Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “longevity”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Gompertzian mortality derived from competition between cell-types: congenital, toxicologic and biometric determinants of longevity.

Gompertz-Makeham kinetics of population mortality is derived in terms of competition between hypothetical life-prolonging and life-shortening regulatory elements (cells) interacting in each organism by generalized Volterra-type competitive exclusion. The model is developed on two levels, the first applicable to homogeneous populations, and the second, a statistical generalization, applicable to inhomogeneous populations. It offers a natural classification of effects of exogeneous agents on longevity, including hormetic and paradoxical effects of toxic substances, thus relating to problems of risk assessment by extrapolation from high to low doses. Two applications, concerning the effects of radiation on mice and Drosophila imagos, respectively, are used to illustrate the flexibility of the model in the analysis and interpretation of observational data.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Detection of hormesis effect in longevity: simulation approach for heterogeneous population.

Manifestation of hormesis in longevity was modelled by modification of the mortality rate during and after the period of a stress factor action. In heterogeneous population this can lead to observation of unchanged mortality during action of the stress and decrease in mortality after stress period. Stochastic simulations were made to investigate the possibility of detecting the hormesis effect on the basis of the stress-control longitudinal data. The goal of the stochastic simulation was to investigate the role in the hormesis detection of control and stressed group size, of population heterogeneity variance value, of stress and hormesis attributable risks as well as the role of a prior information about the survival in the control group. It was demonstrated that if the attributable risks for stress and hormesis effects are approximately equal, then in both 'high' and 'low' heterogeneous populations the hormesis phenomenon is detected with probability higher than 75% even in relatively 'small' groups of 50 subjects. In case of 'weak' effect the hormesis phenomenon is not detected in a 'highly heterogeneous' population even in a group composed of 1000 subjects. In a 'low heterogeneous' population the hormesis phenomenon is detected with probability higher than 70% when the group size is not less than 200 subjects. Information about the survival in control group did not play a critical role in all experiments and exact survival curve may be replaced by the traditional Kaplan-Meier estimate.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Longevity and life expectancy.

"In this article the evolution of life expectancy is examined historically for various European nations at various ages, and according to sex. Appropriate logistic equations describe the facts and extrapolate into the future giving the doctor an indication of what is still to be accomplished and the demographer the tools with which to evaluate the aging of European population in the next 20 years....I posit that the increase in life expectancy is the product of a learning process to remove the accidents and obstacles on the way to the full life potential of an individual: longevity."

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Effects of cadmium upon longevity of Diplostomum sp. (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) cercariae.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact of cadmium (Cd) on survival of Diplostomum sp. cercariae. Freshly emerged cercariae were exposed to Cd solutions at concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 200 microg/l. The mortality patterns and mean survival times (MSTs) of the exposed parasites were determined by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and were compared (Log-Rank test) to corresponding patterns and estimators of the unexposed controls. Cd concentrations >20 microg/l caused statistically significant changes in the mortality pattern of Diplostomum sp. cercariae and reduced MST by at least five hours compared to the control group, where MST was 52 h. The results show that longevity of the free-living Diplostomum sp. cercariae can be reduced by direct exposure to heavy metals. Cd contamination of aquatic habitats thus potentially can have an impact on parasite populations and communities.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Influence of short-term repeated fasting on the longevity of female (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.

Caloric restriction in rodents is well known to retard the rate of aging, increase mean and maximum life-spans, and inhibit the occurrence of many age-associated diseases. However, little is known about the influence of short-term repeated fasting on longevity. In this study, female (NZB x NZW)F1 mice were used to test the physiological effect of short-term repeated fasting (4 consecutive days, every 2 weeks). The results showed that fasting mice survived significantly longer than the full-fed mice, in spite of the fasting group having a heavier body weight than the control group. Mean survival times for fasting and control mice were 64.0+/-15.3 and 47.9+/-9.4 weeks, respectively. Short-term repeated fasting manipulation was also effective on the prolongation of life-span in autoimmune-prone mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Mitochondrial genotype associated with longevity and its inhibitory effect on mutagenesis.

Mitochondria are not only the major site of ATP production in cells but also an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under certain pathological conditions. Because mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the mitochondrial matrix is exposed to ROS that leak from the respiratory chain, this extranuclear genome is prone to mutations. Therefore, the mitochondrial genome is a rich source of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the functional significance of SNPs in the mitochondrial genome is comparable to that of SNPs in the entire nuclear genome. To demonstrate the contribution of mitochondrial SNPs to the susceptibility to adult-onset diseases, we analyzed the mtDNA from Japanese centenarians and identified a longevity-associated mitochondrial genotype, Mt5178A. Because this genotype was demonstrated to suppress the occurrence of mtDNA mutations in the oocytes, it also would seem to decelerate the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the somatic cells with increasing age. This genotype is likely to confer resistance to adult-onset diseases by suppressing obesity and atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Association between the HFE mutations and longevity: a study in Sardinian population.

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an HLA-linked inherited disease characterised by inappropriately high absorption of iron by the gastrointestinal mucosa. The cysteine-to-tyrosine substitution at codon 282 of the HFE encoding gene sequence is responsible for the disease, although other variants, as H63D and S65C, may modify the affinity of the protein for transferrin receptors. We have recently reported that C282Y mutation is significantly increased in very old (>90 years) Sicilian women, suggesting a role in attainment of longevity. In addition, an increase of H63D polymorphism was also observed in these women but the difference was not significant. To validate and extend these results we investigated the distribution of these three common HFE gene mutations in Sardinian centenarians and controls. DNA samples, obtained from 61 controls and 57 Centenarians, were typed for HFE polymorphisms using sequence specific primers. Among the controls, none was heterozygous for the C282Y mutation, 15 were heterozygous for H63D mutation and one for S65C. Among the centenarians, none was heterozygous for the C282Y mutation whereas 25 were heterozygous for H63D mutation and four for the S65C mutation. No significant differences were observed in frequencies of the different alleles between young and centenarians both on the whole and when the data were analysed according to gender. However, there was a trend for an increased frequency of H63D allele in centenarian women (24 vs. 17%, i.e. 19/80 vs. 13/78). It is noteworthy that the cumulative frequency of H63D mutations in Centenarian and very old women from Sardinia and Sicily is 22 vs. 11%, i.e. 30/136 vs. 23/210, P=0.008. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that there may be a survival difference for centenarian women, among carriers and non-carriers of alleles involved in iron sparing.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The role of IL-1 gene cluster in longevity: a study in Italian population.

In this study, we analysed the polymorphic variants of IL-1alpha (C-T transition at position -889), IL-1beta (C-T transition at position -511) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) (86-bp repeated sequence in intron 2) in 1131 subjects (453 females and 678 males) from Northern and Central Italy, including 134 centenarians, to evaluate whether IL-1 cluster alleles might be differently represented in people selected for longevity. In addition, IL-1Ra and IL-1beta plasma levels were quantified by ELISA in 130 randomly selected subjects. No significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency distributions were observed between young, elderly and centenarian subjects. IL-1Ra plasma levels showed an age-related increase, whereas IL-1beta plasma levels did not show any detectable age-related trend. Neither IL-1Ra nor IL-1beta plasma levels showed any relationship with genotypes of the three IL-1 genes. These results suggest that no one particular polymorphism in the IL-1 gene cluster yields an advantage for survival in the last decades of life, and that the age-related increase in plasma levels of IL-1Ra seems not to be genetically regulated but a likely safeguard mechanism to buffer the age-associated increased inflammatory state.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A glucose-rich diet shortens longevity of mice.

High plasma levels of glucose and insulin over long-time periods play an important role in the genesis of diabetic complications. There is evidence that the long term consumption of glucose-rich diet by rats is detrimental to insulin sensitivity. We investigated the effect of a glucose-rich diet on longevity of 70 female mice which were compared to 70 mice on a control diet. The average age of death of the control group was 568 +/- 139 days compared to 511 +/- 170 for the glucose group and the seven oldest mice of the control group died at age 890 +/- 52 days, while the seven oldest mice of the glucose group died at 833 +/- 49 days. These differences are statistically significant (P < or = 0.05). Our work shows that a life-long intake of a diet with 20% of total energy derived from glucose leads to a significant reduction of the average and maximal life-span in female mice and thus, supports previous observations of detrimental effects of high glucose intake over long periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Influence of major histocompatibility complex region genes on human longevity among Okinawan-Japanese centenarians and nonagenarians.

The frequencies of 80 HLA antigen phenotypes in 82 centenarians and 20 nonagenarians in Okinawa, Japan, were compared with those in other healthy adults in various age-brackets. Subjects aged over 90 had an extremely low frequency of HLA-DRw9 and an increased frequency of DR1. In this age-group the relative risk of corrected (for number of antigens) p value for HLA-DRw9 were 5.2 and 0.0001, respectively; those for HLA-DR1 were 13.3 and 0.0367, respectively. Since a high frequency of DRw9 and a low frequency of DR1 are associated with autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases, the genetic protection against these disorders may contribute to longevity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term treatment of male F344 rats with deprenyl: assessment of effects on longevity, behavior, and brain function.

L-Deprenyl (selegiline) was chronically administered to male Fischer 344 rats via their drinking water beginning at 54 weeks of age (estimated daily dose: 0.5 mg/kg/day). Beginning at 84 weeks of age, the rats were behaviorally evaluated using a sensorimotor battery, a motor-learning task, and the Morris water maze. At 118 weeks of age, cerebellar noradrenergic function was evaluated in the surviving rats using in vivo electrochemistry. The rats were then sacrificed to measure brain monoamine oxidase activity and perform quantitative autoradiography to evaluate the effect of chronic deprenyl treatment on beta-adrenergic receptors in the cerebellum, alpha 2-adrenergic receptors several brain regions, and D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum. Deprenyl treatment reduced brain monoamine oxidase B activity by 85%, but had no effect on brain monoamine oxidase A. A clear effect of chronic deprenyl treatment upon longevity was not observed. Several measures of CNS function were altered in the deprenyl-treated animals: 1) spatial learning in the Morris water maze was improved; 2) electrochemical signals recorded following local application of NE were reduced, and the responsiveness to the reuptake blocker nomifensine was enhanced, in the cerebellum; 3) beta-adrenergic receptor binding affinity was increased in the cerebellum; 4) alpha 2-adrenergic receptor density was increased in the inferior colliculus; and 5) striatal D1 dopamine receptor density was reduced but binding affinity was enhanced. In contrast, chronic deprenyl treatment did not cause changes in: 1) sensorimotor function, as evaluated by balance beam, inclined screen, or wire hang tasks; 2) motor learning; 3) alpha 2-adrenergic receptor density in any region examined except for the inferior colliculus, or binding affinity in any region examined; or 4) striatal D2 dopamine receptor number or affinity. Thus, long-term oral administration of deprenyl extended the functional life span of rats with respect to cognitive, but not motor, performance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutations in signal transduction proteins increase stress resistance and longevity in yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and mammalian neuronal cells.

Mutations in Ras and other signal transduction proteins increase survival and resistance to oxidative stress and starvation in stationary phase yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and in neuronal PC12 cells. The chronological life span of yeast, based on the survival of nondividing cells in stationary phase, has allowed the identification and characterization of long-lived strains with mutations in the G-protein Ras2. This paradigm was also used to identify the in vivo sources and targets of reactive oxygen species and to examine the role of antioxidant enzymes in the longevity of yeast. I will review this model system and discuss the striking phenotypic similarities between long-lived mutants ranging from yeast to mammalian neuronal cells. Taken together, the published studies suggest that survival may be regulated by similar fundamental mechanisms in many eukaryotes and that simple model systems will contribute to our understanding of the aging process in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inequalities in longevity and quality of life between Andalusia and Spain].

BACKGROUND: Because of the increase in life expectancy (LE) throughout the twentieth century, indicators providing information on quality of life and its distribution in distinct geographical areas are required. We describe LE and life expectancy without disability (LEWD) by age and sex and estimate the magnitude of inequalities between Andalusia and Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Mortality data from the Natural Population Movement, the Survey of Disabilities, Deficiencies and Health Status, and the populations of the National Institute of Statistics for Andalusia and Spain in 1999 were used. Abbreviated life tables were constructed and were used to calculate LEWD through Sullivan's method. LE and LEWD by age and sex were obtained for Andalusia and Spain. RESULTS: LE was lower in Andalusia than in Spain in all age groups and in both sexes. At birth, LE was 73.9 years for men and was 80.9 years for women in Andalusia and was 75.0 years and 82.1 years in Spain respectively. Inequalities between Andalusia and Spain in LEWD were greater in all age groups both in men and in women: at birth LEWD was 66.0 years and 69.0 years for men and women in Andalusia and was 68.3 years and 72.0 years in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: Longevity and quality of life are lower in Andalusia than the mean for Spain, especially in elderly women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest: their prognosis, longevity and functional status.

This paper reports, consistent with Utstein Style definitions, 13 years experience observing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors' prognosis, longevity and functional status. We report for all patients, available outcome information for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in Göteborg Sweden between 1980 and 1993. Patients were followed for at least 1 year and some for over 14 years. From 1980 to 1993 Göteborg EMS treated 3754 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. 9% (n = 324) were discharged from the hospital alive. Survivors' median age was 67 and 21% (n = 67) were women. Mortality rate was: 21% (n = 61) at 1 year; 56% (n = 78) by 5 years; and 82% (n = 32) by 10 years following the arrest. During the first 3 years, 16% (n = 46) experienced another cardiac arrest, 19% (n = 53) had an acute myocardial infraction and a total of 81% (n = 232) were rehospitalized for various conditions. 14% (n = 40) returned to previous employment, and 74% (n = 229) had retired before their arrest occurred. Cerebral performance categories (CPC) scores were: At hospital discharge N = 324; Data available for 320-1 = 53% (n = 171), 2 = 21% (n = 66), 3 = 24% (n = 77), 4 = 2% (n = 6). One year post arrest N = 263; Data available for 212-1 = 73% (n = 156), 2 = 9% (n = 18), 3 = 17% (n = 36), 4 = 1% (n = 2). Overall, 21% (n = 61) of cardiac arrest survivors died during the first year, and an additional 16% (n = 46) experienced another arrest. 73% of those patients who were still alive after 1 year returned to pre-arrest function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Maintenance of tricarboxylic acid cycle kinetics in Brown-Norway Fischer 344 rats may translate to longevity.

Glucose metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) kinetics have been shown to decline in brain with age in various animal species. This study examined TCA cycle kinetics and age in Brown-Norway Fischer 344 rats. Using [1-(13)C]glucose infused over 10, 30, 60 or 100 min, and following the label through the TCA cycle using (1)H¿(13)C¿ spin-echo difference magnetic resonance spectroscopy, groups of 2 (n=18), 12 (n=16), and 24 (n=16) month old rats were evaluated. Unexpectedly, TCA cycle kinetics did not change with age. Observed decreases in glutamate, glutamine and N-acetyl aspartate levels are consistent with an age-related decrease in neuronal numbers. The possible link between this observation and increased longevity, together with a decreased incidence of neoplasia in the Brown-Norway Fischer 344 rat is discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

CuZn-superoxide dismutase transgenic mice: no effect on longevity, locomotor activity and 3H-mazindol and 3H-spiperone binding over 19 months.

This study was designed to determine whether CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) is neuroprotective against aging in the nigrostriatal tract. Twenty-four male mice transgenic for human CuZnSOD, resulting in overexpression of the cytosolic enzyme, were compared with 11 matched controls over 19 months. There was no difference in longevity, locomotor activity, or 3H-mazindol or 3H-spiperone binding in the nigrostriatal tract in the two groups. Thus there was no evidence that increased CuZnSOD was neuroprotective in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Landscapes of longevity: the calcium-selenium-mercury connection in cancer and heart disease.

Cancer and heart disease display spatial patterns that suggest the possible involvement of calcium and selenium deficiencies and mercury excess in their aetiologies. As a consequence, longevity tends to be most common in regions where the environment is calcium- and selenium-enriched but contains only low levels of mercury. Examples are cited from West Africa, China, England and the USA.

Africa, Western↗