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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Experimental studies on the effect of long-term oestrogens on contrast excretion during intravenous urography (author's transl)].

The possible connection between long continued oestrogen intake and dilatation of the upper urinary tract was examined urographically in nine female rabbits. The degree of dilatation was judged on eleven parameters. The results of the study indicate that oestrogens without simultaneous mechanical influence on the urinary tract does not lead to dilatation of the pelvis or ureter. The results are illustrated graphically and are compared with the findings in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Grey-scale ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the kidney (comparison with excretory urography) (author's transl)].

In a total of 155 cystic renal lesions diagnozed by means of ultrasound the correct differentiation of cystic or solid consistency could be determined in 96.8% of cases. The sonographic result was inaccurate or false in only 2.6%. Sonography also determined the correct morphological and anatomical type of the liquid space-occupying formation in 89%. Pathological cavities of the renal pelvis as well as hydronephroses were the cause of incorrect diagnoses. 36.6% of solitary renal cysts revealed by ultrasound (average diameter of cyst: 3.9 cm), could not be detected by pyelography; radiology most frequently failed to determine cortical renal cysts. Sensitivity and specificity of nephrosonography for detection of cystic malformation of the kidney were distinctly better than pyelography. Out of a total of 34 patients with hereditary polycystic renal disease (HRPD) sonography diagnozed multiple cysts of the liver in 15 cases (44%). The use of ultrasound in examining relatives of patients with HPRD enables an earlier diagnosis of the chronic progressive disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of monomer, dimer and non-ionized medium at urography with simulated compression; an experimental study in the rabbit [author's transl].

Density, estimated through renal pelvic volume as calculated according to previous experiments (Owman 1978) and urinary iodine concentration, is suggested to be more accurate than, and complementary to, mere determination of urine iodine concentration and diuresis when evaluating and comparing urographic contrast media experimentally. More reliable dose optima are probably found when calculating density rather than determining urine concentrations. Of the examined media in this investigation, metrizamide and P 268 are by far superior, giving higher density, higher urinary concentrations, and metrizamide also less diuresis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Preoperative examination of potential kidney transplantation donors: value of gadolinium-enhanced 3D MR angiography in comparison with DSA and urography].

PURPOSE: To assess a contrast-enhanced standardized MRA protocol for the presurgical evaluation of potential renal transplant donors. METHODS: Twenty-three potential donors for renal transplantations were examined with gadolinium-enhanced, two-phase MR angiograms (1.5 T) and DSA/urography for the number of renal arteries, the presence of aberrant arterial and venous branches, renal artery stenoses and anatomy of the renal collecting system and ureters. The diagnostic value was assessed by evaluating different image processing modalities and interobserver variability. RESULTS: Using maximum intensity projections (MIP) together with multiplanar reformatting (MPR), accessory arteries were detected with a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/98%. Depending on diagnostic experience, exclusive evaluation of MIP yielded a sensitivity/specificity of 67-100%/95-100%. Using MIP/MPR, venous depiction was good in 80%, with MIP solely in 30-40%. At least the proximal third of the ureter was visible in 67%. CONCLUSION: MPR/MIP evaluation of two-phase, contrast-enhanced MRA provides an excellent depiction of renal vessel anatomy for presurgical evaluation of renal transplant donors. Exclusive MIP assessment is less reliable and depends strongly on the examiner's experience. For sufficient visualization of the ureters, either additional measurements or low-dose diuretic injection have to performed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Multislice CT urography (MSCTU): evaluation of a modified scan protocol for optimized opacification of the collecting system].

PURPOSE: To retrospectively quantify opacification of the urinary tract using a MSCTU protocol based on furosemide and individual adaptation of urographic acquisition delay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCTU examinations obtained from 4-row and 16-row CT scanners in 53 patients (35 men, 18 women, average age 59) were independently reviewed by two radiologists. MSCTUs were performed using a low-dose injection of furosemide. No fixed scan delay for urographic image acquisition was applied. The urographic timing was individually adapted by performing low-dose test images of the distal ureters to display their current opacification. Image analysis included grading of the opacification of the segmented collecting system. The average urographic delay was calculated. Stratified comparisons of mean scores were assessed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The inter-observer kappa value was calculated. RESULTS: The calculated median scan delay for patients with normal serum-creatinine levels (n = 51) was 418 sec (mean 447 sec; SD, 118 sec). The median number of acquired test images was 2 (range 1 - 6 images). The opacification analysis demonstrated that 98 % of the ICS, 90 % of the proximal, 86 % of the middle, and 83 % of the distal ureteral segments showed opacification greater than 90 %. 9.5 % of the distal ureteral segments could not be visualized. Statistics did not show significant opacification differences between proximal, middle, and distal ureteral segments (p > 0.05). The two observers were largely in agreement (kappa coefficient r = 0.81). CONCLUSION: The analyzed MSCTU technique based on furosemide and scan delay timing by means of test images reliably lead to a homogenous opacification of the entire upper urinary tract. It features the individual adaptation of MSCTU to the excretory rate of the kidneys.

Adolescent↗