Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Strabismus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

A simple method for screening of children with strabismus, anisometropia or ametropia by simultaneous photography of the corneal and the fundus reflexes.

A simple screening method for detecting strabismus, anisometropia and ametropia in young children by simultaneous photography of the corneal and fundus reflexes with a conventional camera and flashlight is presented. The method is the photographic application of the von Brückner Durchleuchtung test and static skiascopy. The objective document from the external part of the eyes and the face is obtained at the same time. Model photographs with certain gaze deviation angles are presented with the method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Scleral dellen in strabismus surgery.

This communication highlights scleral dellen as an unusual complication of strabismus surgery in a 55-year-old hypertensive male. The clinical significance, differential diagnosis and management of this condition has been discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Topical anesthesia and adjustable sutures in strabismus surgery.

Our experience with the use of topical anesthesia and adjustable sutures in a one-stage operation for treatment of strabismus is discussed, and selected cases are presented. In addition to using the method in recession, we have also developed a method for using adjustable sutures in resection of muscles. We have also found the method useful in reoperations and in operations on paretic muscles.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Use of polyurethane with sustained release dexamethasone in delayed adjustable strabismus surgery.

AIM: To determine the effect of polyurethane film with sustained release dexamethasone (SRD) in delayed adjustable strabismus surgery. METHODS: A prospective, masked observer, controlled study was performed in rabbits. Thirty four rabbit eyes were divided into three groups. After recession of the superior rectus muscle (SRM), polyurethane film with or without SRD, or balanced salt solution was applied beneath and over SRM in the polyurethane-dexamethasone group (group P-D), polyurethane group (group P), and the control group (group C), respectively. Delayed adjustment was performed once on each SRM at 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively by a masked observer. The possible length to adjust and the necessary force required for the adjustment, as well as the degree of any adhesions, were also evaluated. RESULTS: In the control group, adjustment was impossible in all of the eyes at 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively. In group P-D, adjustment was possible in 11 out of 11 eyes (11/11) 4 weeks postoperatively and in 10/11 eyes 6 weeks postoperatively. In group P, adjustment was possible in 9/11 eyes 4 weeks postoperatively and in 10/12 eyes 6 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Use of polyurethane film with and without SRD could delay adjustment in most eyes for up to 6 weeks postoperatively. Polyurethane is helpful for delaying adjustment in rabbit eyes until 6 weeks postoperatively without the need for frequent topical instillation of steroids.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Comparison of a new, minimally invasive strabismus surgery technique with the usual limbal approach for rectus muscle recession and plication.

AIM: To present a novel, minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) technique for rectus muscle operations. METHODS: In this prospective study with a non-concurrent, retrospective comparison group, the first 20 consecutive patients treated with MISS were matched by age, diagnosis and muscles operated on, with 20 patients with a limbal opening operated on by the same surgeon at Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland. A total of 39 muscles were operated on. MISS is performed by applying two small radial cuts along the superior and inferior muscle margin. After muscle separation from surrounding tissue, a recession or plication is performed through the resulting tunnel. Alignment, binocular single vision, variations in vision, refraction, and number and types of complications during the first 6 postoperative months were registered. RESULTS: Visual acuity decreased at postoperative day 1 in both groups. The decrease was less pronounced in the group operated on with MISS (difference of decrease 0.14 logMAR, p<0.001). An abnormal lid swelling at day 1 was more frequent in the control group (21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 9% to 41%, 5/24 v 0%, 95% CI 0 to 13%, 0/25, p<0.05). No significant difference was found for final alignment, binocular single vision, other visual acuities, refractive changes or complications (allergic reactions, dellen formation, abnormal conjuctival findings). A conversion to a limbal opening was necessary in 5% (95% CI 2% to 17%, 2/39) of muscles. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that this new, small-incision, minimal dissection technique is feasible. The MISS technique seems to be superior in the direct postoperative period as better visual acuities and less lid swelling were observed. Long-term results did not differ in the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Genetic analysis of cover test measures and AC/A ratio in human populations with varying incidences of strabismus.

The genetic analyses of indices relating to distance alignment and accommodative convergence are presented. This approach is important in understanding the contribution of genetic factors to observed individual differences for these measures. Abnormalities of either of these two components results in a tendency towards either a convergent or divergent position of the eyes (relative to the position of fusional demand) and thus places an additional load or strain on the other components of the binocular mechanism which must compensate for this potential disruption. If compensation is inadequate to maintain alignment of the eyes, a manifest deviation will result. Consequently, an understanding of the aetiology of such factors underlies an understanding of the aetiology of nonparalytic strabismus. The three populations displayed different tendencies in the cover test measure. The average tendency for each of the populations was consistent with the type of deviation common to all propositi of families within each of the respective populations. The heritability of this character was similar in the three populations and was dependent on the contribution of the female parent only, but to a substantial degree (h2 = 0-42 +/- 0-12). The nature of the sex difference is at present open to speculation. The population means within generations were similar for the gradient measure of AC/A ratio. The heritability of this character (0-38 +/- 0-09) suggests that the genetic component is of substantial importance underlying individual differences for AC/A ratio.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1977

Colchicine suppression of corneal healing after strabismus surgery.

Two patients who had previously undergone uneventful operations for strabismus showed healing of corneal dellen and erosion after withdrawal of colchicine therapy. It is suggested that the exhibition of colchicine therapy for familial Mediterranean fever in these two cases was responsible for initial persistence of these two postoperative complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Results in 50 cases of strabismus after graduated surgery designed by A scan ultrasonography.

Of 50 cases of strabismus having surgical operations designed on the basis of A scan ultrasonography 45 (90%) had less than 10 dioptres eso- or exodeviation two months postoperatively; 22 eso-, 25 exo-, and 3 vertical deviations were included in the series. A scan ultrasonography is done preoperatively to find the diameter and thus the circumference of the globe. This is used with the angle of deviation to estimate the amount of recession and/or resection necessary to correct the deviation. Attention is drawn to the oculomotor axis, which is 10-12 degrees divergent to the anteroposterior axis and around which the recti muscles act. The oculomotor equator is at right angles to this axis and is closer to the limbus medially than laterally, so that excessive recession of the medial rectus is more likely than of the lateral rectus.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Paralytic strabismus correction by adjustable suture technique.

The surgical correction of four cases of paralytic strabismus, in which the muscle is repositioned postoperatively with the active co-operation of the patient, is described. The method adopted by the author, by inserting the suture near the limbus, increases the degree of adjustability and allows for more extensive repositioning of the conjunctiva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Paralytic strabismus: the role of botulinum toxin.

Five adults with acute extraocular muscle palsies followed by limited recovery of muscle function were treated with injections of botulinum toxin A to the ipsilateral antagonist of the affected muscle. Three were cases of unilateral sixth nerve palsy, one of bilateral sixth nerve palsy, and one of third nerve palsy. After a period of paralysis, during which the strabismus was overcorrected, the injected muscle recovered and binocular sensory and motor functions were restored and have been maintained for periods of up to 21 months. The treatment is a safe and effective alternative to surgery, particularly in cases in which a general anaesthetic is not advisable.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1988

Why should surgery for early-onset strabismus be postponed?

The author presents a continued study of 82 cases of pseudoparalysis of the bilateral rectus muscles in early-onset convergent strabismus following early surgery. Up to 10 years after surgery motor results show that 72% of cases remain within +/- 10 prism dioptres after a single surgical procedure. Sensorial findings corroborate the results of other authors' studies in that binocular association is only achieved in those patients where surgery was carried out at a very young age, not older than 1 year. Surgical procedures consisting of bimedial rectus recession with retroequatorial myopexy are described and the development of alphabetical syndromes and dissociated vertical divergence discussed. The evolution of refraction in these cases is also shown.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Stability of one-stage adjustable suture for the correction of horizontal strabismus.

One-stage adjustable suture for strabismus correction, with the whole operation done under topical anaesthesia and adjustment done on the table, was performed on 45 consecutive patients. The stability of the post-adjustment result was studied by comparing the post-adjustment deviation on the operating table to that at six weeks and three months after operation. The stability was comparable to that following the usual two-stage adjustable suture. The original angle of deviation and the fusion status were found to have no bearing on the stability of the procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Use of physical barriers for delayed adjustable strabismus surgery: the effect of interceed and polyglactin 910 mesh.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: In the course of adjustable strabismus surgery there is only a limited period after surgery before the formation of firm adhesions prevents successful adjustment. To determine if this period could be increased by the interposition of suitable physical barriers, the use of Interceed and polyglactin 910 mesh was investigated in an animal model. METHODS: A total of 39 rabbit eyes were divided into three groups. After recession of the superior rectus muscle (SRM), balanced salt solution was applied to the control group between the free muscle end and the sclera; in each of the two experimental groups, Interceed and polyglactin 910 mesh were applied. Delayed adjustment was performed once on each SRM at 1, 2, or 3 weeks postoperatively. The length and force of the adjustment, the degree of adhesions, and the degree of fibrous proliferation were recorded. RESULTS: Adjustment was not possible in any of the eyes in the control group. At 1 week postoperatively, adjustment was possible in four out of five eyes with Interceed and in three out of five eyes with polyglactin 910 mesh as a physical barrier. CONCLUSIONS: Interceed may be clinically useful in delaying the timing of adjustment up to 1 week. Further study of the use of other materials could be carried out to see if it was possible to delay the timing of adjustment for more than 1 week.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

New approach in strabismus surgery in high myopia.

AIMS: To develop appropriate methods of eye muscle surgery in highly myopic patients with esotropia and hypotropia, with respect to the pathological findings in high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: 35 patients with unilateral or bilateral high myopia and strabismus--that is, axial length of the globe averaged 29.4 mm. Multiple coronal, transverse, and parasagittal MRI image planes were obtained using a Siemens Magnetom 1.5 tesla MRI scanner. In 15 patients with a pathological plane of recti extraocular muscles found by MRI and confirmed intraoperatively, a new technique of eye muscle surgery was performed to re-establish the physiological muscle plane. This was checked postoperatively in addition to the measurement of alignment and motility by MRI. RESULTS: The new MRI finding of a dislocation of the lateral rectus (LR) into the temporocaudal quadrant by 3.4 mm requires new surgical techniques. Only fixing the LR in the physiological meridian at the equator with a silicone loop ('guide pulley') or a non-absorbable suture is a causal therapy. This yields alignment and improves abduction and elevation. CONCLUSIONS: If the described misalignment of the LR is detected by MRI, a common high dosage recess-resect procedure for esotropia may even aggravate the deviation. The most important aim of eye muscle surgery is to normalise the pathological path of the LR. The restoration of the physiological function of the dislocated LR is remarkable.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of ADCON-L on adjustable strabismus surgery in rabbits.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In search of a way to prevent postoperative adhesion after strabismus surgery, an animal study was performed to assess the effect of a gel consisting of a polyglycan ester in a gelatin matrix (ADCON-L). METHODS: Bilateral recessions of superior rectus muscle (SR) were performed on 16 rabbits. ADCON-L was applied beneath and over the SR in the right eyes of all rabbits, while the operative fields in the left eyes were irrigated with a balanced salt solution (BSS). The adjustment was performed on each SR at 4 and 7 days postoperatively on the same eye. The length and force of the adjustment and the degree of adhesion were recorded. At 3 weeks postoperatively, disinsertional force was measured in several of the eyes, and the other eyes were enucleated. RESULTS: The length of the adjustment was longer and the force of the adjustment was less in the ADCON-L group than in the BSS treated group at 4 and 7 days postoperatively (p=0.00). A significant reduction (p=0.00) in the degree of adhesion was noted in eyes treated with ADCON-L. There was no significant difference in disinsertional force between the two groups. Histopathological evaluation of the muscle revealed decreased fibrosis of perimuscular connective tissue in eyes treated with ADCON-L at 3 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that ADCON-L helps to prevent postoperative adhesion in rabbits and enables adjustment twice within 7 days postoperatively without complications.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Delayed speech development, facial asymmetry, strabismus, and transverse ear lobe creases: a new syndrome?

A 4 year 9 month old boy and his 3 year 5 month old sister presented with delayed speech development, facial asymmetry, strabismus, and transverse ear lobe creases. The same features were found in their mother, but the father had no such anomalies. To our knowledge this familial association has not been described before and may represent an autosomal dominant syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Strabismus and sensory-motor function of eye muscles.

Paul Bach-y-Rita and coworkers at the Smith-Kettlewell Institute of Visual Science of San Francisco were among the first to record activity in the muscle fibers of the eye muscles in animals. With their newly developed methods, they could describe fast and slow muscle fibers types and present possible patterns of recruitment of the fibers in different eye movements. These studies have been critical for continued animal research on eye muscle fibers and motor units in different species and in animals of different ages. Bach-y-Rita and coworkers also recorded from receptors in the muscles and demonstrated stretch reflexes different from those of skeletal muscles. Further research in animals revealed that it was difficult to delineate the functional role of the muscle receptors in oculomotor control. However, recent studies on sensory functions of human extra ocular muscles have suggested that proprioception participates in space localization, and the functions may differ in normal and strabismic subjects. The eye muscle studies initiated by Bach-y-Rita have enabled analysis of the sensory-motor components of strabismus or squint in greater detail than before.

Animals↗