA. 1DV1 (BDIX) and PVG/c rats. Immunochemically, the antibody precipitated antigens that gave two major bands on the SDS-PAGE. The heavy chain has an apparent molecular weight of 30 KD, which shifted to 33 KD under reducing conditions. The light chain has an apparent molecular weight of 12 KD. From these data a monoclonal antibody X81-5C9 is considered to detect a rat MHC (RTl) gene product which is different from the classic class I or class II cell surface antigens. It may be one of RTl-C antigens expressed mainly on B-cells. The characteristic feature of rat RTl-C antigens were discussed in relation to mouse Qa-Tla antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of energy administration on the amino acid level in the postoperative phase].

A total of 34 cancer patients, all of them subjected to radical surgery of the stomach or large bowel were studied. Group I (n = 5) received during the first postoperative days total parenteral nutrition with a caloric support of 35-45 kcal/kg/day and 12,5 gr N in a 8,5% L-aminoacid solution (Freamine II). Group II (n = 9) received an isotonic solution of 3% L-aminoacid without caloric support. Serum amino acids (AA) were determined daily (Perkin-Elmer KLA-1 Analyzer), as well as nitrogen balance (NB) and serum albumin (Alb) on the preoperative, 1st, and 6th postoperative day: Both groups experienced a progressive increase of serum AA during the period of study. Group II showed levels of branched-AA significantly higher than group I, as well as the total of essential-AA. MET, GLY and PHE were considerably elevated in both groups. ALA did not change in group I showing subnormal values in group II. NB was significantly higher in group I, but none of the groups studied has recovered the initial values of Alb after six days of treatment.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Nutritional assessment of patients with esophageal cancer. "Nutritional Assessment Index (NAI)" to estimate nutritional conditions in pre-and postoperative period].

We studied on 66 patients with esophageal cancer with preoperative enteral hyperalimentation by elemental diet, comparing with 64 patients without it, and the following results were obtained; Items such as TP, Alb, etc. in surviving patients, as well as those who died within 3 months, were worse immediately before operation than those at the time of admission when neither TPN nor ED was yet in use. In 35 of 66 patients, there were significant differences between the patients with or without postoperative complications, and who were died after surgery, in arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF), arm muscle circumference (AMC), albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and PPD skin test. From the studies of about 60 items with the computer, the index as follow were obtained. Nutritional Assessment Index (NAI) = 2.64 AC + 0.6 PA + 3.76 RBP + 0.017 PPD - 53.8 Nutritional status of the patients was divided retrospectively broadly to three groups, good (NAI greater than or equal to 60), intermediate (60 greater than NAI greater than or equal to 40), and poor (40 greater than NAI) in preoperative period. The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality rates were reflected significantly in NAI. NAI would be useful to know prospectively the probability of all kinds of postoperative complications as well as estimating the nutritional assessment.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients].

Based on assessment of 200 malnourished cancer patients of digestive organs, a multiparameter index of nutritional status was defined to relating the risk of postoperative complications to base line nutritional status. The linear predictive model relating the risk of operative complication, mortality or both to nutritional status is given by the relation: prognostic nutritional index (PNI) = 10 Alb. + 0.005 Lymph. C., where Alb. is serum albumin level (g/100 ml) and Lymph. C. is total lymphocytes count/mm3 peripheral blood. When applied prospectively to 189 gastrointestinal surgical patients those who were malnourished and treated by TPN preoperatively, this index provided an accurate, quantitative estimate of operative risk. In general, resection and anastomosis of gastrointestinal tract can be safely practiced when the index is over 45. The same procedure may be dangerous between 45 and 40. In below 40, this kind of operation may be contraindicated. The prognostic nutritional index is useful also to know the prognosis of patients with terminal cancer. Despite practicing TPN to cancer patients with near terminal stages, if the PNI remains below 40 and total lymphocytes count remains below 1,000/mm3, the patients has high possibility to die within the next two months.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

[Evaluation of three commercial kits for the estimation of total glycolysed hemoglobin: Hb Al (author's transl)].

It has been demonstrated by numerous workers that variations in levels of glycolysed hemoglobins Hb Al (Alb, Alb, Alc) are an excellent means of control of the quality of diabetes control. The estimation of the main glycolysed hemoglobin (Hb Alc) is very difficult, and various chromatographic methods have been developed to permit rapid estimation of all these glycolysed hemoglobins. Our work consisted of testing the three microcolumn kits on the french market: Isolab, Helena and Biorad. The great thermo-dependency of the first two kits did not permit us to obtain results in correlation with those of our reference technic derived from Trivelli's method. On the other hand, the levels of Hb Al obtained with the Biorad kit were perfectly correlated with the levels of Hb Alc. The average normal of Hb Al was 6,45 +/- 0,66 p. cent, CV 10,2 p. cent; the average value of Hblc was 5,4 +/- 0,4 p. cent. CV 7,4 p. cent. The average levels of Hb A obtained in diabetic subjects was 12 p. cent, the levels of Hblc being 10 p. cent. Certain restrictions in the use of these microcolumns were demonstrated: presence of Hb F or abnormal Hb, hyperlipemia and presence of chylomicrons.

Adolescent↗