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PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal microflora in children from Mongolia, Russia, and Switzerland].

Intestinal microflora was studied in 3 groups of children; 55--living in Mongolia, 18--in Switzerland and 28--in Russia. Age of children of both sexual groups was 1.5-3 years. This study revealed that in none of these groups of clinically healthy children living in different regions and having different diet normal intestinal microflora corresponded to the standard considered to be the norm. The revision of norm criteria for normal intestinal microflora in children is recommended.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

[Biology of the house dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. II. Incidence of mites in the various regions of Switzerland and its dependence on climate].

Seasonal examinations of dust samples from Basel and surroundings have shown that the number of mites increases during the months of August through October. Dust samples were then collected from various climatic regions of Switzerland during August and tseptember. Samples originating from places where the temperature was above 12 degrees C and relative humidity above 68% over a period of 4-5 months yielded a high mite count. Regions with these climatic conditions are therefore unfavourable for patients allergic to house-dust.

Altitude↗
PubMed2001

[Occurrence of scrapie in Switzerland: an anonymous cross-sectional study].

Scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats, which leads to neurological signs and ends with the death of the infected animal. In Switzerland only a few cases were reported since 1982. In 1999, a questionnaire survey was conducted to increase information about neurological diseases in sheep and goat breeding farms. The aim was to estimate the frequency of neurological disorders including Scrapie and to increase the disease awareness of sheep and goat breeders. The main goal of the study was to increase the reporting of suspect cases of Scrapie and its differential diagnoses. Out of a database of all registered farms with at least five breeding sheep or breeding goats a random sample of 4711 was drawn to which anonymous questionnaires were sent. The return rate was 36%. In a parallel study, 150 voluntarily participants were interviewed using the same questionnaire. The results of both parts of the survey coincided. For the years 1997 and 1998, on average 1.0% of the breeding sheep and breeding goats showed neurological signs. 7.7% of the breeders indicated to have observed animals with neurological symptoms in their flock. At the population level, a total of 1954-2336 animals with neurological signs are observed in 691-929 flocks. The minority is reported to the veterinary authorities.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Quality management at the University Hospital and Orthopedic Hospital of French-speaking Switzerland: coherence in diversity].

All hospitals in Switzerland will have to set up and run a quality management system, according to legal and contract requirements. However, their context and characteristics are quite different, and will have an impact on the type of system they will select and implement. The University Hospital in Lausanne and the Hôpital Orthopédique de la Suisse Romande are neighbour hospitals, which run an orthopaedic ward on both locations. Despite their different sizes, they need a common philosophy and collaboration to set up and run their quality management system. The different stages, strengths and difficulties of both projects are described and compared. The illustrate how coherent the two projects can be despite their initial diversity.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2001

[Tooth loss, dental restorations and dental attendance in Switzerland].

The aim of this study is to report about the dental health situation in Switzerland and to evaluate frequencies of dental visits. Data were obtained from the first and second national Health Survey of the Federal Office for Statistics in 1992/3 and 1997. Based on a random sample of the population aged from 15 to 74 years, 71% participated in an oral interviews and of this group of individuals, 75% later filled in a written questionnaire in 1992/3. Data analysis showed that the proportion of the fully dentate population (28 remaining teeth) is 41%, while almost 50% had some prosthetic treatment. 31% were treated with fixed prostheses, i.e.crowns and/or bridges, and 19% with removable prostheses, i.e. partial and/or full dentures. With increasing age the number of missing teeth and the frequency of prosthetic treatment went up. The population with prosthodontic reconstruction increased mainly in the third and forth decades. In the elderly population (age 65-74 years), a shift was observed from fixed to removable prostheses; two thirds in this groups was restored with removable prostheses. The proportion of subjects visiting the dentist was by 70% in 1992/3 and declined to 65% in 1997. Subjects wearing removable prostheses had apparently lower frequencies (43%) in dental visits than subjects with fixed prostheses (80%). A potential concern exists for the edentulous population who presented a limited need for dental visits of only 22% during the year preceding the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Return of immigrants: a cluster analysis of mesotheliomas among residents of the Veneto region who used to work at the ETERNIT AG factory at Niederurnen, Switzerland].

We identified 5 mesotheliomas among Italian migrant workers who returned home and settled in the Veneto Region, after employment at the ETERNIT AG factory in Switzerland. During the 1970s the factory employed about 1000 workers and the presence of Italian migrants was relevant. The cluster confirms that migration for work has caused exposures to carcinogenic substances and confirms that neoplastic diseases are occurring among those resettled in Italy and helps explaining the high occurrence of mesotheliomas in this country.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of climatic changes on the phenology of plants and the presence of pollen in the air in Switzerland].

The phenologic observations carried out in Switzerland since 1951 show a clear tendency to the earlier appearance of the spring phases of development of the vegetation during last decades. As these phases are strongly influenced by the temperature, these results reinforce the hypothesis according to which the climatic reheating in progress strongly influences the development of the vegetation. The flowering and the release of the pollen of the plants allergens are significant phenologic phases for human health. Modifications in their dates of manifestation lead to a displacement of the periods of allergic risk. The analysis of the aerobiologic data of the Swiss stations over one duration of more than 20 years showed that the species which flower in winter and in spring were subject to the influence of the soft winters of the years 1990 to 2000. In certain areas the pollen of birch, for example, is nowadays waited on average 3 weeks earlier than 20 years ago, whereas the pollen of ash appears with one month in advance. The phenologic and aeropalynologic studies thus prove sensitive witnesses of the climatic change in progress. This last intervenes like an indirect but significant component of human health, in particular when the field of the allergies is considered.

Air↗
PubMed1989

[Overlying cultural factors: the saturation of tensions as an explanation of fertility decline in Switzerland].

"The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the recent decline of fertility in Switzerland with a saturation model. This process, which can be observed in the majority of highly developed countries since about 1965, is part of a long-term process of limitation of births." Factors considered in the model include the segregation between the work place and household, the development of social security systems, excessive consumption, and changing values. The model attempts to show that individuals are experiencing increasing structural and cultural tensions due to an increase in the impact of such factors that lead them to react in a variety of ways, some of which can affect the number and timing of births. The author suggests that both the fertility level and fertility decline have different determinants and concludes that fears of the "dying out" of the Swiss population are premature. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Behavior↗
PubMed1975

[Frequency of juvenile diabetes mellitus in the Canton Bern (Switzerland)].

The prevalence of juvenile diabetes in the under-20 age group was found to vary from 5.2 to 9.8 per 10 000 juvenile population in Canton of Bern (Switzerland), varying with the region. The overall prevalence was 5.9/10 000. There were twice as many juvenile diabetics in the mountain region than in the other two geographically different areas. The survey was carried out with the help of practitioners and chiefs of hospital services. Participation was close to 100%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Asylum in Switzerland. Some aspects of refugee migration].

"Switzerland is the European country which, after Sweden, has received the highest number of refugees (30,000) in proportion to its population. Asylum seekers have increased considerably since 1979. They are coming mostly from Third World, politically unsettled countries. The essay presents the results of a survey conducted in Geneva on a sample of 549 asylum seekers assisted by public welfare agencies from 1974 to 1983. These refugees belong to the younger age bracket of the active population. About half of them have completed their secondary or tertiary education. But their professional, social and cultural adjustment poses some problems. The vast majority of them, in fact, are employed in unqualified occupations in the tertiary sectors." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1989

AIDS costs more "years of potential life" before age 65 than diabetes, TBC, or viral hepatitis] Patterns of premature mortality in Switzerland, Austria, and the Federal Republic of Germany.

An attempt is made to estimate the present and future extent of AIDS mortality in Austria, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Switzerland. The results indicate an increase in premature mortality attributable to AIDS in these countries in 1984. The authors conclude that "it must be expected that during the 1990s AIDS will be one of the major causes of years of potential life lost among young adults, next to suicides and car accidents."

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Migration and marital status. The case of Switzerland.

"The present study describes...a part of the interrelation of living arrangements and migration: The connection between marital status and spatial mobility. Moreover, the significance of the reasons for family migration will be assessed. [Section] 2 covers the relationship between family or household structure and change of residence and refers to the findings of other studies. The third [section] presents the empirical findings which are to be seen against the background of changing household and family patterns in Switzerland over the last 20 to 30 years. With the aid of aggregated data from censuses and population registration offices, the differences in migratory behaviour by socio-demographic characteristics are first shown: by age, sex, marital status and nationality. In addition, a distinction is made between intercommune, intercantonal and international migration. The initial findings of the descriptive analysis are followed by multivariate statistics produced with the aid of microdata from the Swiss Labour Force Survey." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Population development and economic growth. A simulation analysis for Switzerland].

"A simulation exercise of a general equilibrium model for Switzerland makes clear that the macroeconomic impacts of aging populations are not very strong. There is no need for urgent policy actions to avoid severe negative economic consequences....However, the aging of population affects negatively the net income of the active labor force. An increasing share of their gross salaries goes to the retirement system to finance the pension payments of a growing number of pensioners. Attempts to moderate the elderly dependency ratio would lower this burden for the active labor force. Options are an increase of the female participation rate, an increase of the labor participation rate of the elderly--[which] also means a higher retirement age--and an increasing flow of immigrants. But socioeconomic problems might probably generate practical limits on the extent to which immigration can be increased." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Demography↗
PubMed1993

[Qualitative aspects of migration in Switzerland: structural analysis based on a 1990 consumer survey].

"The study compares the Swiss and the resident foreign population in Switzerland with respect to their qualitative composition. On the basis of the Consumer Survey 1990 by the Swiss Statistical Office, different structural features of the surveyed Swiss and foreign households are analysed. A comparison of these characteristics shows statistically significant differences in age, number of children, household size and household income." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[Foreigners and natives in Switzerland: demographic divergence and convergence].

The native and immigrant populations of Switzerland are examined and compared. "The latter represents today 18% of the total population and its age structure tends to draw nearer to that of the Swiss by an aging process. The sex ratio is much different in the two communities. In fact, the foreign population has a strong masculine predominance, especially among the holders of short duration permits. In addition, the diminution in the number of Italians and Spaniards goes with the arrival of the new nationalities (Yugoslavs, Portuguese and Turks) in the labour market and one can observe, as for the Swiss, that the foreign labour, generally speaking, joins more and more the tertiary industries." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND GER)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[How immigration influences the national economic system of host countries: an empirical investigation for Switzerland].

"The study deals with the distributional effects of immigration into Switzerland. Focusing on the governmental budget, it explores empirically whether resident foreigners are a burden or a benefit for the Swiss public transfer system. The estimation is based on the Consumer Survey 1990 by the Swiss Statistical Office. It is shown that in 1990 the presence of foreigners has not put additional strain on the public coffers, but that, on the contrary, there was a beneficial financial effect for the natives. An analysis of this profitable immigration result shows the influence of the variables age (negative), number of children (negative), household income (positive) and qualification (positive)." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

An evaluation of recent population scenarios for the EEA and Switzerland.

"This article will review the quality of the national long-term population scenarios [for the EEA and Switzerland] compiled by Eurostat in Spring 1991 (former European Community) and Spring 1993 (former European Free Trade Association). By means of a limited number of figures it will be shown how close these projections were for the period 1990-1994. Each item will be briefly explained."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed2002

Distribution, density and migration dynamics of Ixodes ricinus in an area of the Jurassic mountains of Switzerland.

In an area of the Jurassic mountains of Switzerland ecological aspects of the tick species Ixodes ricinus were studied. In particular, the influence of temperature, humidity and vegetation parameters on tick density and distribution were investigated several times in six different habitat types. This was carried out on two scales; on a small scale, within a habitat type and on a larger scale, where all six habitat types were included. By a marking experiment, aspects of the migration dynamics of the ticks were studied. The densities of the six habitat types differed significantly in most of the cases. An analysis of the distribution pattern within a habitat type showed a contagious distribution mostly for the forests and the forest edge, whereas a random distribution was found as well, mainly for the meadows. But these distribution patterns tend towards randomness with time. On a small scale none of the factors showed an influence on tick distribution, therefore the most important factor on this scale might be the hosts of Ixodes ricinus. On a larger scale, temperature and humidity do in some cases influence tick densities. The marking experiment suggests an extremely high turnover of the ticks in an area with an average host density, probably due to passive transportation by hosts and to activation of resting individuals.

Altitude↗