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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Acute abdomen due to a right-sided strangulated traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Case report].

Traumatic rupture of diaphragm is sometimes diagnosed many years after the traumatic event. Due to the silent nature of diaphragmatic injuries, the diagnosis is easily missed or difficult. We describe a rare case of right diaphragmatic hernia, in which the diagnosis was made many years after the trauma. The incidence of right diaphragmatic hernia is about 11-14% of all diaphragmatic hernias. The patient showed acute hernia of the small intestine and was treated with resection of the intestinal loop and repair of breakthrough by suture. The diagnosis was made with a standard X-ray of thorax and abdomen. CT scan and NMR give more accurate information in these cases. The surgical repair is the treatment of choice in all traumatic diaphragmatic hernias.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2006

[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting a subcutaneous mass in the lower abdomen: a case report].

A 72-year-old female presented with the complaint of left lower abdominal swelling in May, 2005. Laboratory analysis revealed elevated white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein. Abdominal computed tomography showed left ureteral calculi, left hydronephrosis and a mass extending through the perinephric space, psoas major muscle into the left flank and lower abdomen. Echo-guided needle mass biopsy was performed. Histopathological findings revealed xanthogranulomatous changes. Under the diagnosis of diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis extended into psoas muscle and subcutaneous tissue, antibiotic therapy was given for 5 months. After reduction of subcutaneous mass, left nephroureterectomy was performed. Histopathological findings revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and ureteritis. Postoperative course was uneventful without any relapse of inflammation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

[Acute abdomen caused by a large vesical cystine calculus].

A 73-year-old man underwent an emergency laparotomy because of acute abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the lower abdomen. A giant vesical calculus was found which had perforated the bladder, small intestine and sigmoid colon due to pressure necrosis. The stone had a length of 11.5 cm and weighed 1280 g. Further analysis revealed benign prostate hyperplasia, bladder diverticula and cystinuria as underlying causes. Initial therapy consisted of stone removal, partial bladder resection, a Hartmann procedure and partial resection of the small intestine. Secondarily, lifestyle advice was given and transurethral resection of the prostate followed later.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric abdomen.

In many ways, MRI of the pediatric abdomen is in its infancy. Motion will be a problem with most of the current pulse sequences, but the problem appears manageable given many of the newer software options for motion suppression. Faster pulse sequences (approaching CT scan times) will serve to improve image quality and reduce the need for sedation. Identification of a reliable enteric contrast agent probably will expand the current utility of MRI beyond evaluation of solid abdominal viscera. Although preliminary results appear promising, controlled comparative studies are necessary to determine the exact role of MRI in diagnosis and staging of common pediatric abdominal malignancies. The addition of MRI intravenous contrast agents and MR spectroscopy are anticipated to add depth and specificity to the diagnostic potential of this exciting modality.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Acute abdomen due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. A study of 2 cases].

Report of two cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. In both cases the presentation was an acute abdomen syndrome. The etiological diagnosis was postoperative, because in the preoperative period there were no data characteristic of this entity. Probably this disease is more frequent than reported and although the treatment is medical, there are some cases in which surgery is justified.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

[Fungal lesions of the organs of the upper abdomen].

The authors report on 14 cases of fungal parenchymal infections of the abdomen detected with CT and/or US in immunodepressed patients. Image patterns and the capabilities of the two diagnostic techniques are analyzed in the early detection of fungal lesions. CT was the first-choice examination, followed by US, in 9 patients; laboratory tests followed in 3 cases; US was performed first (and CT second) in 1 patient; finally, US alone was performed in 1 patient. The information yielded by CT and that given by US overlapped in 8/9 cases: in the extant patient, US demonstrated multiple fungal microabscesses of liver, while CT was negative, probably due to low liver density. CT patterns were multiple, small and round nonenhanced areas. Since the indiscriminate administration of intravenous contrast medium is unsuitable, CT cannot be performed first. On the other hand, in several patients liver CT with no contrast medium gave the same results for venous and fungal lesions. Compared with CT, US is a safer technique which is easier to perform and to evaluate. Therefore, US should be the exam of choice in immunodepressed patients with suspected fungal lesions. US is likely to demonstrate, in most cases, a pathologic condition (fungal microabscesses) as well as vascular and biliary anatomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Acute abdomen in diagnostic delay of (congenital and traumatic) diaphragmatic hernia in childhood].

The article reports on three patients with an acute abdomen based on late-presenting diaphragmatic hernia past the neonatal period. Two patients showed a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the third an acquired diaphragmatic hernia caused by rupture. Diagnosis was made by conventional X-rays, partly with contrast studies. In the literature, the late-presenting diaphragmatic hernia varies between 5% and 31%. Infants present mainly respiratory symptoms, older children mostly gastrointestinal complaints. Radiologic misdiagnosis varies between 12% and 70%.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

[Strategy in acute abdomen].

The most important measure in assessing the acute abdomen is the selection of the patients requiring urgent operation. Hitherto, the patient's history and careful physical examination by an experienced surgeon have formed the basis for decision making and management. Provided adequate experience is available, ultrasonography is considered helpful in certain cases. Special laboratory tests and extensive equipment-related measures should be applied only following specific questioning.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance angiography in the abdomen and pelvis.

Magnetic resonance angiography of the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is still under clinical investigation. This article represents a short review of the current literature in the subject, with emphasis on newer imaging techniques such as two-dimensional and three-dimensional gradient-echo pulse sequences, their current and future clinical applications, and their practical limitations. If the preliminary results hold up, MR angiography may become a standard tool for the evaluation of vascular disorders such as portal hypertension and renal artery stenosis, particularly in conjunction with quantitative measurements of blood flow. The published results making use of MR angiography either alone or in combination with quantitative MR flow measurements in the aorta, the portal system, and in femoral and iliac artery disease are very promising indeed. However, the studies published still comprise a very limited number of patients, and there is a paucity of well-controlled clinical studies applying standardized techniques to a large number of subjects.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Pedicle torsion, hemorrhagic ovarian infarct. A rare cause of pediatric acute abdomen].

The most common cause of acute abdomen in a child is acute appendicitis followed by mesenteric lymphadenitis, invagination, strangulation-ileus as a result of volvulus and more rarely perforated Meckel's diverticulum. However even with a child, from a differential diagnosis' aspect, a gynaecological cause should be taken in account too. From time to time one comes across a polycystic-alterated, with twisted lig. ovarii, haemorrhagic and infarctioned ovary without any endocrinological or other pathological irregularities which produces these complaints and symptoms. In the following casuistic such an instance is described.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1990

ACTH-induced adrenal hemorrhage: a complication of therapy masquerading as an acute abdomen.

Four patients developed adrenal hemorrhage during treatment with intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This complication presented suddenly with upper abdominal and flank pain mimicking an acute surgical abdomen. In each patient the symptoms of the underlying bowel disease had subsided under the ACTH therapy. In our first patient the diagnosis was not made until laparotomy, but in the subsequent three patients the diagnosis was suspected by the strikingly similar clinical presentation. In each of these three latter patients the diagnosis was confirmed by sonography or computed tomography (CT) scan, and surgery was avoided. All four of our patients are doing well at 1-58 months of follow-up. Signs of adrenal insufficiency occurred only in the one of our four patients, and in those six of 11 previously reported patients, who had bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. ACTH-induced adrenal hemorrhage requires stopping ACTH and maintaining corticosteroid support. The diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage should be considered in the patient treated with ACTH who develops unexplained acute abdominal or flank pain. Failure to recognize this complication of ACTH therapy can lead to unnecessary surgery or the dangerous continuation of the offending agent.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the radiation lesion in exposure of the anterior abdomen in dogs and the effect of modifying factors].

A comparative study was made of the effect of gamma/neutron and X-radiation on the forepart of dog abdomen. The RBE coefficient was found to depend upon body mass and to range from 1.3 to 1.5. The exclusion of the sympathetic nervous system before irradiation was shown to aggravate the clinical condition and to increase the death rate. On the contrary, the exclusion of the parasympathetic nervous system before irradiation and gastric lavage after irradiation improved the clinical picture of radiation sickness and increased the radioresistance of dogs.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Color flow Doppler sonography of the abdomen.

This paper reviews recent developments in color flow Doppler sonography of the abdomen reported from October 1989 to September 1990. Areas of focus include instrumentation and technical considerations, and current clinical applications.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory function in patients immediately after surgery of the thorax or upper abdomen].

The study deals with the patients in the first postoperative hour following the operation in the upper abdomen or thorax. We considered the respiratory function of the patients in the first postoperative hour and how the respiratory function is influenced by the residua of general anesthesia at that time. Statistically significant decrease of postoperative SaO2 values was found and many patients were hypoxemic after the operation. We found decreased minute ventilation in the first postoperative hour in both groups of patients. Anyway the minute ventilation was more decreased in the abdominal group of patients who recovered from intravenous anesthesia. The conscience as well was more slowly returned to the patients in the abdominal group. In the first 30 minutes more abdominal patients suffered from the muscular weakness following intraoperative relaxation. But this first half an hour after the operation they had satisfactory level of analgesia left. To the contrary the postoperative pain was more severe in the thoracal group of patients. Postoperative gas exchange was more often and more seriously disturbed in the thoracal group of patients who in majority suffered from previous lung disease, which means they had greater ventilation/perfusion imbalance and greater right to left shunt. In the abdominal group only the patients who had relatively short intravenous anesthesia were found hypoxemic in the first postoperative hour. We think that in these patients the gas exchange abnormalities immediately after the operation are also caused by the hypoventilation which often follows general anesthesia.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

[Perforated cecum diverticulum as cause for acute abdomen].

Perforation of a solitary cecal diverticulum is a rare cause of acute abdomen and an uncommon differential diagnosis for acute appendicitis. Nine hundred cases have been described since Potiers first description in 1912, either localized in the cecum or in the ascending colon. A further case and its course are described.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1990

[Sonographic localization of the kidneys for the purpose of radiation treatment of the abdomen: how accurate is this method?].

In 31 patients, the kidneys were located with ultrasonography before urography was carried out. The projection of the medial, lateral, cranial and caudal margins of the kidney were marked on the patient's back with a pellet. On X-ray film, the mean distance between the pellet and margin of the kidney varied from 0.12 to 1.13 cm; nevertheless the standard deviations were high (up to 2.63 cm). In 11 patients, more than one-third of the kidney was located outside the sonographically determined borders; on the left side this happened in 10 patients. We conclude that sonographical localization of the kidneys for protection during irradiation of the abdomen should only be used when other localization procedures cannot be carried out.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

[Acute abdomen due to hemoperitoneum as the first manifestation of a liver tumor. Report of four cases (author's transl)].

Four cases of spontaneous acute hemoperitoneum due to rupture of a liver tumor are presented. The resulting acute abdomen was the first manifestation of the neoplasia. The four tumors corresponded histopathologically to a cavernous hemangioma, a bening adenoma related to anabolizing androgens, and two hepatocarcinomas in cirrhotic livers. All of the patients presented abdominal pain and shock, the characteristics of which are described in this report. One of the patients died due to cardiac arrest before surgical treatment. Emergency surgery was performed on the other three, consisting of left hepatic lobectomy and ligature of the hepatic artery for the hemengioma, and segmented hepatectomy for the adenoma and the hepatocarcinoma. Only the patient with benign tumor survived. Lastly, the authors review the literature, commenting on the clinical, physiopathologic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects.

Abdomen, Acute↗