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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Study on the working noise in BYPC and the effects caused by working noise on the workers' vestibular and auditory function].

OBJECTIVE: In order to observe the kinds and intensity of the working noise of Yansan Petrochemical Co. and the effects caused by the working noise on the workers' vestibular and auditory function. METHOD: The intensity and frequency of the working noise were recorded by exactolnoisemeter in the workshop. One hundred and seventeen workers were tested in routine pure-tone tested method. The SPVN and ABR were tested within fifty-one workers of all. RESULT: The working noise of Yansan Petrochemical Co. belongs to the broad band and steady noise. The intensity of the working noise were during 85.7-104.0 dB(A) and the main frequency were during 1-8 kHz. About 59 percent workers who exposed to the working noise had hearing loss. The most hearing-loss were in the high frequency. The hearing-loss of speech frequency were slight. Workers who have more six years standing have obviously increased hearing-loss than the workers who have less five years standing. There were significant differences the ABR thresholds and wave-interval between the tested and controlled groups. The SPVN and CP were abnormal in more than 17.4 percent workers with hearing loss. CONCLUSION: The working noise of Yansan Petrochemical Co. belongs to the broad band and steady noise. Working noise can lead to workers' hearing loss of certain degrees who exposed in the noise for a long time. Obvious correlation was not defined between the hearing-loss and the abnormal vestibular response group.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The exercise-induced oxidative stress paradox: the effects of physical exercise training.

BACKGROUND: Although physical exercise training is highly recommended, physical exercise causes oxidative stress, which is potentially injurious. This study evaluates this 'exercise paradox' by evaluating the effect of physical exercise on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation. METHODS: Measurement of lipid peroxidation (ie, expired ethane and pentane and plasma malondealdehyde) taken during cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing were compared between a group of 10 cardiac patients who underwent physical exercise training in a cardiac rehabilitation setting and a group of 10 nonexercising cardiac patients. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that physical exercise training increased physical work capacity without a concomitant increase in expired markers of lipid peroxidation (ethane and pentane) and decreased malondealdehyde levels. CONCLUSIONS: Because physical exercise-trained people can perform more intense physical work with less oxidative stress, we conclude that physical exercise training can reduce potential chronic health effects associated with daily activities by contributing to an overall reduction in exercise-induced free radical production.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis of occupational origin: apropos of 2 cases].

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (E.A.A.) is an immunological disorder caused by inhalation of various etiological agents (vegetable and animal dusts, fungi, organic simple chemicals) mostly present in work environment. Intensive and prolonged occupational exposure to antigens dimensionally able to reach peripheral airways, where they bring about their immunological effects, allows to consider hypersensitivity pneumonitis as a typical work-related disease. The wide range of pathological findings and evolution of E.A.A. often imply difficulty in diagnosis inspite of availability of diagnostic consolidated criteria. The integrated assessment of history and physical findings, radiological features, pulmonary functions tests, and specific and aspecific immunological data, often allows to make diagnostical conclusion without use of invasive methods (BAL and lung biopsy). In this note we refer two cases of E.A.A. occurred respectively in agricultural and industrial environment, whom etiological and evolutive features suggest an occupational pathogenesis. The first one is a typical "farmer's lung", the second one a hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a cheese washer. The diagnosis was performed by means of historical, clinical, radiological and pulmonary functional outcomes. In the first case specific serum precipitins against M. Faeni were present, in the second one the immunological pathogenesis of the pneumonitis was demonstrated by means of bronchial lavage cytological data and serum IgG dosage. In both cases the removal from specific antigen exposure and the prolonged steroid treatment induced symptomatological regression and complete recovery of functional tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of exposure to genotoxicants in a foundry.

The mutagenicity of acetone extracts of airborne particles sampled during two seasons at different work sites in a foundry and of foundry workers' urine concentrates was determined by the Salmonella plate incorporation assay. In general, the ambient concentration of particles did not correlate with the air mutagenicity at different work sites. The considerable seasonal variation in the mass concentration of fumes and/or dust and in the airborne particles and air mutagenicity, was apparently related to changes in the intensity of work at some work sites. Because of confounding with smoking, urine mutagenicity was not found suitable for assessment of individual exposure, even though at a group level some correlation in mutagenicity was observed between the air at specific work sites and the workers' urine.

Acetone↗
PubMed2003

Intensive care admission decisions for a patient with limited survival prospects: a questionnaire and database analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the concept of futility by asking clinicians for estimates of survival and admission decisions for an intensive care unit patient with little chance of survival, and to compare these estimates with results from an intensive care database. DESIGN: Questionnaire based on the presenting features of a genuine patient. It asked for estimated hospital survival, decision on intensive care admission, resuscitation status and importance of family views. Analysis of a regional intensive care database. SETTING: Physicians working in British intensive care units. PARTICIPANTS: We received 169 replies, 146 from consultants. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Median estimated hospital survival was 5%; 60% of consultants and 76% of trainees would have admitted the patient, with 9% and 14%, respectively, prepared to perform further cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Among those estimating survival probability as less than 1%, 17.2% would have admitted the patient. Family opinions were vital to 4.3% of respondents and unimportant to 9.8%. There were 251 patients in the database with similar physiological derangements. Their observed hospital mortality was 91%. At intensive care admission an admitting physician assessed 111 of these patients as 'expected to die'. Mortality in this group was 99.1% (one survivor). CONCLUSIONS: Experienced intensivists did not agree on estimated survival. Even when estimates agreed, admission decisions varied. Database analysis suggested that clinical judgement is relevant when assessing the risk of dying. Lack of consensus on survival estimates and admission decisions suggests that it would be difficult to achieve agreement on appropriate use of intensive care resources and on what constitutes futile treatment.

Critical Illness↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors for hypertension and diabetes mellitus in metallurgic and siderurgic company's workers.

OBJECTIVE: To study the factors associated with arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in a metal and steel industry's workers with units in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, using a hierarchical risk model. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. We obtained information on demographic, occupational and lifestyle variables, in addition to the lipid profile, fasting glycemia and blood pressure of 3,777 employees, and we carried out descriptive statistical analysis and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of AH was 24.7% and the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that male gender and age above 40 years presented statistically significant risk. Regardless of demographic characteristics, working in the metal industry, intense stress at work, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, body mass index above 25, altered cholesterol and altered triglycerides were associated with AH. The prevalence of DM was 11.5% and the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that male gender and age above 40 years presented statistically significant risk. Regardless of demographic characteristics, the same conditions were associated with DM. CONCLUSION: The data evidenced that workers above 40 years are a priority for intervention actions aimed at improving the prevention of these two conditions. These actions should focus especially on eating habits and the practice of physical exercise, which could improve the control of obesity and of alterations in the lipid profile.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The influence of different factors on the incidence of diabetes mellitus among the population of Ulan-Ude].

The authors present the results of studying the effect of the social-hygienic factors in diabetes mellitus morbidity in the population of Ulan-Ude. Comparative analysis of the influence of the social-hygienic factors on diabetes mellitus morbidity showed that in men origination of diabetes mellitus was promoted primarily by nervous strain during work and intensive smoking; derangements in nutritional hygiene were of lesser significance. In women origination of diabetes mellitus was primarily promoted by derangements in nutrional hygiene and emotions connected with their family; work accompanied by marked nervous strain played a lesser role.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1992

[A method of measuring and evaluating the changes in body temperature in humans].

Studies of thermoregulation (skin and body temperature) and heat exchange in humans engaged in physical work of different type and intensity in variable environmental temperatures provided coefficients of 'cover' and 'core' mixing to calculate the mean body temperature and changes in heat content. The derived coefficient for a certain individual depended on body cooling and on the intensity of physical work.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMed1994

The role of the general practitioner in palliative care.

Palliative care tests the general practitioner's generalist skills. The work is not easy. We are trying to control symptoms that progress, feeling at times like the driver of a car with no brakes. It can evoke emotions of disturbing intensity. However, it is intensely rewarding work as well. The privilege of sharing life's journey with a patient, helping to enhance his or her quality of life, is one open to very few in our society. It is a privilege we should eagerly accept, as we are invited to stand with our patients facing their final challenge.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1991

[Prophylaxis of gastroduodenal hemorrhage caused by stress during pediatric intensive care].

Patients admitted to intensive care units frequently develop stress ulcers, erosive gastritis and complications such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has been of particular concern to many practitioners working in intensive care units and has led to the treatment of most if not all patients admitted to these units with antacids, H2 receptor antagonists or sucralfate in order to protect the gastric mucosa. It is considered that the 3 aforementioned medications are effective in decreasing the overall incidence of UGIB, but it has not been demonstrated that they are efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinically significant UGIB, ie cases that are complicated by anemia, hemorrhagic shock, or death. In addition, the cost and complications resulting from prophylaxis should be taken into consideration, which raises further questions about the systematic use of these agents. This article reviews the current literature on this subject; the authors propose a conservative use of prophylaxis, and that these agents be prescribed in a selective manner to the patients at the greatest risk of developing UGIB.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Organizational ethics in Finnish intensive care units: staff perceptions.

The purpose of this study was to describe ethical problems that are influenced by organizational factors in Finnish intensive care units (ICUs). The goal was to help nurses and administrators to analyse intensive care work, and to improve nurses' work motivation. Through these means the ultimate goal is to improve the quality of patient care. Data were collected in 35 hospital ICUs by means of the Ethics Environmental Questionnaire (EEQ). This gained access to the population of 1047 Finnish intensive care nurses. The response rate was 77% (n = 814). Data analysis was carried out using SAS-6 statistical software. The results provided scores for the 20 EEQ items. Reliability according to Cronbach's alpha was 0.87. The results revealed that organizational factors in Finnish ICUs have both positive and negative dimensions. Positively, nurses have the opportunity to discuss ethical problems in their work units, whereas, negatively, respondents noted that there is much concern about earning money. Nurses' work in Finnish hospital ICUs is ethically challenging; it is similar to that found in other countries and thereby supports international application of these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Optimization of irradiation cycle for enhancement of biological treatment of wastewater by low intensity ultrasound].

This work aims to optimize one of the critical technological parameters--ultrasound (US) irradiation cycle for utilizing the low intensity ultrasound to enhance biological wastewater treatment. The aerobic activated sludge from domestic wastewater treatment plant was used for this study as an experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazoliumchloride-dehydrogenase activity (TTC-DHA) were determined to indicate the changes of biological activity (within 48 h) after US irradiation at 0.3 W/cm2 in irradiation time of 10 min. The activity of sludge took 8 h after irradiation to reach peak level, and the enhancement effects induced by US faded away 24 h after irradiation. In addition, 8 h and 24 h were used as irradiation cycle respectively to carry out repeated US treatment. Results showed that when 8 h cycle was used, sludge activity decreased quickly after second US irradiation, and after third US exposure, sludge activity decreased even less than 50% of the control. When 24 h was used as the irradiation cycle, sludge activity increased after each US irradiation, but the extent of each increase declined with the increase of the number of US exposure. In consideration of US equipment costs and stability of treatment effects, 8 h should be selected as the US irradiation cycle and each time we can expose only a part of activated sludge in the biological reactor to avoid the decrease of sludge activity induced by repeated US treatment. The paper also analyzed the mechanism of biological activity enhancement by US according to above phenomena.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed2000

Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: recommendations for exposure limits.

Numerous articles have been published regarding the adverse respiratory health consequences of working in intensive livestock and poultry housing. Threshold limit exposure guidelines are not currently applied to this environment, but they are essential to implement and monitor effective environmental controls. Previous dose-response research work with swine workers has resulted in exposure limit recommendations of 2.5 mg/m3 total dust, 0.23 mg/m3 respirable dust, 100 EU/m3 endotoxin, and 7 ppm ammonia. No similar recommendations have been reported previously for poultry workers. Therefore, an industry-wide study was conducted to examine dose-response relationships of bioaerosol exposures and worker respiratory health. A total of 257 poultry workers were studied for respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and exposure to dust (total and respirable), endotoxin (respirable and total), and ammonia. Details of the sampling plan and environmental assessment are described elsewhere. Relationships between exposures and response were studied by correlation and multiple regressions. Significant dose-response relationships were observed between exposures and pulmonary function decrements over a work shift. Exposure concentrations associated with significant pulmonary function decrements were as follows: 2.4 mg/m3 total dust, 0.16 mg/m3 respirable dust, 614 EU/m3 endotoxin, and 12 ppm ammonia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Job stress, upper extremity pain and functional limitations in symptomatic computer users.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that exposure to occupational stressors are related to the presence and/or exacerbation of work-related upper extremity symptoms in office workers. Also worker's response to work demands and/or job stressors (i.e., workstyle) may exacerbate symptom severity and impact function. The present study examines the association among work demands, job stress and workstyle on pain and function. METHODS: 124 symptomatic female office workers completed a questionnaire measuring demographics, medical history, work demands, perception of the work environment, workstyle, pain intensity, functional impact, and time lost from work. RESULTS: Heightened job stress and the tendency to continue to work in a way that contributes to pain to ensure high quality (dimension of workstyle) were related to pain intensity at work and decreased function. These variables, in addition to hours worked per year, were related to increased pain experienced across the work week. The model tested did not predict the occurrence of lost time. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings provide support for the association between job stress, workstyle, upper extremity pain and function. While it is not possible to determine the exact direction of the observed relationships, these results are consistent with prior research indicating the potential significance of job stress and workstyle on symptom exacerbation and functional limitations. Implications for evaluation and intervention are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Effect of oral creatine ingestion on parameters of the work rate-time relationship and time to exhaustion in high-intensity cycling.

The relationship between work rate (W) and time to exhaustion (t) during intense exercise is commonly described by either a hyperbolic function (NLin), t= W'/(W-Wcp), or by its linear equivalent (LinW) Wlim=W' + Wcp(t). The parameter Wcp (critical power) has been described as an inherent characteristic of the aerobic energy system, while W' has been shown to be a ralid estimate of anaerobic work capacity. Recent studies have demonstrated that oral supplementation of creatine monohydrate (CrH2O) increases total muscle creatine stores, and have linked these increases to improved performances in intense intermittent exercise. This study was conducted to determine the effect of CrH2O supplementation on estimates of W' and Wcp derived from the NLin and LinW equations, and to determine the effect of CrH2O on t in exhaustive constant power exercise of different intensities. Fifteen active but untrained university students completed three phases of testing on a cycle ergometer: (1) familiarization, three learning trials, (2) baseline determination of W' and Wcp, four bouts performed at a W selected to elicit fatigue in 90-600 s, and (3) experimental determination of W' and Wcp, four bouts performed at the same W as baseline, but performed after 5 days of ingesting either a placebo (4 x 6 g of glucose/day) or CrH2O (4 x 5 g of CrH2O and 1 g glucose/day). Testing was administered in a double-blind manner. Analyses of covariance revealed a significant effect for CrH2O on both estimates of W' (NLin, P=0.04; LinW, P < 0.01), but not on estimates of Wcp (NLin, P=0.37; LinW; P=0.30). Within groups, t was significantly different for only CrH2O at the two highest Ws (P=0.04). It is concluded that oral ingestion of CrH2O increases estimates of W' due to an improved t at the shorter, more intense exercise bouts.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Early occupational health management of patients with back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in occupational health practice was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of early management of workers with low back pain by occupational physicians, as compared with management by the supervisor only. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Health care and university workers with back pain and on sick leave for less than 1 month were included in the study. METHODS: Patients with low back pain for at least 10 days on sick leave were randomly assigned to early management by the occupational physician (n = 61) or to a reference group with management by the worker's supervisor during the first 3 months of sick leave (n = 59). The patients were observed for 1 year and compared in terms of time until return to work, pain intensity, functional disability, and general health perception. The occupational physicians were provided with management guidelines. RESULTS: No significant differences were found after 3 and 12 months of follow-up evaluation in terms of time until return to work (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.90-1.90) or in terms of other health outcomes. Recurrences, however, occurred more frequently in the intervention group, but the total duration of sick leave in 1 year did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not show a significant positive effect of an early intervention by occupational physicians on workers with low back pain. This might reflect the early phase of disability or the low intensity of the intervention resulting from overestimation of the physicians' compliance with the guidelines.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tocopherol mobilization during intensive exercise.

This work shows that the level of plasma tocopherol (vitamin E) which has free radical scavenging properties rises significantly during intensive exercise. It is proposed that mobilization of tocopherol could help to prevent lipoperoxidation phenomena occurring in exercising skeletal muscle. A hypothetical mechanism relating to a lipolysis effect is discussed to explain this mobilization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bibliotherapeutic dream work after acute psychotic decompensation].

The paper reports about a follow-up treatment of a 15,5 year old female youth, who had suffered a polymorph psychotic disturbance with schizophrenic symptomatology. The symptoms began after a sexual encounter with a friend. During her illness the patient considered herself as "Jesus". By means of intensive dream work and bibliotherapy the psychotic events could be identified and understood subjectively. Three months after the onset of the illness the psychotic anxieties could be addressed by reading the Grimm fairy tale "The robber's bride" and could thus be better understood and classified. The patient's anxieties referred to physical and emotional disintegration (to be incorporated, to be Christ himself, and to give away his body). The patient could recall these anxieties as having actually occurred to her at the beginning of her illness.

Acute Disease↗