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PubMed1995

Influence of operator proficiency on the sealing ability of the vertical condensation.

This study sought to evaluate on a long-term basis the quality of the apical seal of the vertical condensation performed by three operators with different levels of proficiency in vertical compaction. Ninety anterior teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping to a size 30 file, the teeth were divided into three equal groups. Then, vertical condensation was performed. Apical microleakage was determined using pressurized fluid filtration at 90 min, 1 day, and 1, 4, 12, 18, and 24 wk after root canal obturation. Leakage tended to increase over time for the three groups. Teeth obturated by an inexperienced operator showed greater long-term leakage.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of apical sealing of three endodontic sealers.

AIM: The apical sealing ability of three different endodontic sealers was evaluated in extracted teeth using dye penetration. METHODOLOGY: The root canals of 99 extracted human maxillary central incisors were prepared sequentially 2 mm beyond the apical foramen with a size 55 Nitiflex file. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups and obturated by lateral condensation of cold gutta-percha and one of the following sealers: group 1, zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (Fill Canal); group 2, glass ionomer sealer (Ketac-Endo) and group 3, epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus). The teeth were covered with nail varnish to within 1 mm of the apical foramen and immersed in 2% methylene blue in a reduced pressure environment for 24 h. After this period, the teeth were washed and cut longitudinally for apical leakage analysis. The values were obtained from the maximum depth of leakage as well as the average between the maximum and minimum values observed for each group. RESULTS: Statistical evaluation of the results showed no significant difference in the leakage between Fill Canal and Ketac-Endo (P > 0.05). Leakage with AH Plus was significantly less (P < 0.01) than with the other sealers. CONCLUSIONS: All three sealers allowed some leakage to occur. Leakage with AH Plus was significantly different than with Fill Canal or Ketac-Endo.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1989

Conservative treatment of root perforations using apex locator and thermatic compactor--case study of a new method.

Endodontic perforation, a serious complication in dental practice, is among the most common problems associated with endodontic procedures. Recommended methods of treatment are surgical or conservative using calcium hydroxide paste. A method in which perforations can be obturated immediately after their detection is described. The method utilizes an apex locator for measurement and detection of the perforation and a two-step treatment of thermatic compaction for filling the root canal as well as the perforation. A number of cases with a long follow-up are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Factors influencing the long-term results of endodontic treatment: a review of the literature.

The purpose of this review of the literature is to examine the factors and their influence on the outcome of endodontic treatments, and also to attempt to have an authors' consensus concerning the impact of these factors on long-term results. The documentary research was conducted using the meta-analysis principles of critical reading of the literature. Two groups of factors can be identified regarding the outcome of endodontic treatments: those which influence the success of the procedure and those which do not significantly affect the success rate. Agreement is obtained in all studies on two major factors, the preoperative periapical status and the apical limit of the obturation, which appear to strongly influence the success of endodontic therapy. This review highlights the methodological problems of retrospective studies and points out the need for consensus regarding the evaluation criteria of root canal therapy.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1995

Influence of plugger penetration on the sealing ability of vertical condensation.

This study sought to evaluate the influence of plugger penetration on the sealing ability of vertical compaction. Ninety anterior teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping to a size #30 file, these teeth were divided into three equal groups (A, B, and C) according to the level of plugger penetration set at 5, 7, and 9 mm short of the working length, respectively. Then vertical compaction was performed. Apical microleakage was determined using pressurized fluid filtration at 90 min, 1 day, and 1, 4, 12, 18, and 24 wk after root canal obturation. Leakage tended to increase over time for the three groups. The deeper plugger penetration groups (A and B) showed significantly less apical leakage than group C.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Five methods of calcium hydroxide intracanal placement: an in vitro evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide paste using 5 techniques of placement. STUDY DESIGN: After endodontic preparation, each of 50 single-rooted premolars was filled with calcium hydroxide paste through use of one of the following techniques: Gutta-Condensor, MecaShaper, K-type ultrasonic file, Lentulo, and Pastinject. Radiographs of all 3 third root zones were made after cleaning and shaping and obturation. Density measurements (in pixels) were registered by means of an image analyzer and then compared through use of analysis of variance and Newman-Keuls multiple means tests. RESULTS: With respect to average filling density, the techniques ranked as follows, in ascending order: Gutta-Condensor, MecaShaper, K-type ultrasonic file, Lentulo, and Pastinject. There was a significant difference (P <.0009) between the Gutta-Condensor and Pastinject techniques, between the MecaShaper and Pastinject techniques, and between the ultrasonic file and Pastinject techniques; all favored the Pastinject. There were no significant differences between the Gutta-Condensor, MecaShaper, ultrasonic file, and Lentulo techniques or between the Lentulo and Pastinject techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a specially designed paste carrier (the Pastinject) improved calcium hydroxide placement in root canals.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on smear layer at the apical stop and apical leakage after obturation.

AIM: This study evaluated the removal of smear layer at the apical stop by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation with or without black ink, and the degree of apical leakage after obturation in vitro. METHODOLOGY: Sixty extracted human single-rooted teeth were used in this study. The teeth were instrumented up to a size 40 K-file, and then divided into three groups of 20 teeth each: group 1 was unlased as a control group; group 2 was treated with a laser; group 3 was treated with a laser and black ink. The laser was operated at 2 W and 20 pp for 2 s, and irradiation was performed twice with a 30-s interval. In each group, 10 teeth for the leakage study were obturated and immersed in rhodamine B solution for 48 h at 37 degrees C, and the others were used for evaluation of remaining smear layer. All teeth were bisected longitudinally and observed by stereoscopy or scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The smear layer in the laser-treated groups almost melted or evaporated, and was removed significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Leakage was observed in 60% of samples in group 1 and in 20% of samples in group 2. No leakage was observed in group 3, which was significantly different from the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation with black ink increases the removal of smear layer compared with that without black ink, and reduces apical leakage after obturation significantly.

Carbon↗
PubMed1997

Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment.

This article presents techniques for nonsurgical endodontic retreatment. Issues that influence treatment choice are discussed. Also outlined are armamentaria and techniques for coronal disassembly and removal of obturation materials.

Dental Debonding↗
PubMed1976

Effects of a warm gutta-percha technique on the lateral periodontium.

The microanatomy of lateral periodontal tissues was examined after root canal obturation by a warm gutta-percha technique had been accomplished. Inflammatory responses were slight and of shot duration. The use of hot instruments for the condensation of the filling material did not appear to endanger the integrity of the lateral periodontium.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Postoperative pain after 1- and 2-visit root canal therapy.

OBJECTIVES: The factors that influence postoperative pain after root canal treatment are not completely understood. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate postoperative pain after root canal therapy performed in 1 appointment versus 2 appointments. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-two patients requiring root canal therapy on permanent molars were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to either the 1-appointment or the 2-appointment group. Both vital and nonvital teeth were included. The standardized protocol for all teeth involved local anesthesia, isolation and access, engine-driven rotary nickel-titanium canal instrumentation to a minimum size #5 (.028 mm).04 taper Profile with step-back flaring, and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. Teeth in group 1 (n = 39) were obturated at the first appointment by using laterally condensed gutta-percha and Roth 811 sealer. Teeth in group 2 (n = 33) were closed with a sterile dry cotton pellet and Cavit restoration and were obturated at a second appointment 7 to 14 days later. A modified Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure preoperative pain and pain at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the first appointment. Statistical analysis was performed to compare groups at each interval by using an independent-samples t test with Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups at preoperative intervals or at any of the 4 postoperative intervals (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in postoperative pain between patients treated in 1 appointment and patients treated in 2 appointments. The majority of patients in both groups reported no pain or only minimal pain within 24 to 48 hours of treatment.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1997

Microleakage of a new and an old Kerr root canal sealers.

This study sought to evaluate the microleakage of two Kerr root canal sealers (old and new formulas of the Pulp Canal Sealer). Sixty anterior teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping to a size 30 file, the teeth were obturated with the vertical condensation of gutta-percha with either the old or the new root canal sealer. Apical microleakage was determined using pressurized fluid filtration at 90 min, 1 day, and 1, 4, 12, 18, and 24 wk after root canal obturation. The results showed that leakage tended to increase over time for the two groups. Also, no significant difference was found in microleakage between the old and the new formulas of the root canal sealer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment-dependent calcium diffusion from two sealers through radicular dentine.

This study examined how root canal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and citric acid affected calcium diffusion, using a calcium hydroxide-based sealer and a zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer with little calcium hydroxide. Sixty-eight single-rooted, freshly extracted teeth were decrowned to 14 mm, instrumented using a crown down technique, and divided into two groups: the experimental group (irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by 10% citric acid) and the control (irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl only). Both groups were divided into two subgroups, depending on the type of sealers used in obturation with gutta-percha. Coronal and apical openings were sealed and teeth were placed in water (37 degrees C). Spectrophotometry was used to measure the amount of calcium released in water through radicular dentin. For each sealer, the calcium diffused from the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05).

Calcium↗
PubMed1995

Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the quality of the coronal restoration and of the root canal obturation on the radiographic periapical status of endodontically treated teeth. Full-mouth radiographs from randomly selected new patient folders at Temple University Dental School were examined. The first 1010 endodontically treated teeth restored with a permanent restoration were evaluated independently by two examiners. Post and core type restorations were excluded. According to a predetermined radiographic standard set of criteria, the technical quality of the root filling of each tooth was scored as either good (GE) or poor (PE), and the quality of the coronal restoration similarly good (GR) or poor (PR). The apical one-third of the root and surrounding structures were then evaluated radiographically and the periradicular status categorized as (a) absence of periradicular inflammation (API) or (b) presence of periradicular inflammation (PPI). The rate of API for all endodontically treated teeth was 61.07%. GR resulted in significantly more API cases than GE, 80% versus 75.7%. PR resulted in significantly more PPI cases than PE, 30.2% versus 48.6%. The combination of GR and GE had the highest API rate of 91.4%, significantly higher than PR and PE with a API rate of 18.1%.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of the effect of three endodontic sealers on adherence of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Leakage of sealer from root canals to periapical tissues during root canal obturation may occur. This study was designed to evaluate the possible effect of three root canal sealers (zinc oxide-eugenol, Grossman, and AH 26) on adherence of mouse macrophages. Macrophages were obtained from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice and suspended in RPMI-1640 medium. Adherence capacity assays were carried out in Eppendorf tubes. Each sealer was tested four times after mixing (immediately, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after) and for three period of incubation (10, 20, and 30 minutes) with suspended cells. Cells were counted under the light microscope, and the adherence index was determined. Zinc oxide-eugenol and Grossman sealers killed all macrophages, and the adherence index was considered less than 1 for these sealers. AH 26 reduced the adherence index in all different periods after mixing and incubation times. But in sealer that had mixed 48 hours before the experiment and with 10 minutes of incubation, the adherence index was increased slightly, but the difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Animals↗