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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on aggression in young adults. A placebo-controlled double-blind study.

41 students took either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich oil capsules containing 1.5-1.8 grams DHA/day (17 females and 5 males) or control oil capsules containing 97% soybean oil plus 3% fish oil (12 females and 7 males) for 3 mo in a double-blind fashion. They took a psychological test (P-F Study) and Stroop and dementia-detecting tests at the start and end of the study. The present study started at the end of summer vacation and ended in the middle of mental stress such as final exams. In the control group extraggression (aggression against others) in P-F Study was significantly increased at the end of the study as compared with that measured at the start (delta = +8.9%, P = 0.0022), whereas it was not significantly changed in the DHA group (delta = -1.0%). The 95% CI of differences between the DHA and control groups were -16.8 to -3.0%. DHA supplementation did not affect the Stroop and dementia-detecting tests. Thus, DHA intake prevented extraggression from increasing at times of mental stress. This finding might help understand how fish oils prevent disease like coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Challenging the medical student in a psychiatry clerkship.

Medical students sometimes view their rotation in psychiatry as a less-than-optimal experience. The author focuses on the often-heard reference to the psychiatric clerkship as a vacation and the adverse consequences of this attitude on learning. He emphasizes that the medical student can be given a substantial quantity and quality of responsibility without making the clerkship either aggressively overwhelming or disadained as unchallenging.

Attitude↗
PubMed1995

Delayed sleep phase syndrome: a review of its clinical aspects.

OBJECTIVE: Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a common but little reported cause of severe insomnia. Since it was first described, few detailed reports of delayed sleep phase syndrome have appeared, and treatment methods have not been reviewed. From the literature, the authors provide diagnostic descriptions and review treatment methods, and from their sleep disorder clinic, they describe the management and outcome of the largest series of patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome thus far reported. METHOD: The authors reviewed all articles with primary data on delayed sleep phase syndrome published through 1993 and add data from a group of 33 patients at their sleep disorder clinic. RESULTS: Delayed sleep phase syndrome involves undesirably late bedtimes and arising times, early night insomnia, and poor morning alertness but lack of insomnia on vacations. The mean bedtime and arising time for the 33 patients were 4:00 a.m. and 10:38 a.m., respectively. Twenty-five patients were, or had been, depressed. Individual responses to treatments varied widely. Seventeen patients showed little treatment response. Delayed sleep phase syndrome had a worse treatment outcome than other sleep disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed sleep phase syndrome presents in a heterogeneous manner. In the sleep disorder clinic population, it was often associated with major depression and was more resistant to treatment than other sleep disorders. Multiple and varied treatments are required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Natural history of male psychological health, XV: retirement satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies of shorter duration have identified numerous risks and protective factors that powerfully influence outcomes in young adulthood and midlife, this long-term prospective study examines the effect of these prognostic factors on age at retirement and satisfaction with retirement. METHOD: In this prospective study, a cohort of socially disadvantaged men (N=151) were followed from adolescence until a mean age of 75 years (SD=2). Periodic interviews, biennial administration of questionnaires, and physical examinations every 5 years were conducted to determine biopsychosocial risk variables, age at retirement, and satisfaction with retirement. RESULTS: Early age of retirement was found to be a function of preexisting mental and physical health and later age of retirement a function of occupational status. A surprising finding was that risk factors such as poor objective physical health, low income, and depression, which are commonly associated with poor outcomes in young adulthood and in midlife, were largely unrelated to satisfaction with retirement. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high level of satisfaction with retirement was often attained by men who had reported many risk factors for poor child and midlife development (e.g., low IQ, dropping out of school, poor mental health, and being part of a multiproblem family) but who in later life had some positive resources (e.g., a good marriage, a low level neuroticism, enjoyment of vacations, and a capacity for play). In short, retirement may offer some men a fresh lease on life.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bad theater in psychotherapy: the case for therapists' liberation.

Freud's admonition to psychoanalysts to be objective in their work, like a mirror or surgeon, was intended to allow them to work in "a pure field." This advice has been excessively adhered to, with the result that many therapists have become unduly unresponsive. A host of petty practices has developed, whereby therapists become preoccupied with such matters as payment of fees, vacations, protecting patients from meeting each other, missed hours, and so on. This has led to stilted and unproductive therapy. Student therapists must be supervised by teachers unencumbered by such attitudes and practices, so that they can do the hard, ordinary work which constitutes psychotherapy. Only in this way will new generations of therapists be liberated from these disabling and artificial constrictions.

Fees and Charges↗
PubMed1992

Working through conflict with self-destructive preschool children.

This case history charts the treatment of a preschooler who first presented at the age of three years and ten months with aggressive and self-destructive behaviors. During the initial months of treatment, the therapist focused upon establishing a therapeutic alliance with the child in order to evoke a transference reaction. Compelling evidence of the transference in this case occurred in the ninth month of treatment when the therapist told the child that she would be going on vacation. The child, whose own mother had abandoned him several times, responded with uncharacteristic physical and verbal abuse. Although the child engaged in aggressive and self-destructive play enactments almost from the onset of treatment, these behaviors intensified from the fifth month of treatment onwards, as it became evident that he had entered the working-through phase. Aggressive impulses were shown in his manipulation of toys and other objects, and self-destructive episodes emerged in the child's incessant efforts to jump from chairs and tables, as well as in repeated threats to "shoot" himself with a toy gun. The therapist was sensitive to the child's need to continually repeat and gradually modify these behaviors. She permitted their display without exhibiting shock or alarm, but at the same time, expressed concern for the child's safety and reinforced this concern by setting limits on his unacceptable behavior. Gradually, the child's self-destructive and aggressive tendencies abated. Further evidence that the conflict had been worked through was also seen in the child's ability to express a more realistic assessment of his home environment, one which reconciled the conflict between "good" and "bad" impulses. This advancement in perception was demonstrated by the child's verbal recognition that while his mother was capable of doing "bad" things, she was still his mother and he loved her. Prior to the termination of treatment, both the child's grandmother and teachers reported significant improvement in the child's behavior and linguistic abilities.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Programmed writing and therapy with symbiotically enmeshed patients.

This paper illustrates how programmed writing lessons to be completed as homework assignments can be used in conjunction with traditional verbal psychotherapy. Each patient was involved in a symbolically enmeshed relationship. Special benefits for patients from the combination of programmed writing lessong with traditional psychotherapy were: (1) increased couple communication; (2) possibly more rapid change; (3) possibly shorter-term therapy; (4) increased forgotten trauma discovery; (5) and increased explicit and specific instructions. Patients were informed from the outset that the use of programmed writing lessons would or might: (1) help the therapist get a better idea of what was going on in regard to the development, values, rules, etc. of their symbiotic relationships; (2) decrease the time spent in therapy, and (3) encourage self-realization through self-directed assignments between sessions. For psychotherapists there are advantages of: (1) putting the responsibility for change on the shoulders of patients rather than on themselves; (2) using programs of theoretical and therapeutic approaches that may not be well known to the therapist; (3) reducing the frequency of sessions and administering written homework assignments when the therapist is on vacation; and (4) increasing the number of patients that can be seen for unit of therapist's time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatrists' attitudes toward preventive intervention in routine clinical practice.

A sample of 189 psychiatrists were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward preventive activities with high-risk children in clinical practice. Respondents indicated generally positive attitudes toward the appropriateness and efficacy of such activities but expressed uncertainty about the ethicality of prevention and about the knowledge base on which such activities rest. Psychiatrists perceived serious barriers to preventive activities due to financial, educational, and time factors. Important attitudinal differences were related to the respondents' age, career aspirations, membership on an academic faculty, number of scholarly articles published, marital status, number of vacation days taken in the previous year, and training in child psychiatry. Psychiatrists whose personal health beliefs favored an internal locus of control were more positively inclined toward preventive activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A clinical approach. It can't be done!

This article describes a five day vacation in Florida for forty-seven long term psychiatric residents. We believe this is the first trip of this kind in Canada. How the residents coped with social stresses of day to day life away from stereotyped hospital care, what was expected of each resident and each staff member during these five days, paved the way for what many staff members said "couldnt be done," to prove "it could be done," successfully. We hope our challenges and preparations can be of help to anyone wishing to try an adventure of this type.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Myogenic determination and differentiation of the mouse palatal muscle in relation to the developing mandibular nerve.

The vertebrate palatal muscles are derived from the cranial paraxial mesoderm and start myogenesis by the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). Predetermined myogenic cells migrate from the cranial paraxial mesoderm into the branchial arches, followed by myogenic differentiation. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the determination, migration, and differentiation of myogenic cells during the myogenesis of the palatal muscles, particularly the tensor veli palatini (TVP), are related to the extending mandibular nerve in mouse embryos. By immunohistochemical staining at embryonic day (E) 9.5, MyoD1 and myogenin have been expressed in the mandibular arch, into which the mandibular nerve had not yet extended. At E11.5, these myogenic cells encircled the extending mandibular nerve and were distributed from the distal and lateral to the trigeminal ganglion and into the mandibular arch to form the muscle plate, a girdle-like structure. By E12.5, these myogenic cells lost their girdle-like pattern, vacated the trunk area of the mandibular nerve, and were separated into several incompletely divided masses encircling the collateral branches of the mandibular nerve. The TVP started differentiation at E13.5 with the appearance of myofilaments and acetylcholinesterase (AchE), whereas the other palatal muscles began differentiation at E14.5. We defined the differentiation process of mouse palatal muscles into five stages based on the present findings. These results suggest that the determination and initial migration of the palatal myogenic cells into the mandibular arch occur before the mandibular nerve extends out of the trigeminal ganglion, whereas the myogenic cells migrating into the final sites of differentiation intimately relate to the extending nerve.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1999

Seasonal variations in sexual activity and their implications for sexual health promotion.

Although seasonal variations in births are observed in all human populations, the links between calendar events and sexual activity have received little attention in relation to health promotion and service provision. We have plotted various relevant data--routinely collected data for births within and outside of marriage, abortions, sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus tests and condom sales figures--by calendar period. The trends point consistently to an increase in sexual activity and unsafe sex occurring at or around the Christmas period, and a longer but less pronounced subsidiary period of increased sexual activity and unsafe sex coinciding with the summer vacation. We conclude that seasonal patterns of sexual activity have implications for provision of sexual health services and for the timing and targeting of sexual health promotional interventions.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2003

A fertile mother Russia: pronatalist propaganda in revolutionary Russia.

The Soviet consultation with its attendant propaganda, visiting nurses, and vacation homes attempted to set science and the doctor as the ultimate authority in matters of child rearing in place of old authorities, deny the contention that motherhood was a natural ability of women, and take over the father's place in the home. Soviet health care policy bridges pre- and postrevolutionary thought, blurred the boundaries between public and private, and mirrored international natalist policies. However, the application of these policies conformed to Soviet concepts of citizens' duties and state imperatives.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Persons discharged from warrants of the Lieutenant Governor.

The authors compiled demographic, psychiatric, and criminological information on persons who were held on warrants of the Lieutenant Governor in Ontario. These warrants were vacated between the period 1969-1982. Of the entire population of 296 such persons, 46% were held as being Unfit to Stand Trial, 51% were Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity, and the remainder were Mentally Ill prisoners. Separate analyses were conducted with the Unfit sample. The average length of confinement on a warrant was 7 years.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Chronic pancreatitis possibly caused by occupational exposure to organic solvents.

Acute pancreatic injury has been attributed to occupational exposure to chemical agents in workers, but there have been no previous reports of occupationally induced chronic pancreatitis. Severe chronic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in a 29-year-old house painter, where other known causes of chronic pancreatitis could be ruled out. The patient had previously experienced abdominal pain and diarrhoea associated with exposure to spray paints followed by remission of the symptoms during vacations. Although the association between exposure and pancreatic insufficiency may be a random one, a possible causal relation should be further evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excitochemical-induced trophic bridging directs axonal growth of transplanted neurons to distal target.

Brain grafts directly placed in their target regions often lack proper connections and normal regulation. When brain grafts are placed in their ontogenetic normal area, the axonal outgrowth of grafts to distal target regions is a major obstacle. We previously demonstrated that directional axonal growth of grafts can be facilitated by laminin. In this study we demonstrated that excitochemicals induced trophic environment can be strategically used as a bridge to guide transplanted neurons to innervate a distal target of millimeter distance, and has a unique effect on fiber expansion in the target region. To distinguish dopamine (DA) growth from that of transplants, 6-hydroxydopamine was unilaterally injected into medial forebrain bundle to remove dopamine innervation to the striatum. Ibotenic acid (IB), kainic acid (KA), or phosphate buffer (vehicle) were microinjected through a glass-pipet to make a 7 mm long tract between the substantia nigra and the striatum in Sprague-Dawley rats. Gestational 14-15 days brainstem slurry was transplanted either in the same or a separate tract into nigra at the bottom of the bridge. All transplants survived with abundant serotonin (5-HT) and DA neurons. Traceable DA fibers formed distinct bundles from grafts along the length of IB/KA tracts. Upon arrival at their major target regions, fibers from bundles were capable of leaving the tracts, and reinnervating the DA-vacated striatum. The 5-HT fibers formed bundles similar to DA fibers but left the tract earlier upon arrival at their major target the globus pallidus and when arriving at the striatum and cortex. Fibers from grafts with vehicle tracts grew randomly and not into the tract. These results indicate that the trophic effects of chemical lesioning serves as a remarkably effective axonal guidance for more than one type of fetal neuron to innervate distal brain regions. This method has great potential in directing fibers in many transplant models.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A personal exploration of the German hospice system.

While on vacation in Germany, I explored the German hospice system and its differences from that in the United States. I conducted an informal survey asking 10 individuals who were not associated with hospice work, about end-of-life issues. Knowledge of the hospice movement and of advance directives was found to be quite low. Through contact with German hospice associations, I learned that the modern German hospice movement was inspired by the British example. After a difficult beginning, the German hospice system is growing steadily. Professional providers of end-of-life care are paid according to the traditional fee-for-service system. As suggested by the World Health Organization, pain management is provided according to the three-step analgesic ladder. Physician-assisted suicide is illegal as it is in the United States. A federal self-determination law has not yet been enacted. Overall, the German hospice system has many similarities and a few interesting dissimilarities with that in the United States.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Elucidating issues stressful for patients in predialysis and dialysis: from symptom to context.

Biopsychosocial problems experienced by renal disease patients were studied within a contextual framework the patients themselves defined, the findings being related to sociodemographic and medical data. Participants were 72 predialysis patients and 73 patients being treated by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (106 men and 39 women, aged 18-84 years). Both stress-related global and situational measures of biopsychosocial problems were assessed by questionnaire. Factor analyses revealed five factors--Bodily problems; Work and leisure time; Sleep, cramps and itching complaints; Financial problems; and Dependence-- explaining 71.1 per cent of the total variance. Fatigue loaded both on Bodily problems and Work and leisure time. Sleep disturbances, itching of the skin and muscle cramps were more stressful for the dialysis than the predialysis patients. Also, fatigue, inability to work and limitation on vacation activities appeared more stressful for the dialysis group. The study supports the usefulness of a contextual approach for gaining a better general understanding of renal disease patients' problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Mobilization as a preparative regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Current myeloablative conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, alternative strategies to promote engraftment of infused HSCs with increased safety warrant investigation. Using parabiotic mice, we determined that, after mobilization with AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), HSCs exited from marrow, transited blood, and engrafted in open niches in partner marrow. We then hypothesized that mobilization before transplantation might vacate niches and improve HSC engraftment. When PeP3(b) mice were treated with AMD3100 at 2 hours before the transplantation of 4 x 10(7) marrow cells, donor cell engraftment was higher (4.6% +/- 1.1%) than in control animals (no AMD3100; 1.0% +/- 0.24%, P < .001). When mice received weekly injections of AMD3100 on 3 consecutive weeks and marrow cells were transplanted 2 hours after each mobilization, donor cell engraftment further increased (9.1% +/- 1.7%, P = .001). In contrast, in similar experiments with Balb/cByJ mice that mobilize poorly, there was no difference between the donor cell engraftment of AMD3100-treated and control recipients. These results indicate that the number of available niches regulates the number of HSCs. In addition, mobilization with AMD3100 may provide a safer preparative approach for HSC transplantation in genetic and other nonmalignant disorders.

Animals↗