Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Overweight”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Overweight and increased blood pressure in preschool-aged children.

This paper presents the data on height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 3-7 year old children. A sample of preschoolers (n=1441) was drawn from the kindergartens in Kaunas city (Lithuania). The 5 ( th ), 10 ( th ), 50 ( th ), 90 ( th ) and 95 ( th ) percentiles were estimated for studied variables and the criteria for the overweight and increased blood pressure were calculated. It was shown that body mass index could be used as an indicator of the child's physical development. Its value 14-18 kg/m ( 2 ) indicates an optimal child's growing, value < or = 14 kg/m ( 2 ) - the underweight, value > or =18 kg/m ( 2 ) - the overweight. According to these criteria it was found that 7.4% of 3-7 year old children were underweight, 5.8% overweight. Increased blood pressure (over 90 ( th ) percentile of systolic or/and diastolic blood pressure) had 21.4% of examined children. The prevalence of increased blood pressure was significantly higher in obese than in normal weight children. We conclude that the significant prevalence of childhood overweight and increased blood pressure emerge in preschool aged children. Thus, we recommend investigations of prevention and intervention programs to be used in the preschool setting.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

[Analyses of the epidemiological status of overweight and obesity in Chinese students and the prevalence changes in recent 15 years].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological status of overweight and obesity in various student groups and the prevalence changes in recent 15 years, in order to take effective preventive measures against obesity. METHODS: Students aged 7 through 22 years participated in the 1985 and 2000 National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health were used as subjects. The newly established BMI screening criteria for overweight and obesity, to analyze the prevalence among various populations. RESULTS: In 2000, the prevalence rates of obesity were 4.37%,1.46%,2.32% and 0.92% and that of overweight were 10.38%,4.34%,5.94% and 3.67% for the urban boys, rural boys urban girls and rural girls, respectively, which were all significantly increased in multiple times as compared with those in 1985. However, significant differences could be found among various areas. The prevalence rates of obesity in several metropolitans have reached 9.63% for males and 4.50% for females, and those of overweight have reached 15.29% for males and 8.77% for females, respectively. Most of the other areas are still staying at the early prevalence stage. The prevalence of obesity in the Western China is generally low, and actually no prevalence of obesity is found in the rural female population. CONCLUSION: It's an urgent task to act on a series of comprehensive measures to prevent and cure the obesity of youth in China's developed areas from now on. However, corresponding effective measures of obesity prevention are also needed in other areas of this country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Qualitative evaluation of the students diet with normal body mass and overweight at the Medical University in Bialystok].

The aim of the study was the qualitative evaluation of the diets of students of the Medical University of Białystok with normal body mass compared with the menu of those with overweight and obesity. The study performed in the autumn-winter period of 2000/2003 involved 358 students (266 women and 92 men). Overweight was noted in 25 female students and in 35 male students. The mean age was 22.0 +/- 1.5 years. The way of nutrition was qualitatively assessed based on the frequency of consumption of chosen food products and point method according to Starzyńska (classifying the menu as good, sufficient, hardly sufficient, bad). Hardly sufficient diet was found to dominate in both students with normal and excessive body mass. Statistically significant differences were observed in the intake of chosen food products between female and male students. Women more often than men ate cottage cheese and whole-grain bread, while men consumed meat, meat products, potatoes and alcoholic drinks more frequently. Moreover, lower percentage of people with excessive body mass (both men and women) fullfiled the criteria of proper nutrition. Men with overweight had fewer meals, more seldom ate vegetables and fruit compared to those with normal body mass. The diet of women with overweight was characterized by a fewer number of meals a day and lower consumption of milk products, vegetables and fruit (especially fresh).

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Resistant starch supplementation influences blood lipid concentrations and glucose control in overweight subjects.

Resistant starch (RS) includes the sum of starch and degradation products of starch that resist small intestinal digestion and enter the colon. This study was planned to examine the effect of resistant starch on hypolipidemic actions, blood glucose, insulin levels and humoral immune responses in healthy overweight subjects. Healthy overweight subjects (over 120% of their ideal body weights) were fed either 24 g/d of resistant corn starch (RS) or regular corn starch (CS) for 21 d with their regular meals. Although this double-blind feeding regiment resulted in no significant changes in their weights or other physical parameters for the relatively acute period of intakes, there were significant lowering effects of serum total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and serum LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) in subjects supplemented RS. Compared with the control starch group, the RS supplementation also reduced the mean fasting serum glucose concentrations (p < 0.05). Resistant starch supplement resulted in the increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. Serum insulin and complement 3 (C3) were unaffected. Tested resistant starch supplementation was reported to be palatable with minimal bowel discomfort. These results suggest that RS supplementation improves the blood lipid profile and controls the blood glucose levels in healthy overweight subjects without bowel discomfort. Therefore, RS has a potential to be used as one of the promising food ingredients for reducing risk factors involved in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals. However, in order to prove RS as a novel therapeutic agent of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of overweight and obesity to high mortality rates from liver cirrhosis in Mexico.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Liver cirrhosis continues to be an important cause of death in Mexico. Some data suggest that being overweight is a risk factor for chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess the link between the incidences of being overweight or obese and mortality from liver cirrhosis in Mexico during the period 1990-2001. METHODS: We designed and conducted an ecological study of trends with multiple comparisons of regions of Mexico (North, Central, Mexico City, and South). We built the time trends according to the mortality rates of liver cirrhosis reported by the System of Vital Statistics (Health Ministry) in each state for each year from 1990 to 2001. The information on prevalences of overweight (body mass index (BMI) = 25-29.9) and obesity (BMI >/= 30) was from two national surveys (1993 and 2000). RESULTS: The analysis of mortality trends in liver cirrhosis by region showed an increase in the risk of death across time. This risk was considerably higher for the South Region (beta = 1.03, p <0.0001). The mortality rates remained higher than 30 per 100,000 inhabitants. When we selected the three states with the highest mortality rates for each region, the most significant changes in the trends were in the North and South regions (beta = 0.75, p <0.0001 and beta = 1.29, p <0.0001, respectively). In addition, the prevalence of overweight in the four regions increased from 1993 to 2000 (percentage change, 10.2-48.2). Obesity was most prevalent in the North and South regions in 1993. CONCLUSION: Our observations support the hypothesis that obesity might play an important role in the risk of developing liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Blood lipids profile in obese or overweight patients.

Elevated levels of total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are important risk factors for coronary heart disease. Another established predictor of cardiovascular disease is obesity. Obesity and overweight are widespread phenomena and they have reached epidemic proportions in the developed countries, including Poland. Only 30% of people in the Lublin region have normal weight (BMI<25). The aim of this study was to asses the relationship between BMI (body mass index) and blood lipids in the population of 83 people from Aleksandrow commune (64 women and 19 men aged 28-81) who spontaneously applied for medical examination performed as student research. Mean total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were higher in obese persons in comparison to normal weight subjects and HDL cholesterol concentration was lower in obese subjects as compared to normal and overweight individuals. Differences in mean concentrations of LDL cholesterol were not significant. A linear correlation between the degree of obesity and plasma level of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides was shown. In conclusion, obesity and overweight are accompanied by unfavourable blood lipids patterns and in a considerable proportion of overweight or obese patients other risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes or family history of cardiovascular diseases coexist.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes--United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002.

Obesity in persons with diabetes is associated with poorer control of blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol, placing persons with diabetes at higher risk for both cardiovascular and microvascular disease. Conversely, intentional weight loss is associated with reduced mortality among overweight persons with diabetes. CDC analyzed the prevalence of overweight and obesity among U.S. adults aged >/=20 years with previously diagnosed diabetes by using data from two surveys: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, and NHANES 1999-2002. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that most adults with diagnosed diabetes were overweight or obese. During 1999-2002, the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 85.2%, and the prevalence of obesity was 54.8%. Encouraging patients to achieve and maintain a healthy weight should be a priority for all diabetes-care programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among the affluent adolescent school children of Amritsar, Punjab.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent children (between 10-15 years of age) of the affluent families of Amritsar district of Punjab, a state in rapid economic and epidemiological transition. A total of 640 children (323 boys and 317girls) were measured for height and weight. Overweight and obesity were assessed using age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off points. 9.91% boys and 11.99% girls were overweight, and 4.95% boys and 6.31% girls were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the affluent children in Amritsar was as high or higher as in some industrialized countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Overweight and obesity and their determinants among men from Podlasie region in the years 1987-1998.

The goal of the study was to determine the frequencies of occurrence of obesity and overweight among men from Podlasie region of Poland, as well as nutritional and environmental factors related to these conditions. During 9-year period (1987-1998), dietary habit of each of 556 men was evaluated three times using 24-hour consumption questionnaire. At the same time body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. BMI increased significantly from 26.2 kg/m2 to 27.6 kg/m2 during discussed period, while percentage of overweight grew up from 62.7% to 73.2% and percentage of obesity rose from 14.5% to 22.5%. Executed multiple regression analysis revealed a variety of predictors of obesity and overweight. Among nutritional factors, the increase of energy and carbohydrates (especially saccharose) in diet were the reasons of increasing BMI. Considering psychological, sociological and economical features, multi-shift work provoked increase of BMI, while decrease of BMI was induced by smoking. Observed increase of spread of overweight and obesity among men, had its nutritional and environmental reasons.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2005

Weighty matters--an approach to childhood overweight in general practice.

BACKGROUND: In Australia, childhood obesity now rivals asthma as the most prevalent chronic child health condition. The past 2 decades have shown a rapidly rising prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity with no sign that this trajectory will plateau. Primary care is increasingly recognised as a forum in which to address this growing public health issue. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the epidemiology of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia and their associated physical and psychosocial morbidities. It discusses the current evidence base and resources for the definition, investigation and management of childhood obesity and outlines an approach in the primary care setting. It also reports a recently developed general practitioner delivered intervention to reduce overweight in primary school aged children--the Live, Eat and Play (LEAP) project. DISCUSSION: Clear clinical practice guidelines for the assessment and management of overweight and obesity in childhood in primary care now exist. The feasibility of these guidelines, and the availability of resources required to deliver them, is not yet clear. The LEAP project proposes an effective intervention delivered by general practitioners to address this vital and complex issue.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2006

[Bronchial asthma prevalence in children and youth with overweight].

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Relationships between bronchial asthma prevalence in children and youth and selected nutritional indices together with fatty tissue distribution were analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised randomly chosen group of 126 children and youth living in the city of Lodz, between the ages from 9 to 17 years (74 boys, 52 girls) including 25 subjects with mild and 34 with moderate asthma. In all participants basic anthropometric and percentage evaluation of the fat content (FAT%) by means of a bioimpedance method were performed. A level of 85 centiles of the body mass index (BMI) determined on the basis of centile charts was regarded as a criterion for overweight. Fatty tissue distribution was assessed basing on the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS: In girls with overweight or obesity (BMI > 85%) a statistically significant prevalence of asthma (71.4%; p < 0.01) with different intensity was observed, as compared to girls with a normal BMI (23.7%). Similar tendencies related to the WHR index and the total fat content (FAT%) were also notified. Asthma was found to occur more frequently in the group of girls with overweight or obesity as well as with abnormal (abdominal) distribution of fatty tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Results reveal significant relations between overweight and abnormal distribution of fatty tissue and asthma prevalence in girls. Such relationships did not appear in the group of boys. Obese children with bronchial asthma--mainly girls--more frequently require a careful approach towards the pharmacological control of asthma due to obesity-related complications e.g. hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effects of overweight on luminal diameter, flow velocity and intima-media thickness of carotid arteries.

PURPOSE: To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few previous studies on the effects of overweight on extracranial carotid arteries. We aimed to investigate the effects of overweight on flow velocities, luminal diameters and intima media thicknesses (IMTs) of the common and internal carotid arteries (CCA, ICA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study on color duplex sonography of the extracranial arteries was performed in 71 adults, ages between 25-58 years old. The body mass index (BMI) was found to be normal in 24 (group 1) and high in 47 (group 2) subjects of the study group. Flow velocity (FV), luminal diameter and IMT of carotid arteries of all the participants were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences between group 1 and group 2 in the following parameters; luminal diameters of the right CCAs were significantly larger in group 2, peak-systolic FV of ICAs were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 and ICA end-diastolic FVs were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. CONCLUSION: The present data shows that there is a correlation among carotid artery luminal diameter, FVs and overweight. In the overweight subjects, the increased luminal diameter and decreased FVs can point at the early stage of atherosclerosis. The influence of adiposity on atherosclerosis is very complex and varies with gender and age, therefore we need larger series and further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Overweight and obesity-induced oxidative stress in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether overweight and obesity might cause oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in overweight and obese children, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: Eighty-five overweight and obese children (OOC), and eighty-five age-matched healthy children (HC) were recruited in this case-control study. The present study analyzed spectrophotometrically vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), and 3-carotene (P-CAR) in plasma, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes. RESULTS: Compared with those of VC, VE, P-CAR, SOD, CAT and MDA in the HC group, the average values of VC, VE, 3-CAR, SOD, and CAT in the OOC group were significantly decreased (P<0.001), while the average value of MDA in the OOC group was significantly increased (P<0.001). The regression analysis demonstrated that VC, VE, P-CAR, SOD, and CAT were negatively correlated (P<0.05-0.01), and MDA was positively correlated with BMI (P<0.05). Fitting to the model of multiple stepwise regression of BMI on VC, VE, P-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA in 85 OOC was Y= 27.0041 + 0.2541MDA - 2.1448beta-CAR - 0.0090CAT, where F= 43.8088, P<0.001, r = 0.7866, r(2)= 0.6187, adjusted r(2)= 0.6046. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, P-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA used to reflect increased oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the OOC showed that the reliability coefficients (alpha, 6 items) = 0.7231, P<0.0001, and that the standardized item alpha = 0.9207, P<0.0001. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that there exists an increased oxidative stress in overweight and obese children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A longitudinal study of birth weight and being overweight in late adolescence.

A total of 33,413 infants born in Jerusalem between 1964 and 1971 were followed up at 17 years of age by matching computerized database files. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios for being overweight at 17 years of age for 500-g birth weight categories from less than 2500 g to 4500 g or greater. Information on the ethnic origin, paternal education, birth order, maternal age, and area of residence at birth was available, and these factors were used as possible confounders. The adjusted odds ratios for being overweight (greater than or equal to 90th percentile; body mass index greater than 24.6 kg/m2) and severely overweight (greater than or equal to 97th percentile; body mass index greater than 27.8 kg/m2) at 17 years of age was elevated for the three birth weight categories above the normal reference category of 3000 to 3499 g, with an estimate of 2.16 and 2.30 for male subjects with a birth weight greater than 4500 g and 2.95 and 4.39 for female subjects. The data suggest that higher birth weights correlate strongly with being overweight in late adolescence independently of other factors considered. However, the predictive power of this association is poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increase of circulating levels of insulin and C-peptide: common factors in essential hypertension and overweight].

The aim of our study was to investigate the hypothesis that insulin resistance is involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, and to explain whether hyperinsulinemia in this condition is the result of either pancreas overproduction or defective hepatic insulin clearance. In 14 lean normotensive, 17 overweight normotensive, 17 lean essential hypertensive, and 20 overweight essential hypertensive subjects, we measured, after overnight fasting, blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum C-peptide, and calculated the glucose/insulin and the insulin/C-peptide ratios, which can be commonly taken as indexes of peripheral sensitivity to insulin and hepatic insulin clearance, respectively. When compared to lean normotensives, overweight and/or hypertensive patients exhibited higher serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and a lower glucose/insulin ratio. No difference was found in the insulin/C-peptide ratio between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Diastolic blood pressure was directly correlated with serum insulin (p less than 0.01) and C-peptide (p less than 0.01), and inversely correlated with the glucose/insulin ratio (p less than 0.02). We conclude that insulin resistance is present in both essential hypertensive and overweight subjects. Considering the normality of the insulin/C-peptide ratio when taken as the hepatic insulin clearance index, we believe that hyperinsulinemia is caused by a beta-cell hypersecretory response to the defective peripheral action of the hormone.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Control of overweight children in primary care].

The results obtained in the program "Control of overweight in children" in the programmed nurse clinic were evaluated in 25 children distributed for age and degree of overweight. The activities carried out were: control of the number of calories based on carbohydrate and fat reduction, health education using the audiovisual techniques of the program EDALNU of the Ministry of Health, and theoretical program based on it. The group with a greater overweight (higher than 20%) followed, in addition, a 1,500 calories diet. It was concluded that a balanced diet and physical exercise proved to be highly effective for the reduction of overweight in children without additional drug intervention. Obesity in children is a health problem that can be addressed in a primary care context; the role of the nursing staff is crucial through health education activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Blunted glucose-induced thermogenesis in 'overweight' patients: a factor contributing to relapse of obesity.

Glucose-induced thermogenesis was studied in 12 overweight patients (9F and 3M) before (mean body weight +/- s.e.m. 83 +/- 2 kg) and after weight loss (68 +/- 2 kg), and in eight of the same patients following relapse of body weight gain (84 +/- 5 kg). Expressed as a percentage of the energy content of the 100 g oral glucose load, glucose-induced thermogenesis was lower in the overweight before weight loss (6.5 +/- 0.5 per cent, P less than 0.05), after weight loss (3.9 +/- 0.6 per cent, P less than 0.01) and after weight regain (6.3 +/- 0.9 per cent, P less than 0.05) than in a group of lean control subjects, matched for sex and age (8.3 +/- 0.5 per cent). Basal energy expenditure was lower after weight reduction than before (1.16 +/- 0.04 vs 1.41 +/- 0.08 kcal/min, P less than 0.01). In the formerly overweight patients, the combined effect of a decreased basal energy expenditure and an attenuation of glucose induced thermogenesis resulted in a postprandial energy expenditure which was markedly lower than in the overweight state (P less than 0.001). Following relapse of obesity, glucose-induced thermogenesis remained attenuated compared to control subjects. These results suggest that a lowered basal energy expenditure and a reduced glucose-induced thermogenesis contribute to the positive energy balance which results in relapse of body weight gain after cessation of a hypocaloric diet.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of smoking and being overweight on current earnings.

Medical researchers have demonstrated the potent influences of smoking and being overweight on the deterioration of health. Economists have documented the sizable impact of poor health on earnings. We looked for statistical associations between smoking and being overweight on the one hand and current earnings on the other using a national probability sample of American workers employed 20 or more hours a week. Using multiple regressions that included a variety of control variables, for both male and female workers no strong statistical associations could be found. These results should not be interpreted as suggesting that smoking and being overweight do not have profound influences on lifetime earnings through their effects on health. The results suggest only that among workers currently employed 20 hours or more a week, no residual short-run direct association exists between smoking or being overweight and current annual earnings.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗