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PubMed1990

An efficient medium for the isolation of Trichomonas foetus.

Trials were conducted to compare a modification of a commercial medium with the 2 media currently used at the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, for the isolation of Trichomonas foetus. An antifungal agent was also added to the medium. Results obtained proved the modified medium to be more reliable for the isolation of T. foetus than the other 2, and the addition of antifungal more efficient in the control of contaminants.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[The effect of nitrofuran and asymmetrically substituted urea on Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus in vitro and in vivo].

Antitrichomonal activity of selected nitrofuran derivatives and asymmetrically substituted ureas was investigated in vitro and in vivo and compared with the activity of the effective therapeutic agent tinidazole. In experimental infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus in mice, some substituted urea derivatives exhibited an antiparasitic effect slightly lower than that of tinidazole. The substance N1-(3-nitrophenyl)-N3-(2-pyrimidinyl)urea proved to be the most effective of the substances tested. On the basis of preliminary toxicity tests the chemotherapeutic value of this substance appears to be promising.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Trichomonas vaginalis in the prostate gland.

Although the prostate gland is believed to serve as a parasite reservoir in trichomoniasis in men, and clinical association of trichomonads with prostatitis is common, there has been, to our knowledge, no unequivocal demonstration of Trichomonas vaginalis within the prostate gland. Using established immunoperoxidase procedures, we have positively identified trichomonads in the prostatic urethra, glandular lumina, submucosa, and stroma. Foci of nonspecific acute and chronic inflammation, as well as intraepithelial vacuolization, were associated with the infection. The finding of trichomonads within and beneath glandular epithelium necessitates reevaluation of the traditional view of T vaginalis as a strictly surface-dwelling organism.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis monoclonal antibodies inducing complement-dependent cytotoxicity.

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) have been produced in three fusions using mice immunized with live or killed Tv. The ELISA technique was used to test the binding activity of six out of the 48 mAbs produced. It was found that acetone fixation enhanced the binding activity of the antibodies and revealed hidden antigenic determinants. Thirty percent of the mAbs obtained from splenocytes of mice immunized with live Tv were of the IgG3 subtype. Two mAbs of the IgM and IgG3 subtypes demonstrated complement-fixing capacity. Incubation of these mAbs with live Tv and complement at 37 degrees for 30 min lysed the parasites. The lytic process was complement-dependent since in its absence the antibodies only agglutinated the parasites. The mAbs, when partially purified from ascitic fluids, had the same lytic activity as the native preparation. MAbs of the IgG1 subtype which did not fix complement, bound to Tv but did not lyse it. The lytic activity of the mAbs was not inhibited by cervico-vaginal secretions obtained from 14 women. It is suggested that mAbs could be used for diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Trichomonas vaginalis--identification by rapid BPT-Drăgan staining.

The blue-polychrome-tannin rapid staining (BPT-Drăgan, 1968) applied on fresh and dried vaginal smears makes possible the identification of different forms of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) parasite. The nucleus is coloured in blue-violet and the cytoplasm in various degrees of blue-green, violet or bichromatical, with blue and violet zones at the cell periphery. In the cytoplasm, the staining allows the identification of many granules and vacuoles. All the stainable substrates have an acid character and represent morphohistochemical aspects which reflect the parasite metabolism in different functional and evolutive stages. Our results allow the recommendation of the method in the screening actions of the TV identifications.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Macrophage activation and lymphokine production in the mouse by lymphocytes sensitized against Trichomonas vaginalis].

In this study we have examined whether resident peritoneal macrophages could be activated in vitro by immune T lymphocytes obtained from mice which were immunized with live Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). T lymphocytes obtained from mice previously sensitized against T. vaginalis, showed a significant proliferative response when cultured in vitro in the presence of T. vaginalis. Resident peritoneal macrophages obtained from untreated syngenic Balb/c mice revealed an increasing cytotoxic activity against the protozoa when seeded with increasing concentrations of purified immune T lymphocytes and a constant number of H3 thymidine-labeled T. vaginalis. This cytotoxicity was detectable after 24 h of culture and peaked after 48 h. Supernatants obtained from cocultures of macrophages, immune T lymphocytes and T. vaginalis contained gamma-Interferon and TNF alpha/beta.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Evidence of the non-infectivity of herpes simplex viral particles in Trichomonas vaginalis.

Fan et al., employing an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique, reported the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in Trichomonas vaginalis. However, using the same method, we found that the protozoa showed autofluorescence immediately after acetone fixation. In order to demonstrate the non-infectivity of HSV-2 in T. vaginalis, several other methods were performed in this study. Trichomonads were experimentally incubated together with HSV-2 and examined after immunofluorescent staining procedures. Organisms without any contact with HSV-2 were used as control. Results obtained from both vital stained and methanol-fixed organisms failed to show any fluorescence. Data from DNA fluorochrome staining, immunoblot, electron microscopy and viral titer assay were in accordance with the results of the IFA method. No obvious difference between the freshly isolated and the long term-cultured organisms could be detected by these methods. All strains of T. vaginalis investigated by this study failed to show the presence of intracellular HSV-2.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Suppression of humoral immune responses in mice by antigens derived from Trichomonas vaginalis.

The occurrence of immunosuppression in mice inoculated with antigens prepared from Trichomonas vaginalis was investigated in this study. One hundred and fourteen BALB/c mice with half of each sex were divided into 19 groups and inoculated with different antigen preparations before or after sheep red blood cell (Srbc) immunization. Antigen preparations included live T. vaginalis (LTV), excretory and secretory products (ESP), and freeze and thaw antigens (FTA). The immunosuppressive effects of these T. vaginalis-derived antigens were demonstrated by the decrease of hemagglutination titers to Srbc. Results indicated that all three antigen preparations exhibited immunodepressive potentials in the primary and secondary responses to Srbc. Among them, FTA showed the highest inhibitory effect. The duration of the effect persisted for 21 days. The immunosuppressive effect was not observed for antigens which were given after Srbc injection.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Diarrhea associated with Trichomonas hominis in a newborn infant].

One female newborn infant with protracted diarrhea in whom associated Trichomonas homonis trophozoites were identified, is presented. Diarrhea in the infant persisted more than 30 days while in the hospital. Another causes of diarrhea, such as metabolic disorders, and bacterial, parasitic or viral infections were not identified. When furazolidone treatment was administered, the therapeutic response was very good, diarrhea disappeared and normal weight increase rate was recovered. It is pointed out that T. hominis might be a potential intestinal pathogen on human beings, specially on immunocompromised hosts, as newborn and malnourished infants are.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗

PubMed1989

Comparative in vitro sensitivity to metronidazole of Trichomonas vaginalis with isolates and clones.

Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis from a group of Thai women in Khon Kaen, Thailand were studies for their in vitro sensitivity to metronidazole. Forty-five isolates of T. vaginalis and further 226 laboratory clones of these isolates were examined for drug sensitivity under anaerobic conditions using the CPLM (Cysteine-Peptone-Liver infusion Maltose) medium. The in vitro sensitivity of T. vaginalis to metronidazole, recorded as MLC values revealed highly variable sensitivity profiles Greater than 90% of the trichomonads studies were susceptible to relatively low concentrations of metronidazole in the range of 1-10 micrograms/ml. The remaining fraction of trichomonads, appeared to be less sensitive and required higher concentration of drug to attain the MLCs. The highest recorded MLC was 60 micrograms/ml. The geometric mean MLC of the 45 isolates was 7.99 micrograms/ml while that of The influence of the individual clones of subpopulations of T. vaginalis on the observed sensitivity of the isolate was also examined. A positive linear relationship was observed between the MLC of the isolated and the MLC of the least sensitive clone of the same isolate (p less than 0.05). This suggests that the most resistant clone present within an isolate of T. vaginalis plays an important role in determining the overall drug sensitivity of the isolate.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. The epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and concerns about transmission are discussed.

Carrier State↗

PubMed1989

Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis in a black population.

Trichomonas vaginalis infection (TVI) was found by examination of Pap smears in 25% of 3,005 unselected urban black women being screened for cancer of the cervix and vagina. The incidence was 22% in the group under 29 years of age; 69% in those between 30 and 59; and 9% in those over 60. Women who had had a hysterectomy had 16% lower incidence of TVI than did the controls. Class 1 reports (atypia, metaplasia, hyperplasia) were obtained in 10% of the entire group. Cytologic changes were present in 19% of the women with TVI. Women who had had hysterectomy had a 40% less chance of having a class 1 report compared with controls. Class 1 reports occurred 2.7 times more frequently in TVI than in uninfected controls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Observation of the processes of phagocytosis and digestion of Staphylococcus aureus by Trichomonas vaginalis using a transmission electron microscope].

Trichomonas vaginalis was incubated with bacteria for 30 min. After centrifugation of Staphylococcus aureus, incubation of T. vaginalis was continued for 40 min., 120 min. and 6 hrs. It was found that bacteria have been intensively phagocytated through whole surface of protozoan. Phagosome with bacteria at different stages of degradation, up to defecation of undigested residues were observed. It was observed that some bacteria, apparently not susceptible to digestion, were immersed directly in cytoplasm (outside vacuoles).

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Secretory hydrolases of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Supernatants of three Trichomonas vaginalis strains obtained from culture or after contact and cultivation with WISH cells were assayed to characterize the nature of the factor/s responsible for the cytotoxic activity on WISH cell monolayers. This factor, mainly secreted from the live, exponentially grown parasite, with a molecular weight higher than 10,000 daltons and heat-unstable, does not appear to be a protease. In its place, we demonstrated that the presence of some hydrolases (particularly acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) was related to the cytotoxic activity of T. vaginalis strains. Hence, some hydrolytic enzymes may indicate the pathogenetic role of a T. vaginalis strain.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Characterization of a secreted cytoactive factor from Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas vaginalis, grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with or without serum, produced a factor (TVF) which altered the morphology of certain mammalian cells in vitro. TVF had a Mr of approximately 250 kDa by gel filtration, approximately 50 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and was heat (56 degrees C, 30 min) and pH (greater than 6 or less than 8) labile. Co-incubation of TVF with adherent target cells caused a marked rounding and clumping of BHK-21 or CHO-K1 cells, but had no effect on RK-13 or WEHI-3 cells. These morphologic changes were concentration, time, and energy dependent. Reversibility was attained by exogenous serum addition (greater than 10%) or TVF washout. Target cell perturbations were not accompanied by significant changes in growth (as measured by nuclei counts, DNA content, or 3H-thymidine incorporation), in cell leakage (as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release), or in cell viability (by trypan blue dye exclusion). TVF-induced effects were independent of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in BHK cells exposed for 5 min-24 hr.

Agglutination↗

PubMed1988

Frequency of cervico-vaginal infections (Trichomonas vaginalis; Chlamydia trachomatis -CHL-; herpes simplex virus -HSV-; human papilloma virus -HPV-) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The Authors have carried out a cyto-hystologic study on 533 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) devoted to identifying the association frequency between cervical dysplastic lesions and cervico-vaginal infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia Trachomatis, Herpes Simplex virus and Human Papilloma virus. HPV lesions have revealed the pathology found more frequently in CIN lesions (33.2%) compared to 0.19% in the normal population, while the other infections have not shown significant differences between dysplastic lesions and normal control. In patients with CIN, the assumption of the estro-progestinic pill does not seem to contribute to the increase of frequency of cervico-vaginal infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Study of an oral protozoan Trichomonas tenax using scanning and transmission electron microscopy].

The study with scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Trichomonas tenax gave morphological information on this protozoon. The oval-shaped cell body showed at the anterior pole four free flagella and a trailing flagellum which had an undulating membrane. The axostyle which consisted of microtubules and produced the cellular rigidity emerged at the posterior pole. An ovoid nucleus and a well-developed Golgi apparatus were located at the anterior pole. At the latter, a pelta consisting of horizontal microtubulus surrounding the kinetoplats from which started the flagella was also found. No mitochondria were observed: they were replaced by chromatin granules or hydrogenosomes. Numerous vacuoles and developing vesicles were found in the cytoplasm. Phagocytized bacteria were in an advanced stage of lysis. Others seemed intact showing even division phases.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1985

A linear double-stranded RNA in Trichomonas vaginalis.

A "double-stranded" RNA was identified in the anaerobic, parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Electron microscopic evidence indicated linear double-stranded structure 1.5 micron in length, with no apparent hairpins or loops. Boiling in 30% dimethyl sulfoxide denatured it into single strands of 1.5 micron and shorter fragments. It consists of 23.4% G, 23.4% C, 23.0% A, and 30.3% U and melts at a transition temperature of 81.7 degrees C in 75 mM NaCl and 7.5 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0, with 7-15% hyperchromicity. The 32P-labeled double-stranded RNA hybridized specifically with T. vaginalis DNA fragments in a single DNA band from EcoRI digest and two DNA bands from HindIII digest. Of the 33 different strains or isolates of T. vaginalis examined, all contained this double-stranded RNA. However, the only two metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis strains examined thus far (IR78 and 85) contained no detectable double-stranded RNA, although the corresponding DNA sequence was present. DNA fragments of Escherichia coli and Giardia lamblia did not hybridize with the double-stranded RNA. But DNA fragments of a metronidazole-sensitive Tritrichomonas foetus hybridized specifically with the double-stranded RNA, even though this organism does not contain the double-stranded RNA itself.

Animals↗