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PubMed2003

Workshop to develop a framework for assessing risks to children from exposure to environmental agents.

Characterization of children's health risks from environmental exposures requires special consideration of life-stage-specific periods of unique susceptibility in relation to childhood activities, behaviors, and intakes. At a workshop in Stowe, Vermont, in mid-summer 2001, 54 experts developed a systematic conceptual framework for assessing the impact of these factors on children's risks. This meeting report provides a brief overview of the workshop.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Brain tumors in man and animals: report of a workshop.

This report summarizes the results of a workshop on brain tumors in man and animals. Animals, especially rodents are often used as surrogates for man to detect chemicals that have the potential to induce brain tumors in man. Therefore, the workshop was focused mainly on brain tumors in the F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse because of the frequent use of these strains in long-term carcinogenesis studies. Over 100 brain tumors in F344 rats and more than 50 brain tumors in B6C3F1 mice were reviewed and compared to tumors found in man and domestic or companion animals. In the F344 rat, spontaneous brain tumors are uncommon, most are of glial origin, and the highly undifferentiated glioblastoma multiforme, a frequent tumor of man was not found. In the B6C3F1 mouse, brain tumors are exceedingly rare. Lipomas of the choroid plexus and meningiomas together account for more than 50% of the tumors found. Both rodent strains examined have low background rates and very little variability between control groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Overview of a workshop on quantitative models for developmental toxicity risk assessment.

A workshop was held to discuss potential advancements to improve the precision of risk estimates for developmental toxicity. This paper presents an overview of the discussions at the workshop, focusing on the risk assessment process and science policy considerations important in the use of quantitative models. Some of the pertinent biological considerations are reviewed, particularly those related to the repair capacity of the developing organism and how this affects the concept of a threshold for developmental toxicity effects, as well as the maternal and litter influences on developmental toxicity outcomes. Finally, the current status of use of quantitative approaches is described, possible short-term approaches are discussed, and future research needs in this area are outlined.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1991

Workshop on human health impacts of halogenated biphenyls and related compounds.

A workshop on the Human Health Impacts of Halogenated Biphenyls and Related Compounds was held to assess the state of current research on these chemicals and to make recommendations for future studies. Participants discussed results from laboratory animal experiments on PCBs, PBBs, dioxins, and dibenzofurans which demonstrate a common mode of toxicological action while also revealing large variations in toxicological potency both within and between these chemical families. These variations demonstrate the importance of congener-specific analyses in future studies of effects of exposure to these compounds. Results from epidemiological studies of environmentally exposed adult and pediatric populations from the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan and occupationally exposed cohorts from around the world were considered. It was concluded that available evidence did not demonstrate serious adverse effects such as cancer, in exposed adult cohorts but did provide indications of possible neurobehavioral effects in children exposed in utero. In addition, workshop participants described newly developed markers of exposure and techniques for assessing endocrinological, immunological, and neurological effects and suggested these be applied to epidemiological studies of the effects of polyhalogenated compounds. Other recommendations included identification of other cohorts and development of a large registry of exposed individuals; performance of detailed studies of reproductive function and outcomes in exposed populations; and follow up of neurobehavioral effects in offspring of exposed women.

Biphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed1989

Conference on interdisciplinary issues in mental health and aging: workshop issues and recommendations.

The Conference of Interdisciplinary Issues in Mental Health and Aging included four workshops which focused on issues pertaining to the well elderly, the short-term impaired elderly, the chronic mentally ill elderly, and the organically impaired elderly. The Conference was convened to review and assess the impact of policy and program changes in the field of mental health and aging since the 1981 White House Conference on Aging and to reaffirm and strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation in addressing the mental health needs of older persons. This article presents the issues discussed in the workshops and recommendations regarding services, research, financing, and training and education which resulted from these sessions.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A workshop for nursing home staff: recognizing and responding to their own and resident's emotions.

An appreciation for the emotion work required of nursing home staff suggests that caregiver education should address the skills of emotional intelligence. Although the number of training efforts geared toward paraprofessionals is growing, few programs address caregivers' emotional skills, and fewer still have their roots in research. After providing background on resident-centered care, caring for the caregiver, and emotions in dementia, this paper describes a research-based workshop that promotes nursing home staff's skills in emotional intelligence. The first segment of the workshop introduces the importance of being aware of one's feelings and controlling impulses, and discusses how to manage one's own emotions. The second segment focuses on recognizing residents' emotions and helping residents manage their emotions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Nursing home staff characteristics and knowledge gain from a didactic workshop on depression and behavior management.

Depression is a prevalent and serious problem among nursing home residents. Nursing home staff members are gatekeepers for mental health treatment for residents, but may know little about depression and its management. We evaluated a didactic workshop for nursing home staff on depressive symptoms and management. Results for 58 staff participants showed significant gains in knowledge about depression diagnosis and management after the workshop. A regression predicting pre-test knowledge indicated that significant contributors were age (beta = .27; p &#60 .05), education (beta = .28, p = &#60 .05), and experience in long-term care (beta = -.53, p &#60 .01). Results provide preliminary support for didactic training about depression, but suggest that differences in staff knowledge related to experience should be addressed in training.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease: recent advances and future directions.

It has been estimated that approximately 37% of the US population judged to be at high risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD), based on the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, have increased plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], whereas Lp(a) is increased in only 14% of those judged to be at low risk. Therefore, the importance of establishing a better understanding of the relative contribution of Lp(a) to the risk burden for CAD and other forms of vascular disease, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is clearly evident. However, the structural complexity and size heterogeneity of Lp(a) have hindered the development of immunoassays to accurately measure Lp(a) concentrations in plasma. The large intermethod variation in Lp(a) values has made it difficult to compare data from different clinical studies and to achieve a uniform interpretation of clinical data. A workshop was recently convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to evaluate our current understanding of Lp(a) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disorders; to determine how future studies could be designed to more clearly define the extent to which, and mechanisms by which, Lp(a) participates in these processes; and to present the results of the NHLBI-supported program for the evaluation and standardization of Lp(a) immunoassays. This report includes the most recent data presented by the workshop participants and the resulting practical and research recommendations.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evidence-based periodontal treatment. Highlights from the 1996 World Workshop in Periodontics.

State-of-the-art periodontal therapy involves a wide range of diagnostic and treatment options. The 1996 World Workshop in Periodontics used an evidence-based approach to assess the efficacy of many of these options. This article describes the evidence-based approach and summarizes the findings of the workshop in the areas of diagnosis and nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy as well as dental implants.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2005

The First United Workshop on Microsporidia from Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts.

The phylum Microsporidia is a large group of parasitic unicellular eukaryotes that infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. These organisms are significant human and veterinary pathogens with impacts on medicine, agriculture and aquaculture. Scientists working on these pathogens represent diverse disciplines that have had limited opportunities for detailed interactions. A NATO Advanced Research Workshop 'Emergent Pathogens in the 21st Century: First United Workshop on Microsporidia from Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts' was held July 12-15, 2004 at the Institute of Parasitology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic to bring together experts in insect, fish, veterinary and human microsporidiosis for the exchange of information on these pathogens. At this meeting, discussions were held on issues related to taxonomy and phylogeny. It was recognized that microsporidia are related to fungi, but the strong opinion of the participants was that the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should continue to be applied for taxonomic descriptions of the Microsporidia and that they be treated as an independent group emerging from a paraphyletic fungi. There continues to be exponential growth in the pace and volume of research on these ubiquitous intracellular protists. The small genomes of these organisms and the reduction in the size of many of their genes are of interest to many disciplines. Many microsporidia are dimorphic and the mechanisms underlying these morphologic changes remain to be elucidated. Epidemiologic studies to clarify the source of human microsporidiosis and ecologic studies to understand the multifaceted relationship of the Microsporidia and their hosts are important avenues of investigation. Studies on the Microsporidia should prove useful to many fields of biologic investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A workshop on pubertal hormone replacement options in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The optimal pubertal hormone replacement therapy in females and males is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To review hormone replacement options for hypogonadal teenagers and to determine the relevant attitudes and practices of pediatric endocrinologists in the United States. DESIGN/METHODS: A workshop on pubertal hormone replacement options was held during the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society meeting in 2004. A questionnaire was distributed to investigate the audience's attitudes and practices in inducing puberty. RESULTS: The majority of respondents used conjugated estrogens to treat hypogonadal girls with the primary aim of treatment being attainment of maximal adult height. The majority of respondents used depot testosterone to treat hypogonadal boys with the primary aim of treatment being pubertal development and virilization. CONCLUSIONS: The use of physiological sex hormone replacement to optimize the induction of puberty in hypogonadal adolescents was recommended. The workshop revealed striking differences between US and European pediatric endocrinologists regarding their practices and attitudes regarding the induction of puberty in hypogonadal females. Detailed studies are necessary to develop more uniform guidelines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

6th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy.

The 6th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy convened at the Fairmont Le Château Frontenac in Québec, Canada on April 28-30, 2005. More than 170 participants registered for this workshop, demonstrating the continued interest in exploring and understanding the complexities of antiretroviral pharmacology. The purpose of this meeting was to present and discuss research related to antiretroviral pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug interactions, therapeutic drug monitoring and the assays necessary for measuring antiretroviral concentrations. This article highlights some of the 22 oral and 98 poster presentations that were presented at this meeting.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2005

The science of public messages for suicide prevention: a workshop summary.

There is minimal guidance for efforts to create effective public messages that increase awareness that suicide is preventable. To address this need, several agencies in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Annenberg Foundation convened a workshop consisting of suicide prevention advocates and persons with expertise in public health evaluation, suicide contagion, decision-making, and marketing. "Logic models" were used to define intended messages and audiences, assumed mechanisms of change, and outcomes. This summary describes some of the challenges and opportunities identified by workshop participants in evaluating public awareness campaigns in suicide prevention, technical assistance needs, and a proposed research agenda.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Successful implementation of genetic Education for Native Americans workshops at national conferences.

Genetic Education for Native Americans (GENA) was a National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)/Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)-funded educational intervention designed to provide a unique genetics education program for Native American college and university students. A curriculum was developed and implemented in workshops in geographically diverse settings throughout the United States, primarily in conjunction with regional and national scientific conferences that include substantial numbers of Native American attendees. The original curriculum includes 24 objectives and has been offered in two formats, as a 16-hr "comprehensive" program and in briefer workshops (referred to as "customized" hereafter) that are designed to include objectives for selected audiences. Both formats teach sufficient genetics to allow discussion and understanding of the ELSI and cultural issues related to genetics science. This article describes the evaluation findings from our implementation of both formats of the GENA curriculum.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop on perinatal and childhood stroke.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Office of Rare Disorders sponsored a workshop on perinatal and childhood stroke in Bethesda, Maryland, on September 18 and 19, 2000. This was an international workshop to bring together experts in the field of perinatal and childhood stroke. Topics covered included epidemiology, animal models, risk factors, outcome and prognosis, and areas of future research for perinatal and childhood stroke. Stroke in infants and children is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and an emerging area for clinical and translational research. Currently, there is no consensus on the classification, evaluation, outcome measurement, or treatment of perinatal and childhood stroke. Pediatric stroke registries are needed to generate data regarding risk factors, recurrence, and outcome. The impact of maternal and perinatal factors on risk and outcome of neonatal stroke needs to be studied. This information is essential to identifying significant areas for future treatment and prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Body experience workshop: movement, reflection, and self-appropriation].

The present study approaches an innovative activity in the Nursing teaching area. This activity, theoretical-experiential, known as the "Corporal Experience Workshop" is intended to promote body awareness, understand the fundamentals related to corporality, and improve the reflections about the own self and the "other's" body when undergoing nursing care. The investigation was carried out with first grade undergraduation Nursing students of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo--UNIFESP/EPM, and presents a descriptive study where the phenomenon is described and explained, and at the same time, it seeks to investigate some aspects concerning experiences the participating 202 students were submitted to during the activities developed in the workshops, during in the years 1997, 1998 and 1999.

Body Image↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Auditory training in workshops: group therapy option].

BACKGROUND: auditory training in groups. AIM: to verify in a group of individuals with mental retardation the efficacy of auditory training in a workshop environment. METHOD a longitudinal prospective study with 13 mentally retarded individuals from the Associação de Pais e Amigos do Excepcional (APAE) of Congonhas divided in two groups: case (n=5) and control (n=8) and who were submitted to ten auditory training sessions after verifying the integrity of the peripheral auditory system through evoked otoacoustic emissions. Participants were evaluated using a specific protocol concerning the auditory abilities (sound localization, auditory identification, memory, sequencing, auditory discrimination and auditory comprehension) at the beginning and at the end of the project. Data (entering, processing and analyses) were analyzed by the Epi Info 6.04 software. RESULTS: the groups did not differ regarding aspects of age (mean = 23.6 years) and gender (40% male). In the first evaluation both groups presented similar performances. In the final evaluation an improvement in the auditory abilities was observed for the individuals in the case group. When comparing the mean number of correct answers obtained by both groups in the first and final evaluations, a statistically significant result was obtained for sound localization (p=0.02), auditory sequencing (p=0.006) and auditory discrimination (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: group auditory training demonstrated to be effective in individuals with mental retardation, observing an improvement in the auditory abilities. More studies, with a larger number of participants, are necessary in order to confirm the findings of the present research. These results will help public health professionals to reanalyze the theory models used for therapy, so that they can use specific methods according to individual needs, such as auditory training workshops.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

Determination of formaldehyde levels in 100 furniture workshops in Ankara.

One of the airborne pollutants in wood products industry is formaldehyde, which may pose some health effects. Therefore this study is conducted to determine formaldehyde levels in 100 furniture-manufacturing workshops in Ankara and also to determine the symptoms, which may be related with formaldehyde exposure among the workers. Indoor formaldehyde levels ranged from 0.02 ppm to 2.22 ppm with a mean of 0.6 +/- 0.3 ppm. Outdoor formaldehyde levels also ranged from 0.0 ppm to 0.08 ppm with a mean of 0.03 +/- 0.03 ppm. Formaldehyde levels were higher in workplaces located at basement than in workplaces located at or above ground level (p < 0.01). An association was found between indoor formaldehyde levels and the types of fuel used (p < 0.05). The levels were higher in workplaces where only sawdust was used for heating, than in workplaces where wood, coal, and sawdust are used (p = 0.02). An association was found between runny nose and indoor formaldehyde levels (p = 0.03). Formaldehyde levels were lower in workplaces where employees had no symptoms than in those where employees had 4 or more symptoms (p = 0.02). Of 229 employees 57 subjects (24.9%) work under the formaldehyde levels of 0.75 ppm and above. Thus, approximately one fourth of the employees in workplaces are working in environments with formaldehyde levels exceeding those permitted by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The employees working in small-scale furniture workshops are at risk of formaldehyde exposure. Measures, such as improved ventilation, have to be taken in these workplaces, in order to decrease the formaldehyde levels.

Age Distribution↗