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Sore throat, tonsillitis, and adenoiditis.

Diseases of the adenoids and tonsils are a frequent cause for patients to seek medical attention. A thorough understanding of the disease processes reflected in the adenoids and tonsils and their diagnosis and treatment is an important part of routine care delivery. Diagnostic methodologies and timing of surgical intervention are reviewed along with general considerations relating to the differential diagnosis in adult and pediatric patients.

Abscess↗

Ear, nose, and throat manifestations of sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis rarely affects the head and neck and represents a diagnostic challenge to the otolaryngologist. The signs and symptoms of sarcoidosis in this area are not specific and can mimic much more common disorders. Biopsy is usually necessary to make the diagnosis. Appropriate evaluations and referrals should be made once there is suspicion of sarcoidosis. Steroids remain the mainstay of the therapeutic options; however, newer agents are being used more frequently. Long-term treatment and follow-up are necessary, because the disease tends to progress and to respond unpredictably to treatment.

Ear Diseases↗

Throat disorders.

Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pharyngitis and reflux laryngitis have changed the treatments for these disorders. New diagnostic and treatment strategies for head and neck lymphadenopathy, snoring, and sleep apnea are discussed, as well as the changing indications for tonsillectomy and uvulopalatoplasty.

Biopsy, Needle↗