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Erythema multiforme with contact dermatitis to hair dyes.
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Topical minoxidil sensitization in androgenic alopecia.
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Allergic contact dermatitis due to 101 Hair Regrowth Liniment.
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Allergic contact sensitivity to quinophthalone.
A 73-year-old patient, diagnosed as having seborrheic dermatitis, was patch tested with his hair preparations. The hair stick gave a positive reaction. Among its ingredients, D & C Yellow No. 11, from 0.0001% to 0.1%, and perfume showed positive reactions. D & C Yellow No. 11 was found to consist only of quinophthalone by chemical analyses. The concentration of quinophthalone in the hair stick was determined as 9.41 ppm w/w by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Contact dermatitis from disperse dyes in synthetic wigs.
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Contact dermatitis from resorcinol in a hair dye.
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Allergic contact dermatitis from brilliantine.
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Contact dermatitis due to topical spironolactone.
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Allergic contact dermatitis from spironolactone.
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Positive patch tests to zinc pyrithione.
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Allergic contact dermatitis from disodium ricinoleamido MEA-sulfosuccinate in shampoo.
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Allergic contact dermatitis from parabens in a tar shampoo.
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Contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile presenting as severe scalp seborrhoeic eczema.
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Solitary actinic porokeratosis.
An 83-year-old man experienced abrupt onset of a solitary lesion of porokeratosis on his bald, actinically damaged scalp. The features in this case are unusual and represent another point in the broad spectrum of lesions characterized by the cornoid lamella of porokeratosis.
Trichilemmal differentiation in seborrheic keratosis.
An 88-year-old woman who developed a nodule in a lesion of seborrheic keratosis on the frontal scalp was observed. Histopathologically, the nodule was characterized by lobular acanthosis consisting of glycogen rich clear cells and squamoid cells with squamous eddies and melanin blockade melanocytes. Each lobule was covered with an orthokeratotic horny layer which formed wedge-shaped masses in its central area without formation of an intervening granular layer. The clinical course and histopathological findings suggest that the tumor cells in seborrheic keratosis may tend to a new development of trichilemmal differentiation.
Alopecia syphilitica, a simulator of alopecia areata: histopathology and differential diagnosis.
Alopecia syphilitica (AS) may be "moth-eaten" or diffuse, clinically, and be confused with alopecia areata (AA) or other alopecias. The English language literature contains scant information regarding the histopathology of AS, and the resemblance between AS and AA has not been given adequate recognition. We report the histopathological findings of AS from nine patients with secondary syphilis and acute hair loss. The alopecia was moth-eaten in four patients and diffuse, but slightly moth-eaten, in five. Microscopically, the dermoepidermal interface was not involved. The numbers of hair follicles were diminished, with increased numbers of catagens and telogens. Lymphocytic infiltration was present around the hair bulbs and fibrous tracts in eight cases. Plasma cells were present in four biopsies. Other less common findings included lymphocytes in the isthmus, parabulbal lymphoid aggregates, and granulomatous infiltrate in the upper dermis. The findings, save for the follicular changes, resembled those of macular/maculopapular syphilides outside the scalp. With the follicular changes, the overall patterns resembled AA closely. The modified Steiner stain did not reveal spirochetes in any of our cases and failed to differentiate between AS and AA. Comparing the AS cases to 13 cases of AA, we found only a few differentiating features. The presence of peribulbal eosinophils strongly suggests AA. Without peribulbal eosinophils, the presence of plasma cells, abundant lymphocytes in the isthmus, or parabulbal lymphoid aggregates suggests AS.
Pemphigus and the terminal hair follicle.
The scalp is frequently involved in the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus. This study demonstrates the distribution of pemphigus antigen in the scalp terminal hair follicle; as well as being found in the epidermis, it is distributed throughout the whole hair follicle outer root sheath and in the dermal bulb matrix cells. The increase in volume of target antigen offered by the follicular epithelium could be a factor determining scalp involvement in pemphigus.