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PubMed1986

Luteinizing hormone and ovulation timing.

Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are routinely used in the treatment of infertility for ovulation assessment and timing of artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and endometrial biopsies. Extensive clinical research has shown the LH surge in serum or plasma to be the standard for precise ovulation timing. The relationship of the LH surge to oocyte maturation (preovulatory) and fresh ovulatory stigmata (postovulatory) enhances the status of LH as the standard. Within this context, the advantages and disadvantages of the method are weighed against broad clinical application for general ovulation prediction.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonic indices of ovulation.

Ultrasound affords direct observation of anatomic changes leading to ovulation. It is useful in many clinical applications, such as monitoring ovulation induction regimens, determining the time of oocyte harvest in in vitro fertilization programs and assisting with timing artificial insemination. The specific time of ovulation cannot be predicted accurately enough using ultrasound to make it optimal for routine monthly cycle use.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Determination of ovarian steroid hormone levels in saliva. An overview.

Assessment of ovarian activity based on saliva samples has proven particularly useful in studies of women in well-developed countries and is potentially of even greater value in women of lower socioeconomic status in Third World countries. Assay techniques suitable for measuring low concentrations of steroids in saliva have become available only recently, so data derived from salivary sampling regimens are far less extensive than those based on plasma or urinary sampling procedures. Collecting saliva is an attractive alternative to the more conventional procedures because of the ease of frequent collection and freedom from religious and social constraints. Simple, direct assays for salivary progesterone have been established, but those for estradiol require considerably more research before becoming useful in routine practice. Predicting ovulation with data derived from saliva sampling awaits the development of more suitable assays for salivary estradiol.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1987

[Measurement of ovulation rate in rabbits by celioscopy].

With the aim of determining the efficiency of a simple and non destructive method for measuring the ovulation rate, 20 doe rabbits were subjected to coelioscopy and slaughtered on day 14 of gestation. Among the 40 ovaries examined, 45% of corpora lutea counts were accurate and 35% approximate (+/- 1), i.e. a total of 80% acceptable counts. This percentage represented 96% when the number of corpora lutea per ovary did not exceed 8. As compared with a few control does, coelioscopy did not seem to have a significant unfavourable effect on embryonic survival rate on day 14 of gestation, but this result has to be checked. It may be concluded that this method can be used in further experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sperm processing and intrauterine insemination for oligospermia.

The success of IVF has led to the adaptation of IVF sperm processing methods for WIUI. When WIUI is used for treating oligoasthenospermia, there is a theoretical advantage because an isolated population of only the most motile, capacitated sperm are placed directly into the wife's uterus. The cervix and its mucus are bypassed, which may provide a mechanical or biochemical advantage for semen from subfertile males. Removal of seminal plasma (and prostaglandins contained therein) prevents the painful uterine contractions that can occur when raw semen is placed directly into the uterine cavity. The disadvantages of WIUI are related to its expense, problems with precise timing of ovulation, and the frustration that can occur when inseminating personnel are not available whenever ovulation occurs on weekends or holidays. Only truly committed couples who will try WIUI for multiple cycles should be selected for this method of infertility treatment. Although male-factor infertility currently is one of the main indications for WIUI, the widely variable pregnancy rates reported with WIUI leave some doubt regarding its ultimate role in the treatment of this condition. Our own preliminary results with WIUI for treatment of asthenospermia, oligoasthenospermia, and "cervical factor" infertility are encouraging, although the numbers of patients are small. We anticipate that with further refinement of methods of sperm processing and with the newer improved methods of home monitoring of ovulation, these results may improve. Factors that determine pregnancy rates of WIUI for the treatment of oligoasthenospermia are numerous. The degree of oligospermia and/or asthenospermia, the cooperation and persistence of the couple through the required cycles of WIUI (drop-out rate), the method and meticulousness of sperm processing, the accuracy of monitoring ovulation, the availability of insemination personnel whenever ovulation occurs (even on weekends and holidays), and possibly the duration of infertility will all play a role in the ultimate success of WIUI programs. Couples selecting WIUI must be aware that it does not now offer a high pregnancy rate when used for treatment of male-factor infertility. The apparent increased pregnancy rate of WIUI compared with other methods of AIH may have resulted from modern methods of monitoring ovulation. Studies have not yet been performed to show whether comparable pregnancy rates would be obtained if similar methods of monitoring ovulation were used with cervicovaginal methods of AIH. We believe the only clear indication for WIUI now is an abnormal sperm-cervical mucus interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1986

Correlation of vaginal hormonal cytograms with cervical mucus symptoms as observed by women using the ovulation method of natural family planning.

The first study was done in which vaginal hormonal cytograms were correlated with cervical mucus symptoms as charted by women using the ovulation method of natural family planning. Daily vaginal smears obtained by 67 women during 78 menstrual cycles provided the basis of the study. The women had used the ovulation method for at least three cycles and were not breast-feeding. All vaginal smears examined cytologically had a microbiologic diagnosis of lactobacilli. All the vaginal hormonal cytograms revealed ovulatory-type patterns. Karyopyknotic index (KPI) peak correlated with peak mucus day +/-2 days in 74, or 94.9%, of the cases, with a mean of peak mucus at +0.14 days. The average number of mucus days prior to the KPI peak was 6.1. Seven women also provided daily blood specimens for bioassay of luteinizing hormone (LH). KPI peaked with a mean of 0.7 days after the LH peak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Outlining the physiological, biotechnological, clinical, and ethical aspects of extracorporeal (in vitro) fertilization and embryo transfer, and its progressively increasing practical application in the treatment of human sterility, the authors briefly share their experiences and achievements in the field. The observation data of 42 embryo transfers (from April to November 1984) performed on patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christian-Albrechts-University and Michaelis-Midwifery School, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany, is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Does ultrasound have an adverse effect on the fertility of women?].

Fifty women who were subfertile received artificial insemination from donors (A.I.D.) with ultrasound monitoring of ovulation. They were compared with an identical number of women who were inseminated without ultrasound control. The series side by side showed that there was a lower fertilisation rate in those who were monitored (4.2% compared with 6.2%) per month on an average over six months as compared with those who were not monitored by ultrasound, and those who were monitored took significantly longer to become pregnant than those who were not monitored. Because of these results the authors wonder whether ultrasounds are harmful for ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of ovulation with basal body temperature.

Basal body temperature (BBT) is used extensively to monitor ovulation in the treatment of infertility. There are well-defined methods of interpreting the BBT graph retrospectively that identify a presumptive day of ovulation. The prediction of ovulation through utilization of the BBT graph (strictly concurrent interpretation) is adversely influenced by temperature fluctuation and cycle length variability. The BBT graph can be very useful when its interpretation is well defined and its limitations understood.

Body Temperature↗