Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Promotion”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Caffeine promotes premature chromosome condensation formation and in vitro development in porcine reconstructed embryos via a high level of maturation promoting factor activity during nuclear transfer.

When the nucleus in G0/G1 phase is transferred to an enucleated oocyte by nuclear transfer (NT), its nuclear envelope is broken, followed by condensation of chromosome structure by maturation promoting factor (MPF). This morphological remodeling of the transferred interphase nucleus seems to be essential for subsequent development of NT embryos. In this study, we treated porcine NT embryos with caffeine, which has been reported to increase MPF activity, to keep their MPF level high during NT. When 2.5 mM caffeine was added to the handling medium, the proportion of NT embryos showing condensed chromosome increased significantly (P < 0.05). In NT embryos treated with caffeine, the activity of p34(cdc2) kinase was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in those without caffeine at 3 h post-injection. In addition, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage after activation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NT embryos treated with caffeine. These results indicate that caffeine treatment can increase not only the rate of chromosome condensation but also the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage of porcine NT embryos. This action is most likely due to the support/increase of MPF activity throughout the process of NT.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Role of Black churches in health promotion programs: lessons from the Los Angeles Mammography Promotion in Churches Program.

OBJECTIVES: This article assesses pastor-level factors that affect the successful recruitment and implementation of community-based health promotion programs in Black churches. METHODS: Semistructured interviews with 16 pastors of Black churches were analyzed for content. RESULTS: We found that although the involvement of Black pastors in an array of secular activities makes them open to participate in health programs, their overcommitment to other issues can negatively influence their ability to participate. Second, although Black pastors appreciate being included in and benefiting from health research, minorities' history of being underserved and exploited can lead to suspiciousness and reluctance to participate. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that those interested in developing church-based health programs in the Black community must be attuned to how the same factors can both facilitate and hinder a program's development.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sequence analysis of the human thymidine kinase gene promoter: comparison with the human PCNA promoter.

We report the sequence of 4264 nucleotides of 5' flanking sequence of the human thymidine kinase gene, a gene that is maximally expressed at the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle. The position of nucleotide sequences which can act as binding sites for trans-acting factors, Sp-1, AP-1/jun, AP-2, OTF-1 and CAAT box factors as well as other potential cis-acting sequences have been mapped. The organization of these cis-acting sequences in the promoter of the human PCNA gene (another gene that is maximally expressed at the G1/S boundary) are shown for comparison. The potential role that these sequences may play in the transcriptional regulation of these genes is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Using a health promotion model to promote benchmarking.

The North East (England) Neonatal Benchmarking Group has been established for almost a decade and has researched and developed a substantial number of evidence-based benchmarks. With no firm evidence that these were being used or that there was any standardisation of neonatal care throughout the region, the group embarked on a programme to review the benchmarks and determine what evidence-based guidelines were needed to support standardisation. A health promotion planning model was used by one subgroup to structure the programme; it enabled all members of the sub group to engage in the review process and provided the motivation and supporting documentation for implementation of changes in practice. The need for a regional guideline development group to complement the activity of the benchmarking group is being addressed.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2000

Promotion of sexual health in the American cultural context: implications for health promotion in school age African-American girls.

African-American girls are at greater risk of engaging in sexual behavior at earlier ages, and putting themselves at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. It may also lead to more limited successful life trajectory. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of some of the issues facing African-American girls today as they leave preadolescence and enter early adolescence. Research and health promotion strategies are identified that need to be examined and addressed when providing care to this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How far should we promote smoking reduction in order to promote smoking cessation?

Smoking is the greatest preventable cause of death worldwide. In recent years considerable efforts have been devoted to reducing exposure to tobacco and related products. The ultimate aim has been to persuade people to stop smoking. It is generally recognized that smoking cessation is effective in reducing the burden of disease associated with smoking. However, smoking is an addiction to nicotine and relatively few people can quit successfully without professional help. Many do not want even to try. There is evidence that a reduction in cigarette consumption could result in improved health and provide an intermediate step before complete cessation, especially for those smokers who are not ready or willing to quit. Smoking reduction intervention with counselling and/or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) have been shown by randomised controlled trials to be effective in reducing cigarette consumption for the general smoking population. We here present the argument that there may be a case for promoting smoking reduction both as a desirable goal in itself and as a first step towards smoking cessation.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1989

Specific binding of a hepatoma nuclear factor to the NF.kappa B/H2TF1 recognition motif found in the C4 promoter, but not in the Slp promoter.

The fourth component of C (C4) and sex-limited protein (Slp) genes of FM strain mice show more than 95% nucleotide identity both in the coding and the about 2 kb of 5' flanking region, but are distinct in their regulation. Although C4 is a constitutive gene, Slp is an androgen-dependent gene and shows negligible basal level expression. We have previously shown that this difference in basal expression is determined by a region of about 400 bp immediately 5' of the transcriptional start site of the C4 and Slp genes. In this report, we demonstrate a specific binding site for a HepG2 nuclear extract in this region of the C4 gene by gel retardation and DNase I footprinting experiments. Nucleotide sequence of this binding site is very similar to the recognition sequence of well characterized transcription factors, NF.kappa B and H2TF1. Synthetic oligonucleotides representing the binding sites of the H-2Kb class I and IL-6 genes for these factors compete with the C4 promoter for the complex formation with a HepG2 nuclear factor. Due to the nucleotide deletion and substitution, the corresponding region of the Slp gene lacks this sequence motif as well as binding activity to the HepG2 nuclear factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Oct-1 protein promotes functional transcription complex assembly on the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter.

The ubiquitous transcription factor Oct-1 stimulates basal transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter by binding to octamer-related sequences present in the proviral long terminal repeat. The mechanism of transcriptional activation by Oct-1 was investigated using in vitro transcription assays with a HeLa cell nuclear extract depleted of endogenous Oct-1. Oct-1-mediated transcriptional activation could be reconstituted by addition of bacterially expressed recombinant Oct-1 protein. The stimulatory effect of Oct-1 was observed only when the protein was present during formation of transcription preinitiation complexes and not when added to fully assembled complexes. Furthermore, assembled MMTV preinitiation complexes were resistant to inhibition by a competitor oligonucleotide containing MMTV octamer-related elements that could eliminate Oct-1-mediated stimulation when present during the assembly process. The time course of transcription complex assembly revealed that Oct-1 increases the number of templates on which functional transcription complexes form. Finally, experiments designed to exploit the sensitivity of discrete steps in transcription complex assembly to the anionic detergent Sarkosyl demonstrated that Oct-1 must be present during formation of an early intermediate in the assembly process.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Promoting the health promoting school.

The Health of the Nation strategy commits the government to establishing a national network of health-promoting schools. Alysoun Moon describes an independent pilot project in Wandsworth, south London which is pioneering the concept in ten selected primary schools.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of breastfeeding promotion literature: does it really promote breastfeeding?

Breastfeeding pamphlets are being produced for new mothers by both commercial and nonprofit sources in increasing quantities. A regional lactation committee decided to evaluate these materials on the basis of accuracy, degree of positive approach to breastfeeding, readability and compliance with the WHO/UNICEF Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes. Results indicate that materials produced by non-profit sources scored higher in positive approach accuracy and WHO Code compliance compared with commercial sources. Only 2 of 22 pamphlets in the sample were written within the recommended reading level of Grade 5-8. None of the materials met all of the criteria for good promotional breastfeeding literature.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting heart health promotion.

Prevention of ischaemic heart disease is a priority for public health. Revised Mandatory Guidelines have resulted in substantial investment in individual healthy lifestyles programs and local health units have been encouraged to develop comprehensive heart health promotion programs. Initiatives to support this direction include the Heart Health Action Program, the Canadian Heart Health Initiative, the Ontario Heart Health Network, the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and the Teaching Health Unit program. In spite of this, local health units have been slow to adopt comprehensive heart health approaches. The Canadian Heart Health Initiative-Ontario Project (CHHIOP) is studying the dissemination of community heart health programming, particularly factors influencing adoption by local public health departments. CHHIOP's observational component uses province-wide health unit and community "scans" and in-depth studies using qualitative methodology. CHHIOP's interventional component is developing a provincial linkage system.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

Cross-competition for TATA-binding protein between TATA boxes of the selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec promoter and RNA polymerase II promoters.

In this study we show that the TATA-binding protein (TBP) interacts with the selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec TATA element in a fashion analogous to the TBP-TATA interaction in RNA polymerase (Pol) II-transcribed genes even though the gene is transcribed by Pol III. Recombinant TBPs expressed in Escherichia coli bound to the tRNA[Ser]Sec TATA element. A factor was detected in Xenopus oocyte extracts which contain TBP and bind to the TATA boxes of the tRNA[Ser]Sec gene and various class II genes. Transcription of the microinjected tRNA[Ser]Sec gene was inhibited in Xenopus oocytes by coinjection with the TATA box of the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP). Transcription of a 5S gene was not affected under these conditions. These results suggest that the tRNA[Ser]Sec gene recruits TBP in a manner similar to that of TATA-dependent Pol II-transcribed genes and differently from that of Pol III-transcribed genes lacking a TATA box.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Final checkpoint in the drug-promoted and poliovirus-promoted apoptosis is under post-translational control by growth factors.

The treatment of HeLa subline (HeLa-B) cells with cycloheximide or Actinomycin D resulted in a rapid (approximately 1.5 h and approximately 2.5 h, respectively) development of morphological and biochemical signs of apoptosis. The addition of fetal bovine serum to the cycloheximide-treated or Actinomycin D-treated cells suppressed the apoptotic reaction, as evidenced by the postponement of the DNA fragmentation for at least 9 and 5 h, respectively. A similar suppressive effect was observed upon the serum addition to cells undergoing abortive infection with poliovirus, which died of apoptosis in the absence of the serum. The serum appeared to exert its anti-apoptotic effect without any appreciable lag and even immediately blocked further progress of ongoing DNA fragmentation. The epidermal growth factor also suppressed, although less efficiently and more transiently, the apoptotic reaction promoted by the metabolic inhibitors. It is concluded that growth factors may affect, without modulating either transcription or translation, the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic activities at a final checkpoint, just preceding the irreversible effector step of apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1995

Plasmid amplification-promoting sequences from the origin region of Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene do not promote position-independent chromosomal gene amplification.

Initiation of DNA synthesis occurs with high frequency at oribeta, a region of DNA from the amplified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) domain of Chinese hamster CHOC 400 cells that contains an origin of bidirectional DNA replication (OBR). Recently, sequences from DHFR oribeta/OBR were shown to stimulate amplification of cis-linked plasmid DNA when transfected into murine cells. To test the role of oribeta/OBR in chromosomal gene amplification, linearized plasmids containing these sequences linked to a DHFR expression cassette were introduced into DHFR- CHO DUKX cells. After selection for expression of DHFR, cell lines that contain a single integrated, unrearranged copy of the linearized expression plasmid were identified and exposed to low levels of the folate analog, methotrexate (MTX). Of seven clonal cell lines containing the vector control, three gained resistance to MTX by 5 to 15-fold amplification of the integrated marker gene. Of 16 clonal cell lines that contained oribeta/OBR linked to a DHFR mini-gene, only 6 gained resistance to MTX by gene amplification. Hence, sequences from the DHFR origin region that stimulate plasmid DNA amplification do not promote amplification of an integrated marker gene in all chromosomal contexts. In addition to showing that chromosomal position has a strong influence on the frequency of gene amplification, these studies suggest that the mechanism that mediates the experiment of episomal plasmid DNA does not contribute to the early steps of chromosomal gene amplification.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Toxicodynamics of tumour promoters of mouse skin. III. Specific binding of the tumour promoter thapsigargin as measured by the cold-acetone filter assay.

A method is described for measuring rapid, specific, and saturable binding of the skin irritant and tumour-promoting secretagogue thapsigargin (sesquiterpene lactone) to the microsomal fraction from mouse brain. Employing the tritium-labelled compound its apparent dissociation constant, Kd, and the maximal amount of binding Bmax are shown to be 9.8 nM and 1.9 pmol/mg protein respectively. Such a Kd for thapsigargin is similar to (a) its IC50 value for inhibiting Ca2+ uptake in the microsomal fraction from rat brain and (b) its EC50 values for inducing a rise in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration of human platelets and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. A positive correlation is found between the binding affinities of thapsigargin, thapsitranstagin, and trilobolide, their potencies as secretagogues and their lipophilicities. This correlation does not extend to the skin-irritant activities of the compounds thus emphasizing that their mechanism of action is unlike that of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The calcium mobilizing tumor promoting agent, thapsigargin elevates the platelet cytoplasmic free calcium concentration to a higher steady state level. A possible mechanism of action for the tumor promotion.

The ability of the platelet agonists thapsigargin (Tg) and thrombin to elevate the cytoplasmic free calcium level ([Ca2+]i) was examined. Both agonists induced a transient increase of [Ca2+]i with a different time-course, however. Thus, the maximal [Ca2+]i was reached 15 sec and 2 min after stimulation with thrombin and Tg, respectively. The thrombin induced rise of [Ca2+]i was reversible, which indicates that active calcium sequestration and/or extrusion is operating. Tg affected [Ca2+]i in a divergent manner, thus, [Ca2+]i was stabilized on a elevated level without initial formation of a pronounced peak. The decline in [Ca2+]i observed after thrombin stimulation was not impaired by the calmodulin binding drug trifluoperazine but it was strongly reduced by vanadate, which suggests the active calcium transport systems to be insensitive to calmodulin. We put forward the hypothesis that the tumor promoting activity of Tg is attributable to its ability to stabilize [Ca2+]i on a new elevated steady state level.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1988

Induction of HL-60 monocytic cell differentiation promoted by a perturbation of DNA synthesis: hydroxyurea promotes action of TPA.

Control of terminal cell differentiation was studied using the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. HL-60 cells are known to undergo terminal monocytic differentiation when continuously exposed to 1.6 nM tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). The dose-response relationship between TPA concentration and induced differentiation is relatively steep. TPA (1.1 nM) induces little G1/0 specific growth inhibition or phenotypic differentiation. In contrast, pretreating the cells with a pulse exposure to hydroxyurea promotes their capability to terminally differentiate in response to TPA. Initially exponentially proliferating cells exposed for 20 h, approximately one doubling time, to 0.3 mM hydroxyurea, a subcytotoxic dose, underwent rapid G1/0 specific growth arrest and cell differentiation in response to subsequent exposure to 1.1 nM TPA. The extent of terminal differentiation was comparable to that induced by 1.6 nM TPA. The results support the hypothesis that early events in induction of terminal HL-60 cell differentiation depend on an S phase-specific process which may involve gene amplification.

Cell Differentiation↗