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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Sleep patterns and sleep disorders among female shift workers in a computer factory of Japan.

Using a repeated questionnaire survey for female workers in a computer factory of Japan, consisting of 45 daytime workers and 84 weekly rotating shift workers (of whom 40 and 44 were respectively engaged in early-shift work and late-shift work during the survey week), the present study aimed to clarify the effects of shift work on their sleep patterns and sleep disorders. The time of retiring, time of rising, duration of sleep, and self-evaluated sleep quality based on four sleep-related problems were investigated for four days (Sunday-Monday, Tuesday-Wednesday, Thursday-Friday, and Saturday-Sunday) in a week. The intergroup comparison revealed that the earlier the rising time and the shorter the duration of sleep, the lower the sleep quality; the lowest sleep quality was observed in the early-shift workers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[Respiratory control during sleep and the development of nocturnal hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: It is assumed that the reduced ventilatory control during sleep may be related to the nocturnal hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and daytime CO(2) retention. METHODS: Oxygen desaturation index (ODI(4)), sleep time spent when SaO(2) was below 90% (SIT(90)), the lowest SaO(2) (LSaO(2)) and the mean SaO(2) (MSaO(2)) during sleep were measured in 24 OSAHS patients with daytime PaCO(2) > or = 45 mm Hg and 39 with PaCO(2) < 45 mm Hg. Hypoxic (DeltaP(0.1)/DeltaSaO(2)) and hypercapnic (DeltaP(0.1)/DeltaPaCO(2)) responsiveness were measured in 11 eucapnic and 4 hypercapnic patients during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep stages. RESULTS: Compared with the eucapnic patients, all the hypercapnic patients had more severe hypoxia during sleep (P < 0.05). Although both groups had similar chemical responsiveness during wakefulness, the hypercapnic patients had lower DeltaP(0.1)/DeltaSaO(2) and DeltaP(0.1)/DeltaPaCO(2) during both REM and NREM sleep (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The depressed chemical responsiveness during sleep plays an important role in the development of nocturnal hypoxia in OSAHS patients with daytime CO(2) retention.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2006

Sleep disturbance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation by medical outcomes study and visual analog sleep scales.

OBJECTIVE: Except for some polysomnography studies, there have been no large quantitative studies of sleep disturbance (SD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SD has taken on new importance with the observation that etanercept and infliximab reduce daytime sleepiness, and patient groups indicate that sleep is an important issue. METHODS: We evaluated 8676 patients with RA and a comparison group of 1364 subjects with non-fibromyalgia, noninflammatory disorders (NID) using the Medical Outcome Study (MOS) sleep questionnaire, including 2 MOS sleep problem indexes (SPI-I, SPI-II) and the MOS SD scale. In addition, patients completed a visual analog scale (VAS) sleep disturbance scale (SDS). RESULTS: The scales had similar mean values: SPI-I 35.4 (19.4), SPI-II 36.0 (19.1), SDS 35.0 (24.7), and VAS sleep 36.1 (29.7), and the values for the MOS scales exceeded population norms by 25% (VAS by 42%). In multivariable analyses SD was primarily determined by pain and mood. Patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) did not have less abnormal sleep scores. SD was comparable in RA and NID. The VAS scale was more strongly associated with RA clinical variables than the MOS scales; however, the distributional characteristics of the scales differed, with the VAS scales capturing more extreme values. The standard error of the measurement (SEM), which is related to minimal (important) change, was SPI-I 9.0, SPI-II 7.3, SDS 9.6, and VAS sleep 10.4. CONCLUSION: SD is increased in RA, and 25% to 42% of SD can be attributed to RA. SD is linked to pain, mood, and disease activity. SD is slightly greater in women and is less with increasing age. All scales appear to be valid in RA, with minimal differences in SEM.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of road traffic noise on sleep. A paired comparison between sleep polygraphic parameters recorded in a noisy apartment along a road with heavy traffic and those recorded in a quiet suburban house].

Effects of road traffic noise on sleep were studied comparing 15 sleep polygraphic parameters and 6 subjective sleep complaints in a noisy apartment with those in a quiet house. Subjects were 8 persons (5 young men aged 19-38, one woman aged 65 and 2 men aged 66) and were studied for 76 nights. The average equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. was 46.67 dB (A) in the noisy apartment's bedroom compared to 27.72 dB(A) in the bedroom of the quiet house. Of the 15 parameters, proportion of REM sleep for the younger subjects was significantly less (p = 0.0046, paired t-test) in the apartment compared to the quiet house. No significant difference was seen in the remaining 14 parameters between the apartment and the house. Of the 6 subjective sleep complaints, "awakened early in the morning," was significantly less for young subjects (p = 0.031, Two-tailed sign test) in the apartment than in the house. There was no significant difference seen for the older subjects in the 6 subjective sleep complaints and 15 sleep polygraphic parameters between the two places. It appears that a small difference in the effect of road traffic noise on sleep between young and old may exist.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of prolonged unidirectional migration of the sleep--wakefulness rhythm phase on human physiological functions, mental productivity and sleep].

The paper gives the results of three 30-day experiments carried out to study the effect of migration of the sleep--alertness cycle on physiological functions, psychic productivity and sleep of man. The migration was agravated by the initial change of the cycle which varied from +/- 7 to +/- 11 hours. All test subjects showed a counter-clockwise migration which amounted to a 1.5 hour shift every 4-5 days. All test subjects demonstrated functional cerebral changes, decline of psychic productivity and sleep disorders. The level of those disturbances depended on the value of the initial shift of the sleep--alertness cycle and on the cumulation of the migration effect. Those disorders were noted even when the prechanged sleep--alertness cycle approximated the normal pattern as a result of migration. The results indicate that the migrating day--night pattern, particularly in combination with the initial shift of the sleep--alertness cycle, cannot be recommended for manned space missions. Good health condition and high work capacity of cosmonauts can be maintained, only if a 24-hour sleep--alertness cycle with a normal sleep pattern is provided.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peculiarities of human sleep in the case of double alternation of "sleep-waking" cycles.

The dynamics of sleep was studied in seven healthy subjects in two schedules, differing in the magnitude of the sleep intervals and their distribution over the 24 hour period. The first series provided for the use of two four-hour sleep intervals, the second six- and two-hour intervals. The investigations showed that the transition to a new schedule was accompanied by substantial qualitative and quantitative sleep disturbances, followed by a restoration of sleep as the subjects adapted. Less pronounced sleep disorders and more rapid restoration were observed in the schedule with nonuniform distribution of the intervals; more pronounced sleep disorders and a slowed restoration of sleep were observed on the schedule with two four-hour intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Structure of nocturnal sleep in sleep disorders among middle and late middle-aged patients].

This is a report on the electropolygraphical examination of nocturnal sleep and the study of emotional-personality changes in 53 patients with impaired sleep who were divided into two groups (24 middle-aged and 29 elderly patients). Day-time electropolygraphic examinations were carried out in 39 out of these patients in period of relaxed and alert wakefulness. The patients versus healthy controls showed a reduction in the total duration of sleep, a tendency toward a decrease in delta-sleep, rapid sleep and the number of completed cycles. The patients were further characterized by an increase in the time of falling asleep, the number of spontaneous awakenings and the time of wakefulness in the course of sleep. The elderly as compared with the middle-aged were characterized by a pronounced decrease in night sleep, the duration of Stage II and the number of completed cycles of nocturnal sleep. In the period of alert wakefulness, alpha-responsiveness in some modulated functional states was lower than in the control group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[Sleep in the elderly. Effects of a behavior therapeutic sleeping course].

Insomnia is a frequently occurring complaint. The role of the educational approach in the behavioral treatment of insomnia is of increasing importance. In this article the results of an in 1987-1988 televised behaviour-therapeutic course, 'Sleeping can be learned', are presented. Special attention is given to the results of older subjects. Data were collected by means of a sleep diary in a precourse, postcourse and a follow-up measurement. In addition a number of questionnaires were used to collect information on personality factors and on physical and psychological complaints. The self-estimated duration of sleep of the group over sixty years of age was significantly less when compared with the younger group. The results of the course were encouraging. Sleep latency decreased on the average with more than 25 minutes per night and the duration of sleep increased with nearly 40 minutes per night. The use of sleep-medication decreased. These changes did not differ between the group over 60 years old and the younger group. No support was found for the idea that insomnia in the elderly is caused by an increasing number of problems. A factor that could influence the prevalence of insomnia in the elderly can be the more irrational beliefs on sleep and sleep disorders the older group of subjects appeared to have. Strategies directed at these cognitions should therefore be a part of the treatment of insomnia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of the nocturnal blood pressure relative to sleep stages in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

To determine the mean blood pressure relative to sleep stages, two nocturnal cardiorespiratory polysomnographs were recorded in 60 male patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The mean age was 50.2 years, the BMI 32.0 kg/m2, the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) 44, and the blood pressure by the WHO protocol 158/98 mm Hg. A new evaluation program was used to determine the invasively measured mean arterial pressure (mean +/- SEM) and heart rate (mean +/- SEM) during sleep (mean total sleep time 361 +/- 48 min) referred to sleep stages 1 (99.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg/67.6 +/- 1.1 bpm), 2 (98.7 +/- 1.6 mm Hg/66.6 +/- 1.1 bpm), 3 (97.6 +/- 1.8 mm Hg/67.4 +/- 1.3 bpm), and 4 (97.6 +/- 2.2 mm Hg/66.3 +/- 1.6 bpm) and to REM sleep (103.3 +/- 1.7 mm Hg/68 +/- 1.2 bpm) as 1 s mean values and to compare them with the waking state (98.3 +/- 1.6 mm Hg/83.6 +/- 1.1 bpm). There was no physiological fall in blood pressure in patients with pronounced OSA. Sleep-stage-specific analysis of invasive continuous blood pressure signals is the gold standard. The sleep structure is disturbed less than with other methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of Lendormin (brotizolam) on the sleep structure and subjective assessment of sleep in insomnia patients].

The influence of Lendormine (diazepine derivative) both on the sleep structure and subjective estimation of sleep was examined in 25 patients at the age of 19-64 years old with neurotic insomnia. The investigation was performed before, during and after 10 days of treatment (0.25 mg before the sleep time). The drug administration resulted in significant improvement of sleep structure that is in sleep duration and efficiency because the drug either promoted falling asleep or increased the second and the forth stages of sleep. Lendormine decreased also the wakening time inside the sleep. The polysomnographic results coincided completely with subjective estimation of sleep by patients themselves after the treatment. The optimal time of therapy didn't exceed 2 weeks. The drug was well tolerated without any complications. The conclusion is made about high effectiveness of Lendormine in the treatment of patients with insomnia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Impaired declarative memory consolidation during sleep in patients with primary insomnia: Influence of sleep architecture and nocturnal cortisol release.

BACKGROUND: A central cognitive function of sleep is to consolidate newly acquired memories for long-term storage. Here, we investigated whether the overnight consolidation of declarative memory in patients with chronic sleep disturbances is impaired, owing to less slow wave sleep (SWS) and an increased cortisol release. METHODS: Polysomnographic recordings, serum cortisol concentrations, and overnight memory consolidation in 16 patients with primary insomnia were compared with those of 13 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Patients displayed distinctly less overnight consolidation of declarative memory (p < .05), which was significantly correlated with SWS in the control subjects (r = .69) but with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the patients (r = .56), who had a diminished amount of SWS (p < .05). Increased cortisol levels in the middle of the night were associated with impaired retrieval of declarative memory after sleep for both control subjects (r = -.52) and patients (r = -.46). CONCLUSIONS: Primary insomnia is associated with a diminished sleep-related consolidation of declarative memory. Efficient overnight consolidation of declarative memory is associated with high amounts of SWS and low serum cortisol levels during the early part of the night. Where SWS is decreased, REM sleep might play a partly compensatory role in the consolidation of declarative memory.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of partial deprivation of slow-wave sleep on the structure of the sleep-wakefulness cycle].

In cats, partial (35% and 55%) deprivation of slow-wave sleep by way of inducing fragments of isolated EEG wakefulness in response to electrical stimulation of brain-stem activating structures, was shown to lead to an enhancement of behavioral sleep and reduction of paradoxical sleep. The reduction of paradoxical sleep is particularly obvious if the deprivation of slow-wave sleep is induced by fragments of behavioral wakefulness. In these situations no rebound of paradoxical sleep is observed in post-deprivation period. The causal interrelationships and interdependence of different phases of the sleepwakefulness cycle as well as interaction of EEG and behavioral mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in achondroplasia: evaluation of sleep, breathing, and somatosensory-evoked potentials.

The occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is achondroplasia has been linked to brain stem compression. Overnight sleep studies (11 subjects) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP's, 10 subjects) were recorded before and after conventional treatment of OSA in achondroplasia. The two groups were derived from 30 subjects who underwent diagnostic sleep studies and SEPs, including 15 females and 15 males with a median age 6.6 years (range 1.0-47.6) at the time of the first study. In 30 initial studies there was no correlation between severity of OSA and abnormalities on SEP evaluation. Treatment of 17 subjects included adenotonsillectomy (n = 3), weight loss (n = 1), and nasal-mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (n = 13). Sleep studies in 11 subjects after a delay of 8.8 +/- 2.8 months showed a reduction in respiratory disturbance index (RDI) from 38.4 +/- 6.9 to 6.5 +/- 1.8 events hr(-1) (p < 0.001) and movements/arousals fell from 10.4 +/- 2.2 to 4.8 +/- 0.2 hr(-1) (p < 0.04). Obstructive events were reduced from 33.7 +/- 6.9 to 2.4 +/- 1.0 hr(-1) (p < 0.001). Improvement of respiratory indices was associated with an increased proportion of slow-wave sleep from 25.2 +/- 4.0% to 32.3 +/- 2.4% (p = 0.01), and decrease in stage 1-2 sleep from 59.3 +/- 5.8% to 46.6 +/- 1.9% (p = 0.03). There was no increase in the percentage of REM sleep (15.2 to 21.2%). Repeat SEP studies in 10 subjects, after clinically effective treatment of OSA, showed improvement of SEP score of at least 1 grade, in 5 of 7 (71%) with initially abnormal values. We conclude that treatment of relieve upper airway obstruction improves OSA in achondroplasia, accompanied by changes in sleep structure and, in some cases, improved studies of neurological function.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1987

Similar effect on REM sleep but differential effect on slow wave sleep of the two 5-HT uptake inhibitors zimeldine and alaproclate in cats and rats.

Sleep and waking in cats and rats were studied 6-10 hours following acute administration of zimeldine, alaproclate or saline. The effects on slow wave sleep of the two compounds markedly differed in the cats. Following zimeldine, sleep with a high amount of synchronized slow waves (SWS-2) was increased, and total sleep was unchanged. Following alaproclate, SWS-2 did not increase, and total sleep was reduced. In the rats, zimeldine increased SWS-2 during the first 4 hours after administration, while there was no change in SWS following alaproclate. Both zimeldine and alaproclate increased REM latency and reduced REM sleep in both species with somewhat more pronounced effects in cats than in rats. The results on SWS-2 following zimeldine are consistent with earlier results following serotonin depletion in both species. The differential effects on SWS-2 are discussed in terms of regional differences in uptake inhibition and other differences between the two uptake inhibitors. The results on REM sleep confirm earlier results involving serotonin uptake inhibitors and serotonin precursor loading and indicate that increased synaptic serotonin concentrations suppress REM sleep.

Alanine↗
PubMed1987

Bacterial peptidoglycans as modulators of sleep. II. Effects of muramyl peptides on the structure of rabbit sleep.

Sleep-promoting substances derived from human urine and rabbit brain were identified as muramyl peptides (MPs). We report in the accompanying paper that in the molecular structure of MPs, the 1,6-anhydro muramic acid moiety of MPs is important for enhancement of slow-wave sleep (SWS) in rabbits. Here, we document more extensively the effects of one MP: 1,6-anhydro-muramyl-alanyl-glutamyl-diaminopimelyl-alanine (AMTP for anhydro-muramyl tetrapeptide) on sleep structure of rabbits. AMTP significantly increased percent of time spent in SWS but its effects on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were dose-dependent. Brain temperatures were significantly elevated but continued to fluctuate with sleep and wake state transitions indistinguishably from control. Sleep was episodic and animals could be easily aroused. AMTP increased number of SWS episodes and decreased number of REM episodes. There was a shift in the distribution of sleep-wake episode durations: longer waking and REM episodes were decreased, thus increased the proportion of shorter episodes. Increased duration of SWS resulted from a larger number of SWS episodes longer than 8 min. We conclude that AMTP amplifies the SWS compenent of physiological sleep.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nocturnal growth hormone surges in type 1 diabetes mellitus are both sleep- and glycemia-dependent: assessment under continuous sleep monitoring.

Our work has studied the relationship between nocturnal growth hormone (GH) surges, sleep and glycemia in seven conventionally treated type 1 diabetic patients under continuous sleep monitoring and the results were compared to those found in five age-matched healthy controls. On the experimental day, sleep was monitored from 24.00 to 07.00. Blood glucose levels and GH were assayed in both groups. As a group the diabetics had nocturnal GH responses higher than those in controls. However, the sleep-related GH release is not abnormally high in patients who maintain strict normoglycemia. Early-night hypoglycemia and/or rapidly decreasing blood glucose concentrations enhance sleep-related GH secretion in diabetics, whereas hypoglycemia not associated with slow-wave sleep (SWS) causes a moderate increase in GH. Late-onset nocturnal hypoglycemia is not potent enough to stimulate GH. It is proposed that in diabetics sleep-related GH production is probably not abnormally elevated within a wide range of stable glucose levels, but when these thresholds are crossed or when there is a rapid decrease in blood glucose, then GH secretion is inversely related to the changing blood glucose. Therefore, our study supports the conclusion that sleep-related GH secretion is finely modulated by the actual glycemic fluctuations in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol.

The present experiments were designed to compare the influences of delayed sleep onset and temporary slow wave sleep (SWS) deprivation on nocturnal GH and cortisol release in humans. Polysomnographic recordings and blood samples were obtained from 10 male subjects each participating on three experimental nights. On all nights the subjects went to bed at 2300 h and were wakened at 0700 h. On the baseline night, the lights were turned off at 2300 h, enabling the subject to fall asleep. To delay sleep onset, on the second night, the subjects were kept awake until 0200 h. On the third night, the subjects were deprived of SWS between 2300 h and 0200 h. SWS deprivation was accomplished by sounding a tone as soon as it appeared the subject was going into stage 3 sleep. The order of experimental conditions was randomized. On the baseline nights, the occurrence of SWS was closely associated with the occurrence of GH secretory bursts, and plasma cortisol concentrations were low at that time. Delaying sleep onset after 0200 h substantially delayed the GH secretory bursts, which again coincided with the initial periods of SWS. Deprivation of SWS between 2300 h and 0200 h did not significantly reduce the time spent in SWS, because it recovered after the deprivation was discontinued. On these nights, the GH secretory peaks were not significantly changed in amplitude. However, they were dissociated from SWS, because they occurred mostly subsequent to sleep onset rather than during the main epochs of SWS occurring after 0200 h. Nocturnal cortisol release was distinctly delayed with delayed sleep onset, whereas temporary SWS suppression had no significant effect. Thus, the timing of both nocturnal GH and cortisol secretion seems more dependent on sleep onset than on SWS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sleep structure: a new diagnostic tool for stage determination in sleeping sickness.

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), due to the transmission of Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense by tsetse flies, is re-emerging in inter-tropical Africa. It evolves from the hemolymphatic Stage I to the meningo-encephalitic Stage II. The latter is generally treated with melarsoprol, an arseniate provoking often a deadly encephalopathy. A precise determination of the HAT evolution stage is therefore crucial. Stage II patients show: (i) a deregulation of the 24-h distribution of the sleep-wake alternation; (ii) an alteration of the sleep structure, with frequent sleep onset rapid eye movement (REM) periods (SOREMPs). Gambian HAT was diagnosed in eight patients (four, Stage II; three, Stage I; one, "intermediate" case) at the trypanosomiasis clinic at Viana (Angola). Continuous 48-h polysomnography was recorded on Oxford Medilog 9000-II portable systems before and after treatment with melarsoprol (Stage II) or pentamidine (Stage I and "intermediate" stage). Sleep traces were visually analyzed in 20-s epochs using the PRANA software. Stage II patients showed the complete sleep-wake syndrome, partly reversed by melarsoprol 1 month later. Two Stage I patients did not experience any of these alterations. However, the "intermediate" and one Stage I patients exhibited sleep disruptions and/or SOREMPs, persistent after pentamidine treatment. Polysomnography may represent a diagnostic tool to distinguish the two stages of HAT. Especially, SOREMPs appear shortly after the central nervous system invasion by trypanosomes. The reversibility of the sleep-wake cycle and sleep structure alterations after appropriate treatment constitutes the basis of an evaluation of the healing process.

Adolescent↗