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PubMed2004

Serological screening for celiac disease in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis.

The aim of this study was to perform serological testing to screen for celiac disease (CD) among premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis and to investigate the bone turnover in patients who are seropositive for CD. We studied 89 premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis. The serological screening protocol was based on a two-level evaluation. The first level consisted of determining serum level of IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA). Subjects who were negative for IgA AGA were classified as not having CD, while samples testing positive for IgA AGA underwent a second level of the screening process. For the second level of screening, the serum IgA endomysial antibody (EMA) test was performed. Bone metabolism was evaluated by serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 (OH) vitamin D, osteocalcin (OC), urinary deoxypyridinoline (dPD), and 24-h urinary calcium levels. Of the 89 patients evaluated, 17 were found to have positive IgA AGA tests (19%) and 9 were found to be positive for EMA (10.11%). EMA-positive patients showed lower values of serum Ca (p<0.05) and 25 (OH) vitamin D (p<0.01) and significantly higher values of PTH (p<0.01) compared with the EMA-negative patients. The level of urinary dPD was found to be significantly higher in EMA-positive patients (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that all patients with idiopathic osteoporosis should be screened for CD by measurement of EMA. Additionally, we believe that serological screening for CD and detection of such patients will allow determination of the most convenient treatment strategies for osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Serologic responses in indeterminate colitis patients before ileal pouch-anal anastomosis may determine those at risk for continuous pouch inflammation.

PURPOSE: Although acute pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is common and easily treated, continuous pouch inflammation seen clinically as chronic, antibiotic-dependent pouchitis, and/or Crohn's disease remains a difficult management problem. Compared with ulcerative colitis, indeterminate colitis patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis have a higher incidence of continuous pouch inflammation, which may represent persistent immune reactivity to microbial antigens. Antibody responses to three microbial antigens (oligomannan anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, outer membrane porin C of Escherichia coli, and an antigen (I2) from Pseudomonas flourescens) are more commonly seen in Crohn's disease, whereas antibodies to a cross-reactive antigen (perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) is more suggestive of ulcerative colitis. We examined whether preoperative serologic responses to these antigens were associated with Crohn's disease in indeterminate colitis patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. METHODS: Twenty-eight indeterminate colitis patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were prospectively assessed for the development of pouchitis or Crohn's disease. Serologic responses were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. Patients were classified based on four predominant profiles of antibody expression. Antibody profiles were determined before knowledge of clinical outcome. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 38 (range, 3-75) months. Of 16 patients (61 percent) who developed pouch inflammation, 4 (25 percent) had acute pouchitis and 12 (75 percent) had continuous pouch inflammation (9 had chronic pouchitis, 3 had Crohn's disease). No preoperative clinical factor predicted the development of these pouch complications. Overall, 16 patients (57 percent) had a positive antibody reactivity profile. Serologic expression of any marker alone did not predict the development of continuous pouch inflammation. However, continuous pouch inflammation developed in 10 of 16 patients (63 percent) who had a positive antibody reactivity profile compared with only 2 of 12 patients (17 percent) who had a negative antibody reactivity profile (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Indeterminate colitis patients who have a positive antibody reactivity profile before ileal pouch-anal anastomosis have a significantly higher incidence of continuous pouch inflammation after surgery than those with a negative profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Liver ultrasound findings in a low prevalence area of S. japonicum in China: comparison with history, physical examination, parasitological and serological results.

The paper describes a study carried out in a community in Dongdian township, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. Medical history and the results of a physical examination, ultrasound investigation, parasitological and serological tests for Schistosoma japonicum infection were compared in 661 persons of 169 households. A lack of correlation between parasitological and serological indicators of infection and morbidity was observed in this area of low (6.4%) prevalence and intensity of infection. The prevalence of abnormal ultrasound findings in the liver in this population was high (56%), and was significantly higher than the prevalence of S. japonicum infection. The abnormal ultrasound findings correlated with a history of schistosomiasis, and the correlation increased significantly according to the number of times treated and the time since the last treatment, which suggested that past parenteral treatment has a role in the high rate of abnormal liver ultrasound findings. The significant correlation between the qualitative and quantitative serological results and abnormal ultrasound parenchymal patterns suggests that cross-reactivity between the etiology of the parenchymal disease and these tests is occurring. The presence of HBsAg correlated with the composite presence of ultrasound abnormalities of the liver parenchyma: increased echogenicity, periportal fibrosis and/or nodules and irregular fibrosis, whereas a normal ultrasound pattern was associated with the absence of HBV antigenemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Persistence of clinical and serologic activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

To determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis have persistent clinical and serologic remissions, the clinical courses of eight patients with end-stage renal disease in whom peritoneal dialysis was begun at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center between 1981 and 1986 were analyzed. Patients were followed for a mean of 90.1 +/- 28.8 months before dialysis and 20.8 +/- 4.7 months after the initiation of dialysis. Disease activity was quantified for each individual in terms of "flares" per year before and after the initiation of peritoneal dialysis, the means of which were 0.66 +/- 0.46 and 0.94 +/- 0.28, respectively. Comparison of these rates showed no statistical difference. Seven of the eight patients had at least one flare while receiving peritoneal dialysis, all of which required prednisone therapy (mean 31.3 mg per day). The clinical manifestations included fever, rash, myalgias, anemia, leukopenia, serositis, and cerebritis. Eighty-eight percent of these flares had associated worsening of serologic results. Prednisone was discontinued in only one patient at any time during peritoneal dialysis. This experience reveals that patients with lupus continue to show clinical and serologic disease activity and require maintenance prednisone therapy while receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary function in systemic lupus erythematosus is related to distinct clinical, serologic, and nailfold capillary patterns.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with interstitial lung disease represent a particular subset of patients characterized by the presence of clinical, serologic, and nailfold capillary patterns overlapping scleroderma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 57 consecutive patients with SLE, a standardized detailed history was obtained and a physical examination performed, directed at signs and symptoms of connective tissue diseases, in particular scleroderma. Additionally, pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, radionuclide transit studies of the esophagus, nailfold capillary microscopy, and detailed serologic studies directed at the antigenic specificities of antinuclear antibodies were performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on the results of pulmonary function testing, i.e., normal lung function, restriction, or isolated impairment of diffusion. Clinical, serologic, and nailfold capillary microscopic findings were compared among these three groups. RESULTS: Twenty patients had normal lung function, 19 had restrictive lung function loss, and 9 had an isolated impairment of the diffusing capacity (T1,CO). Patients with obstructive lung disease (n = 9) were excluded from analysis. Sclerodermatous changes of the hands were associated with a restrictive lung function pattern. Interstitial changes on chest radiograph were associated with isolated impairment of T1,CO. Nailfold capillary abnormalities correlated with decreased T1,CO and Dm, the component of T1,CO representing the diffusing capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane. Antibodies to U1-RNA were associated with restrictive lung function and decreased T1,CO. CONCLUSION: We conclude that interstitial lung disease is present in a subset of SLE patients characterized by an increased prevalence of scleroderma traits and anti-(U1)RNA antibodies. Microvascular changes may contribute to the development of interstitial lung disease in SLE as well as in scleroderma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunogenicity, biochemical and serological characterizations of ribosomal preparations from human oral strains of serotypes c and d of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans.

Crude ribosomal preparations of Streptococcus mutans C67-1 (serotype c) and 50B4 (serotype d) contain protein RNA and carbohydrate. Sepharose CL-2B column chromatography of preparations yielded two distinct peaks. Cell-wall carbohydrates were predominantly present in peak I; the serological activity resided mainly in peak II. The preparations contained antigens which cross-reacted with several streptococcal Lancefield antisera. Antisera prepared against the preparations cross-reacted with cell-wall proteins (NaCl extracts) and Ag I/II, but not with cell-wall carbohydrate antigens (Rantz-Randall extracts). Thus, cell-envelope protein antigens in the preparations appear to be responsible for the serological activity. The unique properties of ribosomal preparations may, apart from serological cross-reactivity, be useful in the immunological protection against dental caries.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of serological and DNA probe analyses for detection of suspected periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples.

Several methods are currently being used to identify specific bacteria in dental plaque, namely direct culture, serological techniques and DNA probes. Culture methods are labour-intensive, dependent on the viability of the cells, and require fastidious growth conditions. Serological and DNA probes allow rapid strain-specific identification of periodontal pathogens with limited effort. The purpose of the present study was to compare results from serological and DNA probes in assessing and quantitating the presence of three suspected periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bact. intermedius. Subgingival bacterial samples were obtained from 4 periodontal sites of each of 13 patients with untreated moderate to advanced adult periodontitis. Samples were taken using 2 paper points that were simultaneously inserted for 10 s to the bottom of the periodontal pockets. The plaque from one paper point was analysed by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. The other sample was analysed by species-specific cloned DNA probes. The number of bacteria per millilitre was calculated for both methods, and used for comparisons of results obtained with the two techniques. Results from indirect immunofluorescence and DNA hybridization analyses were negative for A. actinomycetemcomitans across all samples. Fluorescence did not detect bacteria at levels lower than 10(4), while the DNA probes identified organisms at levels of 10(3). Similar numbers of samples positive for Bact. gingivalis were obtained with either method (p = 0.227), and the results were not independent. A significantly greater proportion of Bact. intermedius-positive samples was detected by immunofluorescence (p = 0.0039), and the results of immunofluorescence and DNA hybridization were independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1980

Induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen by phytohaemagglutinin in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine: application to EBV serology.

Induction of EBV early antigens in the non-producer lymphoid cell line RAJI by treatment with PHA in the presence of IUdR has been shown to be a convenient and efficient procedure for the preparation of cells for EBV serology. This induction procedure results in significant levels of EA-D and EA-R positive cells. The serological titres obtained on cell preparations induced with PHA and IUdR were comparable to those obtained on smears prepared by the classical procedure requiring infectious EBV. This convenient method of induction can replace more cumbersome techniques for routine EBV serology.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1992

HLA-DR2 negative narcolepsy in Australian Caucasians: clinical features, serology and sequence specific oligonucleotide typing.

An almost invariable association with HLA-DR2 and DQw1 has previously been reported in Japanese and caucasian narcoleptics. We performed HLA typing in 18 Australian narcoleptics using serological techniques and sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. HLA-DQw1 was present in 15 patients and DR2 in 12; 3 patients with cataplectic narcolepsy were DR2-negative. The serological haplotype most strongly associated with narcolepsy was DRw15 (a subtype of DR2), DQw1. DRw15-positive patients were positive for the alleles DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 defined with oligonucleotide probes. We conclude that the association of narcolepsy with DR2 and DQw1 is not as strong as previously reported and the absence of DR2 or DQw1 does not preclude the diagnosis of classical narcolepsy, at least in caucasians. Secondly, DR2-positive narcoleptics possess characteristic serological subtypes and alleles defined with oligonucleotide probes that are also found in normals. Thirdly, the occurrence of DR2-negative cataplectic narcoleptics points to the existence of more than one narcolepsy susceptibility gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in the later stages of a control programme based on chemotherapy: the Basrah study. 2. The serological profile and the validity of the ELISA in seroepidemiological studies.

An epidemiological study of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Al-maadan locality, considered to be the main remaining endemic focus in Basrah, southern Iraq was carried out. The association between the serological profile of the population, measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and various factors including current infection by urine examination, water contact pattern, past history of, and treatment for, schistosomiasis, and cercarial dermatitis was investigated. Further study of the serological data by the relative operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess the validity of the ELISA in detecting schistosomal infection, showed that current infection, past history of infection, age, cercarial dermatitis and category of household were significantly associated with the serological profile of the population. The analysis allowed quantification of the effects of past history of infection and cercarial dermatitis on the validity of the ELISA in detecting schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serological responses to brucellosis in HIV-seropositive patients.

Serial sera from 2 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 attending a clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, and with blood cultures yielding Brucella melitensis, were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their serological response (Brucella-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG) to Brucella infection. Antibody responses were comparable to those of immunocompetent individuals, one patient showing serology typical of acute brucellosis, the other of chronic brucellosis. Sera from 100 other patients, 65 of whom were HIV-positive, attending the same clinic but whose routine microbiological cultures were negative for Brucella, were tested retrospectively for Brucella-specific antibody. Eight had Brucella-specific IgM and IgG, 6 had IgM only and 21 had IgG only, suggesting relatively high levels of exposure to Brucella in the study cohort. There was no association between Brucella antibody status and HIV status. Brucellosis is probably underdiagnosed in Kenya. Brucella serology may be helpful in the diagnosis of patients with non-specific symptoms in East Africa, regardless of HIV status.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Screening dyspepsia by serology to Helicobacter pylori.

Owing to limited endoscopy resources, various screening strategies for endoscopy have been proposed. Helicobacter pylori can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity by serology, and therefore we assessed the effects on diagnostic accuracy and endoscopic workload of a policy of screening clinic patients with dyspepsia before endoscopy by a strategy based on age, Helicobacter pylori serology, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 1153 patients were studied, of whom 842 were of known histological H pylori status (histology group) and 293 had serum assessed prospectively by in-house and commercial ELISAs for detection of IgG antibodies to H pylori. Overall, the screening strategy would have reduced endoscopy workload by 23.3% (95% confidence interval 20.9-25.8%) and would have had a sensitivity for detection of peptic ulcer of 97.4% (94.5-99.1%). No peptic ulcer or malignant disease was missed in the patients studied prospectively, but 6 of 192 peptic ulcers in the histology group would have been missed. A policy of screening young dyspeptic patients for H pylori by serology is more sensitive than symptom-based screening strategies, and may have an important role in reducing endoscopy workload.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Serological differentiation of tobamoviruses by means of monoclonal antibodies.

Several serologically related plant viruses have been differentiated for the first time by means of monoclonal antibodies. Two orchid strains of tobacco mosaic virus that were previously considered to be serologically identical with the type strain were shown to be distinguishable with certain monoclonal antibodies. In indirect ELISA, none of the antibodies showed any binding to tobamoviruses that differed from TMV (common strain) by a serological differentiation index larger than 2. Monoclonal antibodies are likely to find widespread use as diagnostic tools in plant virology.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Serological techniques for detection of citrus tristeza virus.

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most economically important virus disease of citrus. In the last ten years, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development and improvement of new serological methods for CTV detection so that serology has become a dependable tool for many research, extension and regulatory purposes worldwide. CTV-specific polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been developed in different research laboratories and used extensively in a wide range of different studies. This review describes the diverse serological methods developed for CTV detection and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, relative sensitivity, applications, and present status of each method.

Citrus↗
PubMed1984

Biochemical and serological studies of influenza B viruses: comparisons of historical and recent isolates.

The genetic characteristics of 24 representative influenza B viruses isolated in widely different geographical areas of the world between 1940 and 1980 were analysed using either RNA:RNA hybridisation or oligonucleotide mapping. Additional biochemical characterisation included electrophoretic analysis of virus-induced polypeptides and virion RNAs. A panel of monoclonal antibodies to virus HA was used to investigate serological relationships between the viruses. The influenza B viruses examined constituted a genetically and serologically related group but mutational changes were detected in all eight genes of the viruses isolated in different eras and also in genes of viruses isolated in the same epidemic year. Regardless of the overall and dominating similarities, at a higher level of discrimination it was clear that certain genetic and serological relationships were more complex than expected and, for example, some recently circulating field viruses were apparently more closely related antigenically and genetically to viruses isolated five to twelve years previously than to other viruses isolated concurrently. No evidence of recombination with hitherto undescribed influenza B viruses and with genes coding for internal proteins was detected.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Transformation of LMTK- cells with purified HLA class I gene. VI. Serological characterization of HLA-B7 and AW24 molecules.

Serological characterization of HLA-B7 and HLA-AW24 class I molecules following transfection of murine LMTK- cells with purified HLA class I genes was performed using human alloantisera. Induction by murine alpha interferon of the expression of class I molecules was required to obtain unambiguous identification of these molecules which appear serologically identical to the HLA-B7 and HLA-AW24 molecules expressed at the surface of human peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 unrelated individuals. Analysis of the transformed cells with 8 different anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies results in the definition of 3 separate clusters of antigenic determinants shared by all HLA class I molecules. These studies further suggest the existence of locus-specific serological reactivities associated either with the HLA-A or with the HLA-B and C gene products.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Increasing complexity of HLA-DR2 as detected by serology and oligonucleotide typing.

Serological and oligonucleotide typing was performed on a number of HLA-DR2-positive cells from different ethnic origin, including DR2 haplotypes with various DQ associations. Exons 2 of DRB1 and DRB5 of DR2-positive individuals were locus-specific amplified and hybridized with a number of different oligonucleotides capable of discriminating between the various Dw2, Dw12, Dw21, and Dw22 associated sequences. The linkage of DRB with DQA1 and DQB1 in these haplotypes was analyzed. Among the DR2- positive cells we could define 10 different DR DQ haplotypes by serology and 13 by oligonucleotide typing. The DR2.ES specificity is a serological DRw15 variant which could not be discriminated by oligonucleotide typing from a DRw15 DQw5 haplotype. The DR2.JA variant represents a unique DRB1*1602 DRB5*0101 haplotype. The DR1+2s haplotype consists of a DRB1 DQ region from a Dw1 and a DRB5 gene from a Dw2 haplotype. Its short DR2 serum pattern can be explained by the absence of a DR2 DRB1 gene product. DRB5*0101 sequences were found in association with DRB1*1501, *1502, *1602, and *0101 alleles. Since the DRB5 gene is capable of such different associations it is comparable to the DRB3 and DRB4 genes. This may have implications for the definition of the broad DR2 specificity which is predominantly encoded by the DRB5 gene product. New DR2 haplotypes included the following DQ combinations: DQw2-positive DQA1/B1*0301/0201 and DQw6-positive DQA1/B1*0102/0601 and *0102/0603 haplotypes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Progress report on the ASHI/CAP Proficiency Survey Program in Histocompatibility Testing. II. HLA-DR, DQ serologic typing, antibody identification, and B-cell crossmatching. American Society for Histocompatibility of Immunogenetics. College of American Pathologists.

This report summarizes the 8-year experience of the DR survey program designed to evaluate the performance of histocompatibility laboratories in the serologic typing of cell specimens for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ polymorphisms and the HLA class II antibody identification and B-cell crossmatching of serum specimens. The number of participants increased from 45 in 1985 to 214 in 1992. Although the performance criteria are based on laboratory consensus, the availability of DNA typing since 1990 has enabled a critical assessment of the reliability of serologic HLA-DR, DQ typing. The survey results shows that unsplit HLA class II antigens DR1-DR8, DR52/53, and DQ1-3 are generally correctly identified in over 90% of the participating laboratories. DR9 and DR10 have not yet been tested and testing for DQ4 has not yet achieved this level on consensus. In contrast, the assignments of serologic subtypes of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ are less consistent and frequently unreliable. Although the B-cell crossmatches show generally high laboratory consensus rates, the serum screening results show frequently inconsistent results regarding HLA class-II-specific antibody identification.

Antibody Specificity↗