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PubMed1976

Aggressive behavior and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study.

The current status of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, a measure of aggressive verbal behavior in response to frustration at the developmental levels of the child, the adolescent and the adult, is described. Conceived as generically or essentially self-assertive, aggression can be viewed as affirmative or negative, constructive or destructive in effect. Six categories, three under direction and three under type, have been conceptualized to define the modes of aggressive response. These interrelated categories combine into nine scoring factors. Norms at the various age levels have been established, and the reliability and validity of the instrument have veen determined. Pragmatic validity has been shown in the investigation of behavior disorders, psychosomatic conditions, delinquency, school adjustment, and a large variety of vocational and social problems. The P-F has been adapted and standardized world-wide (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Argentina, Brazil, India, Japan). Its applicability in cross-cultural research has been demonstrated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

-A new role for the pediatrician: the prevention of social violence-.

Social violence is a kind of violence which is applied by one individual to another. It is a stake in the field of public health because of an increasing number of children with such behaviors. In addition to environmental factors, the occurrence of abnormal social behavior before 9 years of age seems to precede social violence for the subsequent 20 years of life. One must therefore identify an inadequate attitude towards the parents and/or the teachers, or a poor child's self-esteem and self-respect. These phenomena are based on parental authority, on the ethical development of the child, on his verbalization capacity, on his socialization and his affective development. It is therefore important to stimulate ethical capacities and feelings in the child not only to provide autonomy but also to allow reflexive distinction of language, behavior and judgment, which enable him to understand, consider and respect other individuals.

Affect↗
PubMed2003

The relationship between attachment strategies and psychopathology in adolescence.

AIM: The majority of research investigating attachment and psychopathology has focused largely on children, and more recently adults. By comparison, few studies have considered the role of attachment on the development of psychopathology during adolescence. The scarcity of studies in this area is surprising given that adolescence is a critical period of psychological adjustment. This study investigates attachment patterns in adolescence and their relationship to symptomatology and interpersonal difficulties. METHOD: A two-sample comparative design was employed so that a clinical group of adolescents were compared with a matched non-clinical group, on attachment classifications (using a modified Separation Anxiety Test), reported interpersonal difficulties and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the clinical and non-clinical groups on attachment classifications. Adolescents with ambivalent attachment patterns reported significantly more interpersonal difficulties and symptoms compared to young people classified as having secure and avoidant attachment classifications. The results are suggestive of specific differences in the way difficulties are reported. CONCLUSION: The findings are consistent with two strategies of affect regulation. It is proposed that a 'hyperactivating' strategy and a 'deactivating' strategy may be operating among those adolescents with ambivalent and avoidant attachment classifications, respectively. The implications of using self-report measures in clinical work and for evidence-based practice are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preferred pathways of behavioral contagion.

A behavioral disorder is "contagious" if the risk to a given individual increases when someone in that person's vicinity, family, or social group develops the disorder. So understood, behavioral contagion may be involved in criminality, conduct disorder, drug abuse, suicide, and teenage pregnancy. Previous papers have shown that contagion generates highly distinctive result patterns, from which its presence may be inferred. The patterns concern prevalence in sibships of different size and, in case-control designs, the number of susceptible sibs that affected and unaffected individuals have. The present paper extends the analysis by allowing the likelihood of transmission from one sib to another to vary according as the two sibs are of the same or opposite gender, male or female, single borns or co-twins, fraternal or identical twins. The extension is illustrated by application to data on criminality in Danish twins previously reported by other workers. We will show that the distribution of criminality by gender and zygosity is better explained in terms of behavioral contagion than by previous analyses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Mentally disordered offenders. Patterns in the relationship between mental disorder and crime.

Five patterns among mentally disordered offenders are distinguished by the relationship between mental disorder, on the one hand, and criminality, on the other. Pattern 1 offenders are those for whom crime is a response to psychotic symptoms, most often delusions or hallucinations. Pattern 2 offenders commit crimes motivated by compulsive desires, such as sex offenses by paraphiles and offenses regarded as evidence of disorders of impulse control. Pattern 3 offenders are those with personality disorder for whom the crime is merely one example of a maladaptive pattern of voluntary and knowing behavior. Pattern 4 offenders have coincidental mental illness that is unrelated to the crime. Pattern 5 offenders are those who become mentally disordered or feign mental disorder as a result of their crimes, such as those who dissociate upon seeing what they have done, those who become depressed in prison, those who become psychotic on death row, and those who malinger mental illness. Although these categories do not determine whether offenders are responsible for their behavior, some unknown proportion of Pattern 1 offenders do meet legal criteria for insanity, depending on the facts of each case and the applicable legal standards. It is arguable whether or not Pattern 2 offenders ever meet legal criteria of insanity. Offenders evidencing only Patterns 3, 4, or 5 are not candidates for an insanity defense.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[How effective are interventions in children and adolescents with antisocial behavior? A utilization study].

OBJECTIVE: Anti-social behavior in childhood and adolescence represents a frequent behavior disorder in this age group and its prognosis is predominantly unfavourable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome and predictors of outpatients and inpatients with conduct disorders and internalizing disorders. METHOD: We compared a 10 year follow-up history of in- and outpatients with conduct disorders and internalizing disorders. The sample of patients with conduct disorders was divided into three groups ("I": F90.1; "E": F91.2, F92; "D": F91.1, F91.3). The outcome was defined as an improvement of psychosocial functioning (SGKJ). Statistical analysis consisted of Fisher exact test and logistical regression. RESULTS: Our findings showed the best results in patients with the ICD 10 diagnosis F90.1. Inpatient treatment was superior to outpatient treatment. Cooperation of parents and children, severeness of disease, psychosocial risk factors and pharmacotherapy were found to be the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of an outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with conduct disorders can be increased by training of parents, home treatment or pharmacotherapy.

Adolescent↗