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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Serosurvey of selected viral and bacterial diseases in wild swine from Oklahoma.

Blood samples collected from 120 wild swine (Sus scrofa) in thirteen Oklahoma (USA) counties during 1996 were tested for antibodies against six viral and two bacterial diseases. No antibodies to swine brucellosis, pseudorabies, transmissible gastroenteritis, and vesicular stomatitis were detected. Antibody titers to one or more leptospiral serovars were found in 44% of the samples, the two most frequent serovars being Leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava (29%) and pomona (27%). Antibody against porcine parvovirus and swine influenza virus was detected in 17% and 11% of the swine, respectively. Two samples (2%) were positive for antibody to the recently emerged porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

[The propagation of swine fever virus in cultures of macrophages and lymphocytes of normal and immune pigs (author's transl)].

Swine fever virus is replicated in the cells of the lymphoid complex. During the course of the disease cell-destruction, leucopenia and a disturbance of globulin and transferrin production is described. In the case of recovering firstly the leucocyte population, specially the lymphocytes, later on antibody titer increase. The production of virus neutralizing antibodies is not recognizable to be the cause of a recovery, the latter seems to be initiated by the production of a newly formed cell population. Therefore macrophages and lymphocytes of normal and of swine fever immune pigs are compared respecting the virus replication in vitro. Hereby macrophage cultures did not show any differences. In contrast to these findings in the tissue cultures consisting of predominantly lymphocytes of normal animals the virus replication exceeded that of immune pigs. Further on in the lymphatic organs of pigs killed in the recovering state newly formed clones of lymphoid cells were detected, which did not show swine fever specific but a globulin specific fluorescence. Obviously during the reconvalescent state a population of immune relevant lymphocytes is being created, which is different of these of non-immune pigs, since swine fever virus is not propagated by them anymore.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Salmonella infections in swine herds--epidemiology and importance for human diseases].

Based on pertinent literature and research work performed by the authors, a report is presented on the presence of salmonellas in swine herds and the importance of these organisms as agents of disease in swine and source of infection for human salmonellosis. The share among human cases of salmonellosis which are caused by salmonellas originating from swine is estimated at ca. 20%. It has to be assumed that a very large proportion of swine herds is contaminated by Salmonella. Salmonellas may be introduced through infected pigs (parent animals, pigs from other herds added to the herd) or carriers among other animal species (e.g. rodent pests, birds) as well as by feeding stuffs with primary or secondary contamination. So far, the individual importance of the various routes cannot be reliably assessed. It appears that the level of Salmonella prevalence within a herd essentially depends on the hygienic conditions, the mode of keeping and the management of the animals. Serological examinations of meat juice permit conclusions as to the level of Salmonella contamination in slaughtered pigs. The results can thus be used for programmes to reduce the introduction of salmonellas into the food chain.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1999

Thymic transplantation across an MHC class I barrier in swine.

Thymic tissue transplantation has been performed previously in adult mice to induce donor-specific tolerance across allogeneic and xenogeneic barriers. We have now attempted to extend this technique to a large animal preclinical model and describe here our initial studies of allogeneic thymic transplantation in miniature swine. Two miniature swine were thymectomized before thymic tissue transplantation, and two remained euthymic. Donor thymic tissue was harvested from SLA class I-mismatched juvenile pigs and placed into recipient sternocephalicus muscle, kidney capsule, and omentum. A 12-day course of cyclosporin A was started on the day of transplantation. Allogeneic thymic engraftment could only be achieved in euthymic and not in thymectomized miniature swine using this treatment regimen. Both nonthymectomized animals showed good graft development, with evidence of thymopoiesis, as indicated by positive CD1 and host-type SLA class I immunoperoxidase staining of immature graft-infiltrating cells. Both animals also demonstrated donor-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness, as measured by MLR and cell-mediated lympholysis. The thymic grafts continued to develop despite the appearance of high levels of anti-donor specific cytotoxic IgG Abs. Thus, thymic tissue transplanted across an SLA class I barrier can engraft and support host thymopoiesis in euthymic miniature swine. The presence of the host thymus was required for engraftment. These data support the potential of thymic transplantation as part of a regimen to induce donor-specific tolerance to xenogeneic organ grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Enteric colibacillosis: evaluation of strains of Escherichia coli utilizing the ligated loop technique in gnotobiotic swine.

The enteropathogenicity of 6 strains of Escherichia coli was evaluated via the ligated loop technique in 15 gnotobiotic swine 3 to 4 weeks old. Strain enteropathogenicity in gnotobiotic swine, as determined on the basis of visual loop distention and light microscopic evaluation of intestinal sections, compared favorably with that reported in conventional swine, except that jejunal loops of gnotobiotic swine may be somewhat less sensitive to certain strains. In addition, postoperative mortality rate among gnotobiotic pigs was greater than that reported in conventional pigs. Two types of aberrant loop reactions were observed during the experiment. The 1st, and the more commonly encountered type, was due to the leakage of enteropathogenic organisms or enterotoxin from one loop to another; this was considered to be a true false-positive reaction. The 2nd type of unexpected positive reaction occurred in 2 sacs inoculated with the nonenteropathogenic strain 115. This latter reaction may have represented either a reversion of the organism to its previous enteropathogenic state or a unique reaction of the gnotobiotic intestine to this strain. False-positive loops were not identified in any other sacs, whether inoculated or not. Results of these experiments support the hypothesis that false-positive loops originate from naturally occurring infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Development of specific lymphocyte immunostimulation and tuberculin skin reactivity in swine infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium.

Swine infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium were studied for development and specificity of lymphocyte immunostimulation and tuberculin skin reactivity to purified protein derivatives (PPD) of tuberculins. Lymphocytes from infected animals had maximal blastogenic responses to PPD prepared from the homologous organisms. The time of appearance of specifically sensitized lymphocytes was studied, as was the specificity of skin reactivity. In vitro lymphocyte responses of M avium serotype 1-infected swine to M avium serotype 1 PPD were greater than were the responses of M avium serotype 2-infected swine to the same antigen. Results indicate that the specific stimulation of sensitized lymphocytes might prove useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in swine and in differentiating infections due to different serotypes of M avium.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Specificity in response of vaccinated swine and mice to challenge exposure with strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of various serotypes.

Swine and mice were vaccinated with standard erysipelas adsorbate bacterins made from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serotype 2 and were subsequently exposed to pathogenic strains of E rhusiopathiae, serotypes 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, and 11. Response to challenge of immunity in swine was determined by presence of urticarial lesions at the sites of intradermal injection of culture; response in mice was determined by the quantal (live-dead) method. After vaccination with standard bacterins, swine and mice were significantly more susceptible (P less than of equal to 0.01) to infection with strains of serotypes 9 and 10 than with strains of serotypes 1, 2, 4, or 11. An adsorbate bacterin made from the challenge strain of serotype 10 induced specific immunity to homologous challenge exposure in swine but not in mice. Bacterins made from the other challenge strains induced little or no immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Activity of several serum enzymes in swine with acute plague].

Nonvaccinated pigs were infected with a pathogenic virus of swine fever in order to follow up the changes with some enzymes in their blood serum. It was found that there is a dependable rise in the values of the blood serum GOT (2.6.1. 1.) - From about 38 to approximately 108 mU per cu. cm; GPT (2. 6; 1.2.;-From about 12 up to 66 mU/cu. cm; LAP (3. 4. 1. 1)-from about 13 to 27 mU/cu. cm; and ALD (4. 1; 2. 7.) - from about 6 up to 19 mU/cu. cm. These changes were noticed as early as the 48th hour of infection, prior to the manifestation of the clinical symptoms of swine fever. They remained stable up to the end of the infection process. The activity of LDH (1. 1. 2. 7.) and amylase (3. 2. 1.1 .) was said to rise (not dependable statistically), and that of cholinesterase (3. 1 1. 8) - to drop gradually with the development of the infection process. The two phosphomonoesterases (3. 1. 3. 1 and 3. 1. 3. 2.) showed no essential changes. The changes taking place in the activity of these enzymes did not depend on the extent of the hemorrhagic diathesis characteristic of swine fever. So, this test, which has been unknown so far, is referred to as a characteristic paraclinical symptom of swine fever.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of highly fermentable dietary fiber on the development of swine dysentery and on pig performance in a "Pure--Culture Challenge Model".

This study tried to evaluate the effect of highly fermentable fiber on the incidence and severity of swine dysentery (SD) after experimental oral infection with pure cultures of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae. Forty eight growing pigs were allocated to two groups and treated until slaughter as follows: Group 1 (n = 24): infected with B. hyodysenteriae and fed with a food containing 9.6% highly fermentable neutral detergent fiber. Group 2 (n = 24): infected with B. hyodysenteriae and fed with a food containing 6.1% low fermentable neutral detergent fiber. Pigs of each group were intragastrically inoculated on each of three consecutive days with pure culture of 1.8 x 10(10) B. hyodysenteriae. All pigs were monitored daily until slaughter. Faecal shedding of B. hyodysenteriae by polymerase chain reaction, antibody response by IFA, clinical signs, growth performance and extents of gross and microscopical lesions specific for swine dysentery were determined. Faecal shedding of B. hyodysenteriae and antibodies specific for B. hyodysenteriae were detected at day 30 post infectionem. Significant (p < 0.05) milder clinical signs typical for swine dysentery were detected in group 1, fed with 9.6% high fermentable fiber compared to group two fed with a food containing 6.1% low fermentable neutral detergent fiber. Daily weight gain differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the groups (group one 780 g vs. group two 760 g). Food conversion efficiency showed in group one a significant (p < 0.05) better (3.28) result than in group two (3.38). Feed consumption presented significantly (p < 0.001) better results in group one compared to group two (2.38 kg vs. 2.25 kg). From our experimental findings we conclude that in production units suffering of swine dysentery high levels of highly fermentable fiber in diet may increase health and performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Experimental hexachlorophene intoxication in young swine.

Hexachlorophene (HCP) intoxication in swine was studied as a possible model of HCP poisoning in human beings. Swine were topically or orally given HCP each day, and observations were made on central nervous system function, hematologic measurements, serum chemical analyses, necropsy, microscopic examination of tissues, and concentrations of HCP residues in blood and tissue. Intoxication was observed in orally exposed swine, but the syndrome was not consistently produced in topically exposed swine. Signs and microscopic lesions were all related to dysfunction of the central nervous system, e.g., incoordination, paresis, and status spongiosus. Occurrence of signs and lesions, mortality rates, and concentrations of HCP residue were positively correlated with the dosage of HCP given.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Helminth parasitisms among intermingling insular populations of white-tailed deer, feral cattle, and feral swine.

Helminth infections among free-ranging, intermingling populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), cattle (Bos taurus), and swine (Sus scrofa) on an island off the Georgia coast were studied. Of 39 species of helminths collected, 19 were found in deer, 17 in cattle, and 13 in swine. Of 28 species of helminths recovered from ruminants, 8, viz, Capillaria bovis, Cooperia punctata, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Gongylonema pulchrum, G verrucosum, Haemonchus contortus, Moniezia benedeni, and Trichostrongylus axei, occurred in both deer and cattle. Common liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) infected cattle and swine but not deer. Only 1 helminth, G pulchrum, infected deer, cattle, and swine. The findings suggested that helminths harbored by the host species are distinct, with little exchange occurring.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Antibody formation in swine vaccinated with a lapinized K-vaccine and serum against hog cholera].

Immunized were experimentally a total of 10 pigs with 2 cu. cm lapinized K vaccine and 10 cu. cm swine fever serum each. Reimmunization was performed a month later using only vaccine. After three and a half months the experimental pigs were included into the group of pigs producing serum against swine fever that were preliminary simultaneously immunized against hog cholera by the classical method. Swine fever antibodies in the serum of the experimental pigs showed a concentration that was equal to that in the serum of the regular donors as in both cases the serum titer ranged within the limits of 0.10 to 0.12 cu. cm per kilogram body weight. It is concluded that pigs intended for serum producers can be immunized with a lapinized K vaccine and serum against swine fever on the farms supplying the animals. After building up the basic immunity, which lasts about three and a half months the pigs could be bought over and included for serum production. Thus, the pathogenic hog cholera virus of the simultaneous immunization at the Institute (producer of serum) will be eliminated, economizing forage and labor and premises for several months, which are necessary for serum producing pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with swine hepatitis E virus.

To determine the effect of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on pregnant gilts, their fetuses, and offspring, 12 gilts were intravenously inoculated with swine HEV. Six gilts, who were not inoculated, served as controls. All inoculated gilts became actively infected and shed HEV in feces, but vertical transmission was not detected in the fetuses. There was no evidence of clinical disease in the gilts or their offspring. Mild multifocal lymphohistiocytic hepatitis was observed in 4 of 12 inoculated gilts. There was no significant effect of swine HEV on fetal size, fetal viability, or offspring birth weight or weight gain. The offspring acquired anti-HEV colostral antibodies but remained seronegative after the antibodies waned by 71 days of age. Swine HEV infection induced subclinical hepatitis in pregnant gilts, but had no effect on the gilts' reproductive performance, or the fetuses or offspring. Fulminant hepatitis associated with HEV infection was not reproduced in gilts.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in swine sera in Finland.

A total of 1847 swine sera obtained from the 10 largest abattoirs slaughtering swine in Finland were examined by ELISA for toxoplasma antibodies. The sample represented 0.64% of the total number of swine slaughtered in these abattoirs over a period of 2 months. The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in swine sera was 2.5%.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1979

Identification and distribution of swine serum immunoglobins that react with Trichinella spiralis antigens and may interfere with the enzyme-labeled antibody test for trichinosis.

Sera from Trichinella spiralis digestion-negative swine contained variable amounts of two immunoglobins that reacted with T spiralis antigen in the indirect enzyme-labeled antibody test for trichinosis. One of these immunoglobins, detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugate, was removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae. A second immunoglobin, detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine IgM, was not removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae and increased in amount with the age of the animal. These two immunoglobins varied independently in individual animals and showed some specificity for the antigen; ie, they did not merely reflect changes in total serum IgG or IgM. In contrast to IgG anti-T spiralis antibody from experimentally infected animals, neither of these immunoglobins could be detected in double-diffusion tests against the antigen or by counter immunoelectrophoresis. Either of these immunoglobins could interfere with the indirect test for T spiralis antibodies, depending upon whether anti-swine IgG or IgM conjugate is used. The factors which initiate synthesis and control serum concentrations of these immunoglobins are not known.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Simultaneous detection of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Salmonella spp. in swine intestinal specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of the etiologic agents associated with porcine proliferative enteropathies (PPE), swine dysentery (SD) and porcine salmonellosis (PS) in a single reaction using DNA from swine intestinal samples. Single and multiplex PCR amplification of DNA from Lawsonia intracellularis, Salmonella typhimurium and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae with each primer set produced fragments of the predicted size without any nonspecific amplification, 210-bp, 298-bp and 403-bp bands, respectively. The single PCR assay could detect as little as 100 pg of purified DNA of S. typhimurium and L. intracellularis, and 50 pg of B. hyodysenteriae, respectively. However, multiplex PCR turned out to be 10 times lower sensitivity with S. typhimurium compared with single PCR. With 23 swine intestinal specimens suspected of having PPE, SD and/or PS, the multiplex PCR assay showed identical results with conventional methods except one. In conclusion, this multiplex PCR is a feasible alternative to standard diagnostic methods for detection of L. intracellularis, B. hyodysenteriae and Salmonella spp. from swine intestinal specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Factors associated with the seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus in breeding swine from quarantined herds.

Strategies for the elimination of pseudorabies virus (PRV) from swine herds include test and removal, offspring segregation, and depopulation/repopulation. The prevalence of PRV in a herd is a major factor in selection of the most appropriate strategy. The purpose of the study reported here was to describe the prevalence of PRV in adult swine in PRV quarantined herds in Minnesota, and to determine herd factors associated with the seroprevalence. Questionnaires describing the health history of the herd, management practices, and design of the swine facilities were obtained from the owners of 142 quarantined herds. Blood was collected from 29 finishing pigs over the age of 4 months, up to 29 adult females, and all herd boars. Factors considered to be significant in a bivariate analysis were combined in a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of PRV-seropositive adults in each herd was bimodally distributed among the 142 herds. In 42 (30%) of the herds, none of the females tested was seropositive, which represented the lower mode. At least 90% of the adults tested were seropositive in 30 (21%) of the herds and represented the higher mode. The odds of the breeding swine of a given herd having a PRV seroprevalence of greater than or equal to 20% as compared with having a seroprevalence of less than 20% was 1.654 times higher per 50 adults in the herd, 13.550 times higher if the finishing pigs were seropositive, 2.378 times higher if sows were housed inside during gestation, and 1.481 times lower per number of years since the imposition of quarantine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Detection and analysis of partial sequences isolated from human and swine in rural area of southern China].

OBJECTIVE: To study the genotype of swines isolated from humans and their relationships with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the rural areas of southern China. METHODS: Specimens collected from normal people with HEV-IgM positive, acute hepatitis E patients and from swine in the same area were detected for HEV RNA using RT-nPCR with ORF2 primers. The positive PCR products were cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: 13 out of the 132 samples from swine stool, 4 of 26 HEV-IgM positive sera of normal people and 1 of 4 acute hepatitis E patients' stool sample and sera were tested positive for HEV RNA. Data from sequence analysis showed that the identity at nucleotide level was 89.3%-100.0% among the 10 isolates which shared 78.7% - 84.7%, 83.3% - 85.3%, 76.0% - 80.0% and 84.7% - 95.3% nucleotide sequence identity with HEV genotype I, II, III and IV respectively in the region (nt6317- 6466). CONCLUSION: HEV circulating in humans and swine in the area belonged to genotype IV.

Animals↗