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PubMed2001

Emended descriptions of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii, and descriptions of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sp. nov. and Clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov.

On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA reassociation, industrial solvent-producing clostridia have been assigned to four species. In this study, the phenotypic characteristics of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, 'Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum', and an unnamed Clostridium sp. represented by the strains NCP 262T and NRRL B643 are compared. In addition, a further 40 strains of solvent-producing clostridia have been classified by biotyping, DNA fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These included 14 C. beijerinckii strains, two strains currently designated as 'Clostridium kaneboi' and 'Clostridium butanologenum', and 24 production strains used in the commercial acetone-butanol fermentation. All of the C. beijerinckii strains were confirmed to have been classified correctly. The 'C. kaneboi' and 'C. butanologenum' strains require reclassification as C. acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii, respectively. The commercial production strains were found to belong either to C. beijerinckii or to the unnamed Clostridium sp. For the comparative phenotypic studies of the four species, representative strains were selected from each of the DNA-fingerprint subgroups within each species. These strains were analysed for their ability to utilize different carbohydrates, hydrolyse gelatin or aesculin, and produce indole, and were tested for the presence of catalase and urease. On the basis of these results, several phenotypic traits were found to be useful for differentiating between the four species. The descriptions of C. acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii have been emended. The names Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sp. nov. [type strain = N1-4 (HMT) = ATCC 27021T] and Clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov. (type strain = DSM 13864T = ATCC BAA-117T) are proposed for the two new species.

Acetone↗
PubMed1992

Nucleotide sequence and coding strategy of the Uukuniemi virus L RNA segment.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the L RNA segment of Uukuniemi virus has been determined from cloned cDNA. The L RNA is 6423 nucleotides in length, and is of negative polarity. The viral-complementary RNA contains a single large open reading frame of 2104 codons which corresponds to the L protein (M(r) 241039). Comparison with the L protein sequences of other members of the Bunyaviridae showed homology with the Rift Valley fever phlebovirus L protein (38% amino acid identity), but no detectable similarity with bunyavirus, hantavirus or tospovirus L proteins. These data lend further support for the recent reclassification of uukuviruses and phleboviruses into the same genus, Phlebovirus, in the family Bunyaviridae. The L RNA sequence completes the determination of the Uukuniemi virus genome: since the M RNA segment is 3229 and the S RNA segment 1720 nucleotides, the whole genome comprises 11372 nucleotides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Classification and nomenclature of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium.

Farrand et al. [Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53 (2003), 1681-1687] have presented a critique of the proposal of Young et al. [Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51 (2001), 89-103] to revise the nomenclature and classification of RHIZOBIUM: They argued that Young et al. (2001) are mistaken in their reclassification of all Agrobacterium species within Rhizobium, and that the resulting nomenclatural revision is 'unnecessary and unwarranted'. These objections arise because the authors appear not to understand the role of formal nomenclature, and fail to distinguish between formal and special-purpose nomenclatures (Bacteriological Code, 1990 Revision). The arguments set out by Farrand et al. (2003) can be addressed in terms of (1) the taxonomic status of the genera Agrobacterium and Rhizobium; (2) the status of species and biovars and their nomenclature; and (3) the role of transmissible genomic elements in classification and nomenclature. Finally, an attempt is made to unravel the confusion underpinning their discussion with a consideration of the relationship between formal and special-purpose nomenclatures.

Phenotype↗
PubMed2004

Description of Algoriphagus aquimarinus sp. nov., Algoriphagus chordae sp. nov. and Algoriphagus winogradskyi sp. nov., from sea water and algae, transfer of Hongiella halophila Yi and Chun 2004 to the genus Algoriphagus as Algoriphagus halophilus comb. nov. and emended descriptions of the genera Algoriphagus Bowman et al. 2003 and Hongiella Yi and Chun 2004.

Four marine heterotrophic, aerobic, pink-pigmented and non-motile bacterial strains were isolated from sea water and algae collected in the Sea of Japan. In a polyphasic taxonomic study, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strains were phylogenetically highly related to Algoriphagus ratkowskyi LMG 21435T, a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Further phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic analyses revealed that the strains represent three novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the following names are proposed: Algoriphagus aquimarinus sp. nov., Algoriphagus chordae sp. nov. and Algoriphagus winogradskyi sp. nov., with type strains KMM 3958T (= LMG 21971T = CCUG 47101T), KMM 3957T (= LMG 21970T = CCUG 47095T) and KMM 3956T (= LMG 21969T = CCUG 47094T), respectively. The species Hongiella halophila Yi and Chun 2004 is transferred to the genus Algoriphagus as Algoriphagus halophilus comb. nov. because of its close phylogenetic relatedness to Algoriphagus species and analogous phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties. The above-mentioned novel species descriptions and species reclassification justify emended descriptions of the genera Algoriphagus and Hongiella.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Phylogenetic analysis and description of Eperythrozoon coccoides, proposal to transfer to the genus Mycoplasma as Mycoplasma coccoides comb. nov. and Request for an Opinion.

Eperythrozoon coccoides, an epierythrocytic organism that causes a mild haemolytic anaemia in laboratory and wild mice, currently is thought to be a rickettsia. To determine the relationship of this agent to other haemotrophic bacterial parasites, the 16S rRNA gene of this organism has been sequenced and it is shown by phylogenetic analysis that this wall-less bacterium is not a rickettsia but actually is a mycoplasma. This mycoplasma shares properties with and is closely related to the other uncultivated mycoplasmas that comprise a recently identified group, the haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas). The haemoplasma group is composed of former Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella species as well as newly identified haemotrophic mycoplasmas. Haemoplasmas parasitize the surface of erythrocytes of a wide variety of vertebrate animal hosts and are transmitted mainly by blood-feeding arthropod vectors. Because both primary infections and chronic latent infections caused by this bacterium have been observed in many laboratories and this bacterium has been the subject of much experimental work, considerable information exists about this haemotrophic mycoplasma that may be applicable to other haemoplasmas. It is proposed that Eperythrozoon coccoides be reclassified as Mycoplasma coccoides comb. nov. A Request for an Opinion is submitted to the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes regarding this reclassification.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Diversity within the current algal species Prototheca zopfii: a proposal for two Prototheca zopfii genotypes and description of a novel species, Prototheca blaschkeae sp. nov.

In order to clarify the intraspecies taxonomic position of the non-photosynthetic algal species Prototheca zopfii, as well as the aetiology of bovine mammary protothecosis, a selection of P. zopfii strains isolated from clinical cases of protothecal mastitis and from various environmental habitats was characterized using a polyphasic molecular approach. Based on sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, which showed distinct differences between the three currently known biotypes or 'variants', specific oligonucleotides were designed and used in biotype-specific PCRs. Furthermore, the pattern of cellular fatty acids was evaluated. Typing by means of these techniques revealed that the previously defined biotypes of P. zopfii were clearly different. Based on sequence analysis, the pattern of fatty acids and physiological characteristics, it is proposed that biotype 3 should be reclassified as representing a novel species, Prototheca blaschkeae sp. nov. (type strain, RZIII-3(T) = SAG 2064(T)). Furthermore, it is proposed that P. zopfii merits reclassification as a species comprising at least two genotypes that in future could probably be considered to represent two subspecies.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Proposal to reclassify [Sphingomonas] xenophaga Stolz et al. 2000 and [Sphingomonas] taejonensis Lee et al. 2001 as Sphingobium xenophagum comb. nov. and Sphingopyxis taejonensis comb. nov., respectively.

The sphingomonad group contains bacterial isolates that are quite diverse in terms of their phylogenetic, ecological and physiological properties. Thus, the genus Sphingomonas was divided into four distinct genera, Sphingomonas sensu stricto, Sphingobium, Novosphingobium and Sphingopyxis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, signature nucleotides, fatty acid profiles and polyamine patterns and this classification is currently widely accepted. In this study, a complete analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of all the members of the group of sphingomonads encompassed in the genera Sphingomonas sensu stricto, Sphingobium, Novosphingobium and Sphingopyxis was inferred by using tree-making algorithms. [Sphingomonas] xenophaga DSM 6383T was found to form a distinct clade with the members of the genus Sphingobium, whereas [Sphingomonas] taejonensis DSM 15583T forms a clade with the members of the genus Sphingopyxis. The respective positions of these strains were also supported by the data for signature nucleotides, 2-hydroxy fatty acid profiles, polyamine patterns and the nitrate reduction properties of the strains. We therefore propose the reclassification of [Sphingomonas] xenophaga and [Sphingomonas] taejonensis as Sphingobium xenophagum comb. nov. (type strain DSM 6383T = CIP 107206T) and Sphingopyxis taejonensis comb. nov. (type strain DSM 15583T = KCTC 2884T = KCCM 41068T), respectively.

DNA, Ribosomal↗
PubMed2004

Revised description and classification of atypical isolates of Pasteurella multocida from bovine lungs based on genotypic characterization to include variants previously classified as biovar 2 of Pasteurella canis and Pasteurella avium.

Strains deviating in key phenotypic characters, mainly isolated from cases of bovine pneumonia in five European countries, were genotyped in order to examine their genotypic relationship with Pasteurella multocida. Twenty-two strains of Pasteurella avium biovar 2, including variants in indole, xylose and mannitol, 18 strains of Pasteurella canis biovar 2 and variants of this taxon, five strains of P. multocida subsp. septica showing variations in indole and ornithine decarboxylase, nine strains of P. multocida subsp. multocida showing variation in ornithine decarboxylase and mannitol, and type strains of the subspecies of P. multocida were included. Ribotyping was used to examine the relationship of the strains, and 13 types, each containing between one and 20 isolates, were observed. Identical ribotypes were observed in some cases for P. avium biovar 2 and either P. canis biovar 2 or P. multocida subsp. septica. ITS (16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer) fragment-length profiling showed identity of the majority of strains (47 of 52), representing all four taxa, with only five divergent strains. A 16S rRNA sequence comparison of 11 strains representing the main ribotype clusters showed 99.9 % similarity to the type strain of P. multocida subsp. multocida, but only 97.4 % similarity was obtained to P. canis (biovar 1) and 93.7 % to P. avium (biovar 1). A species-specific PCR test for P. multocida gave a positive result with biovar 2 variants of P. avium and P. canis. DNA-DNA hybridizations between strains of P. multocida, biovar 2 variants of P. avium and P. canis, and P. multocida subsp. septica confirmed similarity at the species level. It is proposed, on the basis of genotypic similarity, that P. multocida be reclassified to include the biovar 2 variants of P. avium and P. canis and that the existence of the biovar 2 variants of P. avium and P. canis is highly questionable. It is concluded that the redefined P. multocida is genotypically homogeneous, although phenotypically diverse lineages exist with respect to ornithine decarboxylase, indole and mannitol, characters that have been regarded as essential for identification to the species level. A formal reclassification of the species is not possible, however, since too few strains have been found to vary in these key characters. Considering the phenotypic diversity of P. multocida, identification will have to depend partly on genotypic methods and the source host also seems important for safe diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Genetic diversity among Pasteurella multocida strains of avian, bovine, ovine and porcine origin from England and Wales by comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene.

Genetic diversity among 86 Pasteurella multocida isolates was investigated by comparative sequence analysis of a 1468 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. The strains included 79 field isolates recovered from birds (poultry) (22), cattle (21), pigs (26) and sheep (10) within England and Wales, four Asian isolates associated with bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia, and the type strains of the three subspecies of P. multocida. Dulcitol and sorbitol fermentation patterns were also determined to establish correlations between subspecies status and phylogenetic relatedness. Nineteen 16S rRNA types were identified, but these were clustered into two distinct phylogenetic lineages, A and B. Sequences within lineages A and B had a mean number of nucleotide differences of 21.12+/-3.90. Isolates within lineage A were associated with birds, cattle, pigs and sheep, whereas those belonging to lineage B were recovered from birds and a cat. Eighty-seven per cent of the isolates were classified as P. multocida subsp. multocida by dulcitol and sorbitol fermentation patterns, but these have diverse 16S rRNA gene sequences that were represented in both lineages A and B. Avian P. multocida subsp. septica isolates were associated exclusively with lineage B, but bovine P. multocida subsp. septica isolates were present in lineage A. P. multocida subsp. gallicida isolates of avian, bovine and porcine origin represent a homogeneous group within lineage A, but they have the same 16S rRNA type as certain P. multocida subsp. multocida isolates. These findings provide strong support for the view that dulcitol and sorbitol fermentation patterns are inaccurate indicators of genetic relatedness among P. multocida strains. Avian capsular type B isolates and capsular type B and E isolates associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle and water buffaloes are closely related and form a distinct cluster within lineage A. The current subspecies nomenclature of P. multocida neither accurately reflects the 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic relationships among isolates nor does it adequately encompass the full range of diversity within the species. The study provides a 16S rRNA-based evolutionary framework that will form the basis of further studies into the genetic diversity of P. multocida and will also help in the reclassification of the species.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Automated Deep Learning-Based Detection of Early Atherosclerotic Plaques in Carotid Ultrasound Imaging.

BACKGROUND: Carotid plaque presence is associated with cardiovascular risk, even among asymptomatic individuals. While deep learning has shown promise for carotid plaque phenotyping in patients with advanced atherosclerosis, its application in population-based settings of asymptomatic individuals remains unexplored. METHODS: We developed a YOLOv8-based model for plaque detection using carotid ultrasound images from 19,499 participants of the population-based UK Biobank (UKB) and fine-tuned it for external validation in the BiDirect study (N = 2,105). Cox regression was used to estimate the impact of plaque presence and count on major cardiovascular events. To explore the genetic architecture of carotid atherosclerosis, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of the UKB and CHARGE cohorts. Mendelian randomization (MR) assessed the effect of genetic predisposition to vascular risk factors on carotid atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Our model demonstrated high performance with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity exceeding 85%, enabling identification of carotid plaques in 45% of the UKB population (aged 47-83 years). In the external BiDirect cohort, a fine-tuned model achieved 86% accuracy, 78% sensitivity, and 90% specificity. Plaque presence and count were associated with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over a follow-up of up to seven years, improving risk reclassification beyond the Pooled Cohort Equations. A GWAS meta-analysis of carotid plaques uncovered two novel genomic loci, with downstream analyses implicating targets of investigational drugs in advanced clinical development. Observational and MR analyses showed associations between smoking, LDL cholesterol, hypertension, and odds of carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our model offers a scalable solution for early carotid plaque detection, potentially enabling automated screening in asymptomatic individuals and improving plaque phenotyping in population-based cohorts. This approach could advance large-scale atherosclerosis research.

atherosclerosis↗
PubMed2000

Brain tissue classification of magnetic resonance images using partial volume modeling.

This paper presents a fully automatic three-dimensional classification of brain tissues for Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. An MR image volume may be composed of a mixture of several tissue types due to partial volume effects. Therefore, we consider that in a brain dataset there are not only the three main types of brain tissue: gray matter, white matter, and cerebro spinal fluid, called pure classes, but also mixtures, called mixclasses. A statistical model of the mixtures is proposed and studied by means of simulations. It is shown that it can be approximated by a Gaussian function under some conditions. The D'Agostino-Pearson normality test is used to assess the risk alpha of the approximation. In order to classify a brain into three types of brain tissue and deal with the problem of partial volume effects, the proposed algorithm uses two steps: 1) segmentation of the brain into pure and mixclasses using the mixture model; 2) reclassification of the mixclasses into the pure classes using knowledge about the obtained pure classes. Both steps use Markov random field (MRF) models. The multifractal dimension, describing the topology of the brain, is added to the MRFs to improve discrimination of the mixclasses. The algorithm is evaluated using both simulated images and real MR images with different T1-weighted acquisition sequences.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Expansion and uncertainty: cystic fibrosis, classification and genetics.

This paper presents an empirical examination of geneticization, the process where genetic explanations gain ascendancy in medical and social discourse. By focusing on Cystic Fibrosis (CF), this study shows how genetic explanations play a role in the reclassification of Cystic Fibrosis. One result of this geneticization is a nosological expansion, where the boundaries of the disease expand to include a certain form of male infertility. In addition this paper highlights the uncertainty in the CF classification system that results from the use of genetic explanations.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2025

Proteomics-enabled learning machine algorithms enhance the prediction of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is critical in the medical decision-making process. This study aimed to use a machine learning technique combined with proteomics to develop personalized models for predicting CVD in patients with T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS: In total, 874 patients with T2DM and 2,920 Olink proteins obtained from the UK Biobank were used in this study. Proteins were screened using Cox regression and LASSO regression. A basic model containing clinical features and a full model combining proteome and clinical features were constructed using the random survival forest algorithm. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the models and compare them with other CVD predictive models. Compared with the basic model, the full model performed better in predicting CVD, with time-dependent AUCs of 0.81 (3 years), 0.74 (5 years) and 0.74 (10 years) (0.77, 0.69 and 0.67). We calculated the risk scores of the Framingham, ASCVD and Score2-Diabetes models. The results revealed that the prediction performance of the full model was also better than that of the abovementioned models. In terms of differentiation accuracy, the results of the net reclassification improvement index and integrated discrimination improvement index showed that the full model can identify high-risk individuals more accurately (accuracy rate: 79% vs. 69%). CONCLUSIONS: Proteomics can be used to predict cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. It is also necessary to consider the applicability of the model due to the limitations of the sample size and the constraints of proteomics in clinical applications.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Proteomic Profiling Captures Residual Cardiovascular Risk Beyond the PREVENT Model in Individuals With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 2-3.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects complex pathobiological interactions among metabolic disorders, kidney injury, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Stages 2 and 3 represent critical phases of disease progression characterised by high pathological heterogeneity. This study aimed to develop a CVD protein risk score (PRS) for this population and evaluate its incremental predictive value over the PREVENT model. METHODS: This study included 24 017 participants with CKM Stages 2-3 from the UK Biobank. Using 2923 plasma proteins measured via the Olink platform, a PRS was developed in a training set (n = 19 218) using the LASSO method. In the validation set (n = 4799), the incremental predictive performance of this score over the PREVENT model was assessed using Harrell's C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS: A risk score comprising 63 proteins was constructed, primarily reflecting inflammation, kidney injury and matrix remodelling. Key proteins included growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12) and NT-proBNP. In the validation set, after adjusting for PREVENT risk factors, individuals in the high PRS group had a 2.56-fold higher risk of CVD compared to those in the low score group (HR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.96-3.37). Integrating the score into the PREVENT model improved the C-statistic by 0.034 (0.672-0.706) and achieved a 10-year NRI of 15.8% (95% CI: 9.5%-20.9%) and an IDI of 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.3%). CONCLUSION: Combining the PREVENT model with the PRS developed in this study enhances the prediction of future CVD events in the CKM Stages 2-3 population. This approach facilitates the capture of residual risk and supports precision risk stratification and management for this high-risk group.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics Enhances Prediction of Liver-Related Events Among Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a protein risk score (ProRS) for predicting liver-related events (LREs) in patients with diabetes and compare its predictive performance with the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and an established polygenic risk score. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 13 516 individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models and LASSO regression were applied to identify proteins associated with incident LREs and construct the ProRS. Predictive performance was assessed using Harrell's C-index, time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 171 (1.3%) incident LREs occurred. We identified 877 proteins associated with LRE risk, primarily enriched in inflammatory signalling, extracellular matrix remodelling and complement/coagulation cascades. In the training set, we developed a 24-protein ProRS (C-index, 0.842; 95% CI 0.797-0.884) that stratified individuals into low-, medium- and high-risk groups, with 10-year cumulative incidences of LREs of 0.2%, 1.2% and 14.2%, respectively. Compared with the low-risk group, the hazard ratio for LREs was 57.1 (95% CI 31.9-102) in the high-risk group. In the internal validation set, the ProRS model (C-index, 0.876; 95% CI 0.827-0.920) accurately predicted both short- and long-term LREs and outperformed FIB-4 index (C-index, 0.733; 95% CI 0.657-0.807) and polygenic risk score (C-index, 0.636; 95% CI 0.564-0.706). CONCLUSIONS: The protein risk score demonstrated superior performance compared with the FIB-4 index and the polygenic risk score in predicting incident LREs among individuals with prediabetes and T2D. The score allows stratification of individuals according to liver-related risk, though external validation in multi-ethnic cohorts is warranted.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Accuracy of probing attachment levels using a CEJ probe versus traditional probes.

BACKGROUND: Current interest in the assessment of probing attachment level measurements has been stimulated by recent introduction of novel periodontal probes as well as by the reclassification of periodontal diseases. Clinical attachment level (CAL) is currently the "gold standard" for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseases. AIM: To evaluate the performance of the newly introduced cementoenamel junction (CEJ) Probe in detecting CAL using the CEJ as a fixed reference point, and to compare the CEJ Probe with the Florida Disk Probe and a standard Manual Probe (North Carolina Probe). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three examiners probed 12 periodontal patients to determine intra- and inter-consistency of both the probes and the examiners, over a 4-week time interval. Subjects ranged in age from 22 to 74 years. The experimental design was structured to balance the intra- and inter-examiner consistency at the same site during the two visits. RESULTS: Using the PROC MIXED of SAS, a strong interaction (p<0.001) between the examiner and probes was found. The consistency of probing (repeatability of measurements) depended upon the type of periodontal probe used as well as the skill (experience) of the examiner. Overall, the CEJ Probe displayed a more consistent performance. The CEJ Probe demonstrated greater intra-examiner consistency than the Disk Probe for two examiners (p<0.01). The CEJ Probe also showed increased inter-examiner consistency (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The CEJ Probe has the potential to offer the dental team an efficient, accurate mechanism to chart and monitor attachment level measurements over time. Additional studies, using large numbers of examiners, are needed to assess more clearly the performance of each individual probe.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acquired perforating dermatosis: comparison of an acquired perforating dermatosis and perforation as an incidental histologic finding.

A 66-year-old Japanese woman with a rare acquired perforating disorder, usually called adult-type reactive perforating collagenosis, is reported. The patient had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus with retinopathy under oral diabetic medication. She was found to have multiple papules and umbilicated nodules on the trunk and four extremities when she was admitted and examined for the origin of jaundice and severe pruritus of sudden onset. In the biopsy specimen, collagen fibers were observed to be eliminated from the dermis through epidermal tunnel-like perforations. No elastic fibers were eliminated, and serial sectioning of the specimen could not prove follicular perforation. Adenocarcinoma of the biliary duct was found to be the cause of the jaundice with pruritus. Although such cases are usually classified as acquired reactive perforating collagenosis of adult onset, proposed reclassification for acquired perforating disorders is discussed. Another case which also showed perforation and transepithelial elimination of both collagen and elastic fibers as an incidental histologic finding is described. Such elimination seems to be a not uncommon step in the formation of pruriginous eruptions. Therefore, these cases should be differentiated from acquired-type characteristic perforating disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hand.

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (NDDH) was originally described as pustular vasculitis (PV) of the hands. Recent debate focuses on categorizing this disorder in the family of neutrophilic dermatoses (ND), as opposed to a primary vasculitis. We present a case of NDDH with clinical and histologic features consistent with ND, and discuss the major concerns for this disease's reclassification.

Hand Dermatoses↗