Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Turbinates”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The concentration and expression of IL-5 in human nasal polyp tissue].

OBJECTIVE: To study the concentration and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyp tissues and explore its significance in the micro-environment differentiation of eosinophils accumulation and clarify the conception of nasal polyposis. METHODS: The concentration and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyp tissues of 40 patients were determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and inferior turbinate mucosa from patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers was used as control. RESULTS: 1. IL-5 concentration in the polyp tissues was significantly higher than that in inferion turbinate mucosa(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in inferion turbinate mucosa between the patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). IL-5 concentration in polyp tissues was markedly higher in patients with extensive polypoid change of nasal mucosa, history of previous polypectomy and allergic rhinitis compared with those without these features (P < 0.05). IL-5 concentration had no correlation with age and sex (P > 0.05). 2. 80.1% of the eosinophils were positive for IL-5 and 90.9% of IL-5 positive cells were eosinophils. Only 3.7% of the lymphocytes and neutrophils were IL-5 positive, and IL-5 was not detectable in epithelial cells. IL-5 expression in eosinophils of polyp tissues was remarkably stronger than that of the turbinate mucosa (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in inferion turbinate mucosa between the patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). IL-5 expression of eosinophils in polyp tissues was significantly stronger in patients with extensive polypoid change of nasal mucosa, history of previous polypectomy and allergic rhinitis compared with those without these features (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-5 expression in lymphocytes and neutrophils between polyp tissues and inferior turbinate nasal mucosa (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-5 is a key protein in eosinophilic pathologic mechanisms in nasal polyp tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Atrophic rhinitis in New Zealand white rabbits infected with Pasteurella multocida.

Atrophic rhinitis was detected in New Zealand White rabbits when upper respiratory tract disease was evaluated during a vaccine field trial for the prevention of pasteurellosis. Of 52 adult rabbits euthanatized and necropsied, 26 (50%) had evidence of turbinate atrophy. Atrophy was detected in 77% of rabbits with Pasteurella multocida infection only, 71% of rabbits with concurrent P multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica infections, and 6% of rabbits with B bronchiseptica infection only. Grossly, turbinate atrophy was characterized by a mild to severe loss or diminution in the maxilloturbinates. Histologically, turbinate bones were small and irregular in thickness and had numerous osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A neutrophilic exudate filled the nasal passages, and infiltrates of neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected in the mucosa and submucosa of the nasal turbinates. Rhinitis was significantly (P less than 0.001) associated with turbinate atrophy. Isolates of P multocida from rabbits with turbinate atrophy were serotype A:12.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nasal mast cells: a preliminary report on their ultrastructure.

The ultrastructure of mast cells found in normal inferior turbinate was compared with the features found in the inferior turbinate in two groups of patients, those with allergic rhinitis due to dust mite hypersensitivity and those with nasal polyps; the latter group also had their polyps studied. Adenoid tissue was examined in children with secretory otitis media to see if there was evidence of mast cell degranulation, which would support the hypothesis that either local allergic or other mast cell-mediated reactions caused the condition. The mast cells from five normal turbinates varied considerably in size, shape and distribution, but were found mainly in the submucosa. There was no difference in the morphology of cells of different sizes and they could not be sub-grouped into either connective tissue or mucosal mast cells. Most granules were electron dense and homogeneous, although scrolls and crystalline structures were seen occasionally. Some of the granules contained lighter material and others had become vacuoles. Mitochondria were present in all cells suggesting active metabolism. The three patients with allergic rhinitis showed extensive but variable degranulation of the mast cells in all depths of the mucosa. Nine of the 10 cases with nasal polyps had mast cells identified in both the polyp and the turbinate. They were only normal in one turbinate and in one patient it was impossible to identify mast cells. All the mast cells were degranulated extensively in all other specimens. The adenoids from seven children had identifiable mast cells, which were less frequently found than in the turbinates. There was some degranulation in four of the patients and in one it was fairly extensive.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2001

Clinical value of bacteriological examinations of nasal and paranasal mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis.

Although many investigations on the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis have been reported, there is still much discussion about the physiological flora of the nose and paranasal sinuses, the role of the various aerobic and anaerobic "pathogenic" bacteria, and the influence of the anatomical location from which samples for bacteriology are taken. We conducted a qualitative and semi-quantitative bacteriological examination of patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing a transnasal sinus operation (patient group), and of patients without chronic sinusitis undergoing a septoplasty (control group). In both groups brush smears of the inferior nasal turbinate and biopsies of the middle nasal turbinate were taken, with additional biopsies of the maxillary sinus and ethmoidal bulla in the chronic sinusitis group. In both groups coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified in almost all samples. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 22% (middle turbinate) to 33% (inferior turbinate) of the samples from the control group and in 33% (maxillary sinus, middle turbinate) to 50% (inferior turbinate) of the samples from the patient group. Other (pathogenic) aerobic bacteria were found much more rarely and only slight distinctions between control and patient group were observed. The concentrations of the different bacterial species (colony-forming units) were comparable in both groups. Strictly anaerobic bacteria and fungi were not identified. Only small discrepancies between the various methods and/or locations of sampling were found. Based on our bacteriological findings a differentiation between patients with and without chronic sinusitis was not possible. These results shed doubt on the clinical value of bacteriological examinations of nasal and paranasal mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyps and of healthy subjects.

Immunohistochemical stainings were performed on biopsy specimens of the middle and inferior turbinates of the nasal mucosa of 14 patients with nasal polyps and 16 healthy subjects. Significantly more CD8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic) cells than CD4+ (T helper/inducer) cells were found in the lamina propria of the middle and inferior turbinates of patients with nasal polyps and in the inferior turbinate of healthy subjects. The middle and inferior turbinates of healthy subjects contained significantly more CD4+ cells than the middle and inferior turbinates of patients with nasal polyps. CD19+ B cells were hardly detected in the patients and healthy subjects. More HLA-DR+ cells were found in the middle than in the inferior turbinate, especially in the patients. Varying but small numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, and plasma cells were found in patients and healthy subjects. The possible role of CD4+, CD8+, and HLA-DR+ cells in the nasal mucosa is discussed with regard to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Acoustic rhinometry: accuracy and ability to detect changes in passage area at different locations in the nasal cavity.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements, and to assess how well AR detects obstructions of various sizes at specific sites in the nasal cavity, we created a cast model from an adult cadaver nasal cavity. METHODS: The actual cross-sectional areas of the cast model nasal passage were determined by computed tomography and compared with the corresponding areas measured by AR. To assess how nasal obstruction affects the AR results, we placed small wax spheres of different diameters at specific sites in the model (nasal valve, head of the inferior turbinate, head of the middle turbinate, middle of the middle turbinate, choana, and nasopharynx). RESULTS: The AR-derived cross-sectional areas in the first 6.5 cm of the cast model nasal cavity were very close to the corresponding areas calculated from computed tomographic sections perpendicular to the presumed acoustic axis. However, AR overestimated the passage areas at locations posterior to the 6.5-cm point. Acoustic rhinometry gave an accurate indication of the passage area of the nasal valve and its distance from the nostril. The nasal valve and the choana were indicated by significant dips on the AR area-distance curve, whereas the curve was smooth throughout the region that included the head of the inferior turbinate, the head of the middle turbinate, the middle of the middle turbinate, and the nasopharynx. In other words, AR did not discretely identify these latter sites. Acoustic rhinometry detected the different-sized inserts (obstructions) more accurately at the nasal valve than at sites posterior to this location. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that AR is a valuable method for assessing the anterior nasal cavity. This technique is sensitive for detecting changes in passage area at the nasal valve region; however, the sensitivity is lower at sites posterior to this. The findings suggest that when there is substantial narrowing of the nasal valve, AR will not identify an obstruction at any location posterior to the nasal valve. In such situations, AR measurements beyond the abnormal nasal valve may easily lead to misinterpretation of the patient's nasal anatomy or condition.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1975

Surgery for chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis.

Davison pointed out in 1953 that his purpose in treating sinusitis was to utilize the smallest amount of surgery that would produce permanent relief of symptoms. By 1963 he had become convinced that extensive disease required extensive surgery. Hyperplastic rhinosinusitis is treated by a variety of surgical techniques including polypectomy, turbinate cautery, submucous resection of the turbinates or nasal septum, anterior ethmoidectomy, and spheno-ethmoidectomy. Sixty-eight patients are presented who have undergone bilateral sphenoethmoidectomy between January, 1969, and January, 1974. These patients were predominantly allergic, with a high percentage of previous polypectomies and desensitization which failed to control their recurring nasal polyps. Ten patients were lost to follow-up. Forty-seven of 68 patients have had no recurrence of polyps in from 12 to 60 months. All patients continued to have mucosal manifestations of allergy or infection, but the recurrence of late polyps was limited to 11 patients. The spheno-ethmoidectomy technique is utilized, stressing complete removal of the middle turbinate. Kidder has shown an improved rate of polyp control in patients following ethmoidectomy with middle turbinate removal rather than with partial or total preservation of the middle turbinate. Complete resection of the middle turbinate with opening of the sphenoid air sinus permits a thorough exenteration of the ethmoid labyrinth and better control of chronic disease. A complication rate of 5.9 percent is presented and is deemed acceptable, since there no disabling complications or complications related to poor visualization.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

Emergence of a virulent type C avian metapneumovirus in turkeys in Minnesota.

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the pathogenesis of a recent isolate of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in turkeys and to evaluate the quantitative distribution of the virus in various tissues during the course of infection. Seventy 2-week-old turkey poults were divided equally into two groups. One group was inoculated with aMPV (MN 19) with a titer of 10(5.5) TCID50 oculonasally. Birds in the second group were maintained as sham-inoculated controls. Birds showed severe clinical signs in the form of copious nasal discharge, swollen sinus, conjunctivitis, and depression from 4 days postinoculation (PI) to 12 days PI. Samples from nasal turbinates, trachea, conjunctiva, Harderian gland, infraorbital sinus, lungs, liver, and spleen were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days PI. Histopathologic lesions such as a multifocal loss of cilia were prominent in nasal turbinate and were seen from 3 to 11 days PI. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of aMPV from 3 to 9 days PI in nasal turbinate and trachea. Viral RNA could be detected for 14 days PI from nasal turbinate and for 9 days from trachea. In situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of aMPV from 1 to 11 days PI in nasal turbinates and from 3 to 9 days PI in the trachea. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data showed the presence of a maximum amount of virus at 3 days PI in nasal turbinate and trachea. Clinically and histopathologically, the new isolate appears to be more virulent compared to the early isolates of aMPV in the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Expression of mRNA transcripts of the Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger isoforms in human nasal mucosa.

Electrolyte transport by nasal epithelia has been suggested to be important for controlling the quantity and composition of the nasal fluid and may play an important role in the development of nasal polyps. One of a number of mechanisms involving translocation of Na+ and Cl- across cell membranes includes electroneutral processes, such as Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) and Cl-/HCO3- exchange (AE). The present study evaluated the presence of mRNAs for various members of the human NHE and AE gene families in human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. The mRNA for NHE1 was detected in human turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp while the mRNAs for NHE2 and NHE3 could not be detected in any of the samples examined. Of the AE isoforms, AE2 mRNA was expressed in inferior turbinate mucosa but not in nasal polyp. In situ hybridization revealed that NHE1 mRNA in the turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp was localized in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands. AE2 mRNA was also expressed in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands of inferior turbinate mucosa. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of AE2 mRNA is altered in nasal polyp compared with inferior turbinate mucosa, suggesting that the altered expression of these genes in nasal polyp may cause impaired electrolyte and water transport across the epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Toxin production by Pasteurella multocida isolated from rabbits with atrophic rhinitis.

Naturally acquired turbinate atrophy in rabbits was associated with Pasteurella multocida infection. Several in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to document toxin production from P multocida isolates and to determine the relation of toxin to atrophic rhinitis in rabbits. Ten isolates of P multocida serotype A:12 were obtained from adult New Zealand White rabbits with noninduced atrophic rhinitis. Specific-pathogen-free rabbits inoculated intranasally with isolates of P multocida developed rhinitis and turbinate atrophy. However, inoculation with filtrates of the same bacteria failed to induce turbinate atrophy. Cytotoxicity was observed in assays, using bovine embryonic turbinate cell cultures with extracts of P multocida, but not in agar overlay cytotoxicity assays, using bovine embryonic turbinate, bovine embryonic lung, or Vero cell cultures, or in a sandwich ELISA, using monoclonal antibodies to purified P multocida toxin. Thus, turbinate atrophy was experimentally reproduced in rabbits with isolates of P multocida, but toxin was only detected in vitro by cell culture assay of P multocida extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Subchronic nasal toxicity of hexamethylphosphoramide administered to rats orally for 90 days.

Rats were administered hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) at dosages of 10, 100, 300, and 1000 ppm in drinking water or at 15, 40, or 120 mg/kg/day by gavage for approximately 90 days. Another group of rats was implanted subcutaneously with HMPA-filled osmotic minipumps, designed to deliver a dosage of 40 mg/kg/day to prevent the possibility of direct contact of HMPA with the nasal epithelium. After 90 days at 10 ppm in the drinking water, some rats had tracheas lined with regenerated epithelium, but no HMPA-related lesions were present in any other organs and tissues. At 100 ppm, nasal lesions (epithelial denudation, regeneration, and squamous metaplasia) were mostly in the maxilloturbinates, tips of nasoturbinates, and the adjacent septum in the anterior nasal cavity (level I), but the lesions were confined to the ventral region of the mid-anterior nasal cavity (level II) and to recesses of the posterior nasal cavity (levels III and IV). At 300 ppm, nasal turbinates in level I were partially adhered to the nasal septum by fibrous tissue. In level II the lesions were mainly confined to the ventral medial meatus, but were scattered diffusely in levels III and IV. Denuded turbinates showed minimal bone proliferation. At 1000 ppm, the anterior nasal cavity was partially occluded by extensive adhesion of the turbinates to the nasal septum by granulation tissue and proliferating turbinate bone. The general architecture of the posterior nasal cavity was obliterated by the marked proliferation of turbinate bone and fibrous tissue in the interturbinate spaces. Tracheas showed regenerated epithelium and bronchi had focal epithelial denudation at 100, 300, and 1000 ppm. Foamy alveolar macrophages (histiocytosis) were increased in the lungs at 300 and 1000 ppm. Testicular atrophy occurred at 1000 ppm. No other tissues were affected by HMPA treatment. Nasal lesions in rats given HMPA by gavage were identical in nature to, but sometimes slightly more severe than, the lesions in rats given HMPA in the drinking water. Rats given 40 mg/kg/day HMPA via an osmotic minipump had slightly less severe nasal lesions than did the rats given the same dosage of HMPA by gavage. Testicular atrophy was present in the rats given 120 mg/kg/day by gavage. The results of this study show that, with the exception of bone proliferation, systemic delivery of HMPA or its metabolites to the nasal tissue following oral administration causes tissue damage similar to that caused by direct exposure of the nasal tissue via inhalation. Oral administration of HMPA is a less potent route for producing nasal lesions than is inhalation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1987

Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type D Pasteurella multocida as agents of severe atrophic rhinitis of swine.

Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type-D Pasteurella multocida were cultured from pigs in each of five herds diagnosed as having severe atrophic rhinitis (AR). B. bronchiseptica alone, P. multocida alone, or both organisms isolated from four herds were inoculated intranasally into 1-week-old gnotobiotic pigs which were necropsied 4 weeks post-inoculation (PI). Nasal turbinate atrophy in B. bronchiseptica-inoculated pigs was moderate to severe, while P. multocida-inoculated pigs had slight to severe atrophy. Pigs inoculated with both organisms had moderate to complete turbinate atrophy. P. multocida was reisolated at necropsy from all pigs receiving the organism except those having no turbinate damage. B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida from a fifth herd were simultaneously inoculated into six naturally farrowed 6-day-old SPF pigs. Necropsy performed 4 weeks PI revealed severe to complete turbinate atrophy. Nasal turbinates were normal for control pigs in both experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Anatomic correlates of acoustic rhinometry as measured by rigid nasal endoscopy.

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) evaluates the cross-sectional areas and volume of the nasal cavity through acoustic reflections. Successive valleys displayed on an AR graph are believed to correspond to anatomic landmarks. To assess the anatomic accuracy of AR, we performed AR and endoscopic measurements with a rigid endoscope in 85 normal human subjects after topical decongestion. Endoscopic measurements were recorded for distances between the midcolumella and the nasal valve, the anterior end of the inferior turbinate, the anterior end of the middle turbinate, the midportion of the middle turbinate, and the posterior nasopharynx. The first AR valley most closely corresponded with endoscopic measurements of the nasal valve. The second valley had a mean value that corresponded with the anterior end of the inferior turbinate. The third valley matched best with the values of the anterior end of the middle turbinate. Nasopharyngeal measurements by each modality yielded a good agreement. AR appears to correspond to nasal anatomic landmarks but not in an exact point-to-point manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Laser-turbinectomy: long-term results.

Hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates is a common cause of nasal obstruction. Many cases respond to medical treatment with topical steroids or antihistamines. In some patients, however, this therapy is not sufficient and through the years many surgical procedures have been used to reduce the size of the inferior turbinates, but without any satisfactory long-term results. Furthermore, these procedures have often been painful to the patient and post-operative complications such as bleeding and crusting have not been uncommon. However, instead of conventional surgery of the turbinates, laser-surgery can be used to reduce their size. In order to investigate the long-term effect of such gross reduction of the turbinates we investigated the post-operative condition of 78 patients who had undergone CO2-laser-turbinectomy due to symptoms of nasal obstruction. Twenty-four to 36 months post-operatively three quarters of all the patients reported a marked decrease in nasal obstruction as well as a reduced frequency of nasal and sinus infections. No complications were reported and the procedure was without any discomfort to the patient. Thus, laser-turbinectomy seems to be an effective, simple and painless method for treatment of nasal obstruction due to hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[How can hyperreactive rhinopathy be modified surgically? II: Acoustic rhinometry and anterior turbinoplasty].

By means of the acoustic reflection technique, or acoustic rhinometry, all cross-sectional areas of the upper airway can be measured by an acoustic signal. In this paper, the normal mean curve of 134 normal probands is determined. This normal curve shows the minimum cross-sectional area (I-notch) to be located at the Isthmus nasi. The second narrowest segment of the nasal cavity is located at the head of the inferior concha (C-notch). In patients with turbinate hypertrophy due to allergic or vasomotor rhinitis the minimum cross-sectional area is sited at the head of the inferior turbinate. Furthermore, acoustic rhinometry allows the exact size and location of the congested mucosa to be determined following provocation with allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acoustic rhinometry could further demonstrate why nasal breathing in patients with turbinate hypertrophy improves in the long term after anterior turbinoplasty: in this operation the narrow cross-sectional areas at the head of the inferior turbinate are enlarged. Acoustic rhinometry not only allows the location and size of the various deviations of the nasal structures to be distinguished from normal (valve stenosis, septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, tumor masses), but also allows an exact demonstration of the efficacy of rhinosurgical techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Expression of guanylin and uroguanylin mRNA in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES: Guanylin and uroguanylin are small, heat-stable peptides that were originally isolated from the small intestine and from urine, respectively. Functionally, it has been proposed that these peptides can regulate ion and water transport in various fluid-transporting epithelia. In the present study we evaluated the presence of mRNAs for human guanylin and uroguanylin in human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression and localization of mRNAs for both peptides were investigated in inferior turbinate tissues and nasal polyps using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: mRNAs for both peptides were detected in human turbinate mucosa and nasal polyps. In situ hybridization revealed that they were localized in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands of inferior turbinate mucosa and in the epithelial layer of nasal polyps. However, their expression was noted at low levels in the superficial epithelium of nasal polyps, compared with that of inferior turbinate mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that guanylin and uroguanylin in the nasal mucosa may participate in normal physiological processes, but also suggest that altered expression of these genes in nasal polyps may cause impaired electrolyte and water transport across the epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Expression and distribution of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) may play a role in the defense of normal human nasal mucosa against external noxious stimuli. Based on the fact that normal nasal mucosa is continuously exposed to inhaled toxicants and contains a considerable number of inflammatory cells, Trx and TrxR may be upregulated even in normal nasal mucosa and perhaps the difference in their expression levels between normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, if it exists at all, is small and therefore difficult to detect. Further studies will be needed to clarify the roles of Trx and TrxR in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp. OBJECTIVES: The cellular antioxidant defense system includes thiol-containing proteins such as Trx and TrxR, which have recently attracted much attention due to their strong antioxidant radical quenching capabilities and other important biological functions related to the regulation of the cellular redox state. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and distribution of Trx and TrxR in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, and to improve understanding of the significance of the Trx system in these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression and distribution of Trx and TrxR in normal human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp were investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: mRNAs and protein for both Trx and TrxR were detected in normal human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that there was no significant difference in the expression levels of Trx and TrxR between inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Immunoreactivity for both Trx and TrxR was seen in nasal epithelial cells, glands and vascular endothelium of inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Trx and TrxR immunoreactivity was also found in inflammatory infiltrating cells in inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Surgical anatomy of the sphenopalatine artery in lateral nasal wall.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the surgical anatomy of the sphenopalatine artery. First, the location of the sphenopalatine foramen on the lateral nasal wall and the pattern of the main branches of the sphenopalatine artery from the sphenopalatine artery were studied. Second, the course of the posterior lateral nasal artery with respect to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone, and the pattern of distribution of its branches on the fontanelle was determined. Third, the distribution pattern on the inferior turbinate was analyzed. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty midsagittal sections of randomly selected Korean adult cadaver heads with intact sphenoid sinus and surrounding structures were used in the study. METHODS: The mucosa on the sphenopalatine foramen and its surrounding mucosa were removed with a microscissors, a fine forceps, and a pick to expose the sphenopalatine artery under an operating microscope (original magnification x6). RESULTS: The feeding vessels of the superior turbinate were from the septal artery in 36 cases (72%). The feeding vessels to the middle turbinate branch originated from the proximal portion of the posterior lateral nasal artery just after exiting the sphenopalatine foramen in 44 cases (88%). Some portion of the posterior lateral nasal artery ran anterior to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus in 38%. The major feeding arteries to the fontanelle were from the inferior turbinate branch in 25 cases (50%). In most cases, the inferior turbinate branch was the end artery of the posterior lateral nasal artery (98%). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides detailed information concerning the sphenopalatine artery, which we hope will help explain the arterial bleeding that may occur during ethmoidectomy, middle meatal antrostomy, conchotomy, and endoscopic ligation of the sphenopalatine artery.

Arteries↗