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PubMed1999

The Quebec Adolescent Refugee Project: psychopathology and family variables in a sample from 35 nations.

OBJECTIVE: This study presents the results of a psychiatric epidemiological survey using a sample of adolescents from refugee families. METHOD: The sample included 203 adolescents, aged 13 to 19 years, coming from 35 countries. Psychopathology was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.25 and general functioning with the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). RESULTS: The total rate of psychopathology excluding simple phobia was 21% compared with 11% in a province-wide survey of young adolescents. Overanxious disorder had a high prevalence of 13%. The rates of major depression and conduct disorders were also high, at 5% and 6%. The rate of 3% of attempted suicide was similar to the rate found in Montreal high schools. Girls had a higher rate of psychopathology than boys, with a gender ratio similar to the one found in the provincial survey. Father's long-term unemployment in the first year of settlement was associated with psychopathology for the whole sample, and family structure was associated with psychopathology for boys only. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of psychopathology in this group confirmed results from other surveys with similar samples. On the other hand, the CGAS scores indicated that many of the adolescents with a diagnosis had good social adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Contacts with pharmacists before and after "free" medical care--the Quebec experience.

This study reports the effects which the introduction of a national health insurance plan had upon established patterns of seeking health advice from pharmacists. Data were obtained from a household survey conducted in Montreal, Canada before and after the introduction of the government sponsored compulsory health insurance program. The report documents the extent to which the citizens of Montreal sought advice about health matters from pharmacists and describes the dramatic alteration in the pattern of advice seeking which occurred when the economic barriers to medical care were removed.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of visual impairment and utilization of rehabilitation services in the visually impaired elderly population of Quebec.

Data on the prevalence of reported visual impairment and on the utilization of rehabilitation services were collected on a sample consisting of 1777 community-residing people aged at least 65 years. A visual disability was considered to be present if the answer to at least one of the following two questions was positive: Do you have trouble reading ordinary newsprint with glasses (if normally worn)? Do you have trouble clearly seeing the face of someone 12 feet away with glasses (if normally worn)? Prevalence of a reported near disability was 7.6%, prevalence of a reported distance disability was 4.4%, and 3.5% of subjects reported both types of disability. In a subsample of the surveyed population, the positive predictive value was 21% and the negative predictive value was 100%, using moderate or worse visual impairment as the gold standard. Among those answering yes to both questions, 11.4% received services from a rehabilitation center and 10.0% from a nonprofit agency. The utilization rates (adjusted to apply only to those whose visual impairment was confirmed by visual examination) reached 20% for rehabilitation centers and 17.5% for nonprofit agencies. Low utilization of rehabilitation services raises questions concerning the role of general eye care practitioners, community-based health centers, and rehabilitation centers in the rehabilitative process of the visually impaired elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Bladder cancer screening among primary aluminum production workers in Quebec.

We evaluated a cytology screening program, offered by a large aluminum producer after the discovery of an excess of bladder cancer due to occupational exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatiles, in terms of early detection and survival, based on information in the public domain. From January 1970 through June 1986, 79 cases of bladder cancer were identified in this cohort of aluminum workers aged 65 years or younger. By the end of 1986, 36 had died, with bladder cancer as the primary cause of death for 53%. Cases diagnosed after the screening program was introduced in 1980 were compared with those diagnosed earlier. In cases diagnosed after 1980, the proportion identified at early stages was higher (77% v 67%) and survival seemed improved but the differences were not statistically significant. Although these results do not encourage an optimistic view of screening effectiveness in this population, the limits inherent in the present study make it impossible to draw any firm conclusion. Studies restricted to public domain information do not appear to have sufficient data to evaluate workplace screening programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Impact of the quebec school-based hepatitis B immunization program and potential benefit of the addition of an infant immunization program.

Ten years after a school-based hepatitis B immunization program was implemented, we conducted a study to assess the impact of the program, vaccine failures, risk factors and the number of cases potentially preventable by the addition of an infant vaccination program. The preteen vaccination program is highly effective. An infant immunization program would bring additional benefits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus in central Ontario and western Quebec.

Rabies persists in Ontario wildlife in two predominant species: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). A protocol applying reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) to the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene was previously reported by Nadin-Davis et al. (Journal of General Virology 74, 829-837, 1993) to be useful for discrimination of rabies virus variants in Ontario. Four main types, which showed no host species specificity but which did exhibit different geographical distributions, were identified. Between 1989 and 1992 an area north and west of the city of North Bay experienced unusual and substantial rabies activity. In this report we describe the use of these molecular techniques to investigate the epidemiology of this recent rabies outbreak in central Ontario. It is shown that two of the four previously identified variants had invaded this region from the south and east, but in addition viruses very closely related to arctic isolates of rabies virus were found. The nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes of this arctic type were sequenced and compared to those of its more southerly neighbours.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula from Quebec dairy barns: application of simplified criteria for the identification of an agent responsible for farmer's lung disease.

Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) is one of the major agents responsible for farmer's lung disease, a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is frequently isolated from the air of contaminated barns. The identification of this actinomycete is difficult because most of its phenotypic characteristics are variable and classical tests are not easy to perform on actinomycetes. Fatty acid analysis is very useful for the identification of these strains, but is not available except in some research or reference laboratories. Morphological (microscopic and macroscopic observations), physiological and biochemical tests (growth properties; macromolecules degraded; citrate utilisation and acid production from carbohydrates; resistance to antibiotics, lysozyme and heat), cell wall and fatty acid analyses and IgG analyses with serum from patients with farmer's lung were performed on 12 environmental isolates presumed to be S. rectivirgula and two control strains of S. rectivirgula. From this, a simple and rapid scheme for the identification of this actinomycete is proposed: optimal growth temperature (55 degrees C); colony appearance based on morphology (filamentous) and colour (beige to orange-brown); microscopic morphology (chains of spores on both aerial and substrate mycelium); growth on NaCl 10%; cell-wall analysis (type IV); and the verification of antibody response with serum from a patient with farmer's lung. This last criterion is important to confirm the immunogenicity of the strains identified as S. rectivirgula. This scheme provides an accurate and efficient way of identifying S. rectivirgula strains and evaluating exposure to this bacterium. The study shows the limited value and the lack of reproducibility of some classical biochemical tests.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed2004

The Delta>15 Kb deletion French Canadian founder mutation in familial hypercholesterolemia: rapid polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic assay and prevalence in Quebec.

Approximately one in 500 individuals in Western population has autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia due to mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. Screening for these mutations is hampered by their large number, except in founder populations. We identified the breakpoint of the >15 kb deletion involving the LDLR gene promoter and exon 1, responsible for more than 60% of French Canadian hypercholesterolemia cases, as well as the breakpoint of the 5 kb deletion of exons 2 and 3 that accounts for an additional 5% of cases. Both deletions appear to be because of homologous recombination by unequal crossing-over between the left arms of Alu repeats. Using RepeatMasker, we determined that 55% of the LDLR gene is composed of Alu elements; thus, it is not surprising that most LDLR rearrangements involve at least one Alu. Furthermore, we developed a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based assay for the French Canadian-1 (>15 kb) and French Canadian-5 (5 kb) hypercholesterolemia alleles. Screening a representative population sample of 943 French Canadian youths whose LDL cholesterol levels were above the 50th percentile allowed us to estimate the prevalence of the >15 kb allele as 0.11% (95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.38).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Long-term mortality experience of chrysotile miners and millers in Thetford Mines, Quebec.

Among a cohort of 544 men with at least 20 years of employment in chrysotile mining and milling at Thetford Mines, Canada, 16% of the deaths were from lung cancer and 15% from asbestosis. The excess over expected deaths from these causes account for 43 of 178 deaths in the group. The risk of death of asbestosis, at equal times fron onset of exposure, is very similar in miners and millers, factory workmen and insulators. The ratio of observed to expected deaths from lung cancer is similar in the miners and millers and factory workers, but higher in insulators. The risk of death of mesothelioma in miners and millers is decidedly less than the other two groups. The exact causes of the reduced risk in this category are not yet completely clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A survey of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Quebec standardbred racehorses.

Sixty Standardbred horses, aged 3 to 10 years, were examined endoscopically for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) 1 h after racing, on at least 3 occasions. Racing time, finishing position and post exercise venous lactate concentrations were also recorded. Horses positive for tracheal blood on endoscopy were classified as having either grade 1 EIPH (one or a few spots of blood in the trachea), or grade 2 (stream of blood). Air temperature, relative humidity and air pollutant levels were recorded on each examination day. Of the 60 horses, 52 (87%) were EIPH-positive on at least one evaluation out of 3 and 40 of the 52 (77%) showed grade 2 EIPH on at least one occasion. Of the 52 EIPH-positive horses, 52% bled 3 times out of 3, 21% 2 out of 3 and 27% once. When only the first examination was considered, 37 of the 60 horses (62%) were EIPH-positive. There was no significant relation detected between either presence or frequency of EIPH and age, sex, or gait. Horses that showed grade 2 EIPH bled significantly (P = < 0.001) more frequently (mean: 83% of examinations) than horses having shown no more than grade 1 EIPH (47% of examinations). No significant differences could be detected between EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative races in the average racing times, finishing positions and blood lactate concentrations of the 29 horses which showed intermittent EIPH. The proportion of horses showing EIPH on each day where at least 5 horses were examined was correlated with air temperature, relative humidity, and the levels of several air pollutants on those days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2006

Invasive meningococcal disease in Quebec, Canada, due to an emerging clone of ST-269 serogroup B meningococci with serotype antigen 17 and serosubtype antigen P1.19 (B:17:P1.19).

During periods of endemic meningococcal disease, serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for a significant percentage of invasive diseases, and no particular clone or strain predominates (F. E. Ashton and D. A. Caugant, Can. J. Microbiol. 47: 293-289, 2001), However, in the winter of 2004 to 2005, a cluster of serogroup B meningococcal disease occurred in one region in the province of Québec, Canada. The N. meningitidis strain responsible for this cluster of cases was identified as sequence type ST-269 with the antigenic formula B:17:P1.19. Retrospective analysis of isolates from 2000 onwards showed that this clone first emerged in the province of Québec in 2003. The emergence of this clone of serogroup B meningococci occurred after a mass vaccination against serogroup C N. meningitidis, suggesting possible capsule replacement.

Adolescent↗