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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The ferret for non-rodent toxicity studies - a pathologist's view.

Ferrets have been used in our laboratories over the past 4 years in 12 small drug toxicity studies (14-28 days, 6-8 ferrets, usually male) and recently for a larger study (90 days, 54 ferrets). This has provided a basis for assessing the suitability of the ferret as an alternative species for non-rodent drug toxicity studies. It is amenable to daily dosing by gavage, and it shows gastric damage of a similar type and degree to the dog in response to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Certain minor peculiarities of its background pathology are worth noting, but no major problems were seen in this area which would limit its usefulness for routine toxicity testing.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Mediastinal masses in childhood: a review from a paediatric pathologist's point of view.

From 1970 to 1989, 121 children with mediastinal masses of various sorts were seen in the Department of Pathology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. The series is considered representative of the true incidence of these conditions in the state of Victoria, which had an average paediatric population during the time of this series of 900,000 children. The commonest cause of a mediastinal mass was NHL (36 cases). This was followed by HD (24 cases), then neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma (16 and 9 cases respectively), duplication cysts (10 cases), teratomas (7 cases), neurofibroma (4 cases) and lymphangioma (3 cases). A great variety of rare conditions made up the remainder of the series and included mediastinal abscess, thymic cyst, pericardial cyst, accessory lobe of lung, plasma cell granuloma, fibromatosis, paravertebral Ewing's tumour, carcinoid tumour and neurofibrosarcoma. Presentation of the children with NHL was often acute with respiratory distress, while the child with HD was usually older and symptoms were more often systemic than local. The surgeon's role in diagnosis of these most frequently encountered mediastinal masses can be crucial and biopsy when indicated must be carried out with great care to produce material that is adequate for diagnosis and for the performance of cell marker studies and chromosome analysis. Neuroblastoma (NBL) and ganglioneuroma (GN) together were the third largest group. Children with neuroblastoma were usually young; 15 of the 18 cases were less than 2 years old. One-third of the infants with neuroblastoma presented with paraplegia and one-third with respiratory symptoms including wheeze, stridor and respiratory difficulty. Three children had Horner's syndrome. Prognosis of children with thoracic neuroblastoma is very good and contrasts with the poor outlook for those with abdominal neuroblastoma. Stage at presentation is probably the most important single prognostic variable. Ganglioneuroma presents at a later age than neuroblastoma and symptoms may be present for a long time or may be completely absent. Catecholamines, usually raised in neuroblastoma, are mostly normal in ganglioneuroma. Duplication cysts were the next most frequent group. Symptoms can often be acute and life threatening, although in three of our ten cases the cyst was an incidental finding on chest X-ray. However, only three of our patients had a normal respiratory examination. Teratomas were usually large and more often benign than malignant. Excision is the mandatory treatment and is usually curative. Although teratomas in young infants are often cellular and composed of many immature tissue types, their behaviour is benign.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Molecular biological research in pituitary adenomas from the pathologists' view.

Some recent findings related to pituitary adenoma pathology achieved by molecular biological methods are briefly reviewed. It is increasingly obvious that the application of the molecular pathology approach can provide a deeper insight into the causation, histogenesis, cellular derivation and differentiation as well as progression of pituitary adenomas and can help to understand better structure-function correlations.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Wegener's granulomatosis. Thoughts and observations of a pathologist.

The clinical entity now known as Wegener's granulomatosis was first reported in 1936. Since then the disease's histopathology has been clarified, although its etiology remains unknown. Treatment requires immuno-suppressant therapy and careful following of affected patients. The present report reviews the historical background for the discovering of Wegener's granulomatosis and current clinical considerations.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis↗
PubMed1993

The pathologist's appraisal of neck dissections.

A critical assessment is presented on the description and interpretation of histopathological findings in neck dissections undertaken in patients with squamous carcinomas originating in the head and neck. The topics covered include the localization and measurement of nodal metastases, variant histopathological appearances, micrometastases and extranodal spread.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1987

[Morphologic diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors--aspects of radical treatment from the viewpoint of the pathologist].

Malignant soft tissue tumors can be characterized and their tumor biology evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods and grading procedures in a much better way than ever before. Furthermore CT and other physical methods give us optimal information about local tumor extension and in some way also about tumor spread for further therapy planning. All criteria should be used for decisions on local tumor extirpation, compartment extirpation or amputative procedures. Local tumor behaviour (original multifocality, pseudomultifocality by local spread and formation of trabant tumor foci) as well as tendency to lymphatic spread (f.i. synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) must also be considered in therapy planning.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the pathologist in diagnosis and surgical decision making in hyperparathyroidism.

Hyperparathyroidism has been diagnosed with increasing frequency in recent decades. The concomitant awareness that the disease may be the cause of a concealed morbidity and even an increased mortality has resulted in more liberal indications for surgery. Many patients currently undergo surgery on the grounds of only mild hypercalcemia and in the absence of any apparent clinical symptoms. This policy of early surgical treatment has emphasized the importance of a histopathological parathyroid diagnosis, since many of these patients exhibit chief cell hyperplasia and minimal glandular enlargement. Light microscopic examination of frozen sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and with stains for demonstration of cytoplasmic fat in the parathyroid chief cells, and appropriate weight estimates of the parathyroid glands, constitute the conventional, intra-operative basis for the diagnosis. The use of specific antiparathyroid antibodies is an important new tool in the histopathological parathyroid examination, mainly because of the ability to demonstrate the cause of increased parathyroid hormone release from the pathological parathyroid tissue. A careful histopathological examination in combination with gross inspection of the parathyroid glands by an experienced eye should contribute to adequate surgical treatment and minimize errors in operative management in patients with hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗