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Solving the Orem mystery: an educational strategy.

Three years ago Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory was introduced in five pilot units at the Toronto General Hospital. To augment the existing implementation program and to introduce the basic concepts of the theory to staff from nonproject units, the clinical nurse specialist group developed a multimedia exhibit showing the theory in action. The theory was interpreted within the framework of the nursing process. A case study approach was developed so that a global perspective of the actual application of the model could be readily visualized. This article describes the activities involved in producing a self-learning educational presentation that can be put to a variety of uses, such as orientation of new staff and a review for current project unit staff, and that can also be revised and augmented as use of the theory becomes more sophisticated.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗

Participatory learning in continuing nursing education: Soviet edition of a public health and medicine trivia game.

The challenge in designing professional continuing education programs lies in balancing the need to provide a new knowledge base with the need to engage the interest of the adult learner. This article reports on the use and evaluation of an experiential and innovative educational approach using adult learning techniques in a continuing education program for nurses in a cross-cultural setting.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

Programmed instruction revisited: a solution to infection control inservice education.

Recent standards established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regarding protection against occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents a challenge to staff development and inservice educators to provide the necessary education and training in light of the 24-hour operation of a hospital, the nursing shortage, and the use of part-time personnel. In order to provide initial and periodic infection control programs for nursing personnel, a self-managed module in the form of a programmed unit of instruction (PUI) was developed and tested to determine its effectiveness and efficiency for teaching the basic principles of infection control to inservice nurses. Results of the study indicated that nurses who took a PUI in the basic principles of infection control scored higher on posttests than those who attended a lecture, regardless of their pretest scores, educational level, and experience (p less than .0001).

Cross Infection↗

Home study refresher courses for RNs and LPNs.

The home study refresher courses for registered nurses and licensed practical nurses have met a real need in this time of nursing shortage. The provision for self-paced study and self-arranged supervision of clinical practice allows the maximum flexibility to adjust to family responsibilities.

Curriculum↗

Rural nurses as self-directed learners: overcoming obstacles to continuing education.

Evaluation of a fieldtest of a self-directed learning (SDL) program included assessing rural nurses' self-perceived competencies in this method and loci of control for motivation. A significant negative relationship occurred between high scores for learner skills and internal motivation ratings. Sixty-two percent rated themselves above the mean as self-directed learners regardless of perceived loci of control in the stressful rural practice environment. SDL can offer an alternative way to meet continuing education needs of rural nurses in their efforts to overcome the many obstacles to professional growth in rural practice.

Clinical Competence↗

Self-directed learning and nursing orientation programs: are they compatible?

Is self-directed learning (SDL) effective in meeting the educational needs of nurses? If so, is this method of learning compatible with nursing orientation programs? This article describes a study that examined nurses' experience with and knowledge of SDL, and explored its use in nursing orientation programs. Results showed that most nurses prefer to use SDL over learning directed by educators. However, this study identified a number of factors that educators should consider prior to implementing SDL in hospital orientation programs.

Adult↗

Using a self-care framework for continuing education in gerontological nursing.

Orem's (1985) Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (S-CDNT) was used as a framework for an 8-day continuing education course in gerontological nursing provided nine times throughout Missouri. Through the use of case studies, major elements of the theory were not only introduced, but also were related to practice by speakers who focused on self-care abilities and limitations, as well as self-care demands and agency. Evaluation data from each of the locations demonstrated a significant increase in participants' knowledge scores from pre- to posttest (p less than .0001) using the Sign Rank Test. Participants perceived a substantial increase in both knowledge of theory-based gerontological nursing and theory-based practice. Follow-up evaluations after 6 months suggested that the use of S-CDNT as a framework for gerontological nursing content had a lasting impact on the development of a strong nursing perspective and on more positive attitudes toward gerontological nursing.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗