Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Open Bite”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of plaque and gingivitis and associated factors in 3- to 5-year-old Brazilian children.

This cross-sectional study investigated the distribution of plaque and gingivitis and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, and orthodontic variables (spacing in anterior teeth, anterior open bite, and crossbite), and visible plaque level (low, medium, high) in Brazilian preschoolers. The sample comprised 490 3- to 5-year-old children from nursery schools in Canoas, a city in southern Brazil. One single, trained observer examined children's oral cavities and determined visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). Results showed that 99% of the children had visible plaque and 77% had gingivitis (GBI>0). A positive (r(s)=0.32) and significant correlation was found between VPI and GBI. VPI and GBI were significantly higher in posterior teeth and buccal and lingual surfaces. VPI was significantly higher in boys, children of low-income families, and without spacing in maxillary anterior teeth. Gingivitis was associated with absence of spacing in maxillary anterior teeth and plaque level. The most prevalent areas of plaque and gingivitis identified in this study should be taken in consideration during oral hygiene instructions, which should be given to children and mothers-particularly those with a low socioeconomic status--to motivate self-care and prevent gingivitis.

Brazil↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and distribution by gender of occlusal characteristics in a sample of Italian secondary school students: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and distribution, by gender, of occlusal traits in a sample of Italian students aged 11-14 years (mean 13 +/- 1 years). Using standardized and validated recording criteria, a single operator measured the overjet, overbite, open bite, anterior and posterior crossbites, crowding, coincidence of the upper and lower midlines, and diastema, in 810 secondary school students (53.6 per cent males). Chi-square, t-test statistics, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI) were used to investigate the relationship between gender and malocclusion characteristic. Logistic regression was used to further analyse the independent association between gender and each outcome measure. Ninety-three per cent of the subjects showed at least one occlusal trait, with one or two anomalies recorded in 63 per cent of children. The prevalence of occlusal traits ranged from 1.1 (negative overjet) to 54 per cent (upper and lower midlines not coincident). Males were more likely than females to show both an increased overbite and an increased overjet, although the latter result was not confirmed by logistic regression (P = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed a negative association between overbite and misalignment of the lower incisors and lack of coincidence of the upper and lower midlines, whereas subjects with an increased overbite were more likely to have an increased overjet (all P < 0.01). Further studies are required in order to further clarify these findings and to provide accurate estimates of the orthodontic treatment need in Italian adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Initial effects of the tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition: a Cine-Magnetic resonance imaging study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the initial effects of a tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition by using real time balanced turbo field echo (B-TFE) Cine-MR imaging. A total of 21 patients were evaluated in this study. The open-bite group (OBG) consisted of 11 patients (seven girls, four boys) who had a mean age of 11.09 +/- 2.02 years and a mean overbite of -5.14 +/- 1.83 mm. These patients were evaluated initially (T1) and while wearing a tongue crib (T2). A total of 10 patients (five girls, five boys) with a mean age of 14.5 +/- 2.6 years and with a mean overbite of 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm served as controls (CG), and only initial records were obtained from these patients. T2 was compared with T1 and CG. T1 was also compared with CG. We evaluated deglutition during three stages matching oral (1), pharyngeal (2), and esophageal (3) stages. Our results indicated that the tongue's tip positioned more posteriorly when the crib was in place (T2) compared with both T1 and CG; the anterior portion of the tongue's dorsum was at a lower position in T2 compared with both T1 and CG at stage 3; the midportion of the tongue's dorsum was at a lower position in T2 than in T1 and CG at stages 1 and 2. To compensate for the posterior position of the tongue's tip (caused by the tongue crib), adaptive changes occurred in the anterior and midportions of the dorsum of the tongue.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Nickel allergy associated with a transpalatal arch appliance.

AIM: The purpose of this article was to present a case in which nickel sensitivity of the oral mucosa was demonstrated during the use of a transpalatal arch appliance (TPA). CASE REPORT: An 11-year 8-month old post-menarchal female presented for orthodontic treatment with Class III buccal segments and bilateral open bite. The treatment plan consisted of placing a rapid palatal expansion appliance (RPE) and a TPA with soldered lateral tongue cribs, in order to eliminate her tongue thrusting habit. 8 months into treatment, the gingiva of the right posterior segment began to hypertrophy, particularly around the bands of the right first molar and premolar. A patch test of 5% nickel sulfate indicated a positive reaction to nickel. The treatment was finished without the use of nickel titanium wires and the mucosa reaction resolved. The patient had had her ear pierced at age 2 days old, which was 11 years before orthodontic treatment was initiated. The literature shows that this exposure may have been the sensitizing event. CONCLUSIONS: While the nickel sensitive patient may not present an extreme medical risk, the orthodontist must be aware of the problem and the likelihood of treating patients with this condition. It appears that the reaction may vary from patient to patient. The practitioner should possess a basic understanding of the occurrence rate, sex predilection, and signs and symptoms of allergy to nickel, and should be familiar with the best possible alternative modes of treatment, to provide the safest, most effective care possible in these cases. Practitioners should be aware that symptoms of nickel allergy may closely mimic those of typical gingival changes during orthodontic treatment of circumpubertal children.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and various occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition. Sucking behavior data were collected on 372 children followed longitudinally from birth by using periodic questionnaires completed by parents. Study models were obtained from the children at 4 to 5 years of age and assessed for posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and overjet. Dental arch parameters including arch widths, arch lengths, and arch depths were measured directly from the models. The subjects were grouped according to type of habit (pacifier or digit) and duration of nonnutritive sucking behaviors (less than 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, 36 to 48, and more than 48 months). Children with nonnutritive sucking of less than 12 months were further grouped according to the duration of breast-feeding. The dental arch and the occlusal characteristics were then compared among these groups. The results indicated no relationship between duration of breast-feeding during the first year of life and any dental arch or occlusal parameters. The study found that prolonged pacifier habits resulted in changes to the dental arches and the occlusal parameters that were different from the effects of digit sucking. In addition, some changes in the dental arch parameters and occlusal characteristics (eg, prevalence of posterior crossbite and increased amount of overjet) persisted well beyond the cessation of the pacifier or digit habit. Although further study is needed to determine the effects of nonnutritive sucking behavior in the mixed dentition, the results suggest that current recommendations for discontinuing these habits may not be optimal in preventing habit-related malocclusions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Nonsurgical and nonextraction treatment of a skeletal class III adult patient with severe prognathic mandible.

AIM: A patient with a skeletal Class III malocclusion, prognathic mandible, anterior open bite, large tongue, and temporomandibular disorders is presented. Treatment objectives included establishing a stable occlusion with normal respiration, eliminating temporomandibular disorder symptoms, and improving facial esthetics through nonextraction and nonsurgical treatment by creating a favorable perioral environment, restoring the harmony to the tongue and perioral environment, improving masticatory muscle function, and creating adequate tongue space for establishment of normal respiration. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The patient was a Japanese adult male, who had previously been advised to have orthognathic surgery, with tongue-size reduction. An expansion plate was used to expand the maxillary dentoalveolar arch. Distalization of the mandibular arch was achieved by reduced excessive posterior vertical dimension, through uprighting and intruding the mandibular posterior teeth and rotating the mandible slightly counter-clockwise. The height of the maxillary alveolar process and the vertical height of symphysis were increased slightly. The functional occlusal plane was reconstructed by uprighting and intruding the posterior teeth with a full-bracket appliance, combined with a maxillary expansion plate, with short Class III and vertical elastics in the anterior area. Myofunctional therapy involved sugarless chewing gum exercises. RESULTS: The excessive posterior vertical occlusal dimension was reduced slightly, creating a small clearance between the posterior maxilla and mandible. At the same time, the interferences in the posterior area were eliminated by the expansion of the maxillary dentoalveolar arch. As a result, the laterally displaced mandible moved to a more favorable jaw relationship, with distalization of the mandibular arch. The functional occlusal plane was reconstructed and an almost-normal overjet and overbite were created. Adequate tongue space for normal respiration was established during the early stage of treatment, by 7 months. A stable occlusion, with adequate posterior support and anterior guidance, was established and maintained at more than 4 years posttreatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Diastemas in primary dentition and their relationships to sex, age and dental occlusion.

AIM: The prevalence of interincisive and primate spaces in the primary dentition, relating them to age and sex, was studied. An analysis was made as to what extent various occlusal aspects of the arches affect the existence of spacing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population of 267 children, 153 males and 114 females, aged 2.2-8.2 years, was evaluated. All were white Caucasian, apparently healthy and lacking any congenital malformations; they had complete primary dentition and no erupted permanent teeth, without existing dental malformation and not having undergone any type of orthodontic treatment. Cast models were fabricated from impressions taken of all the children. Tooth sizes and interdental spaces were measured on these models and the various occlusal aspects were noted. RESULTS: The prevalence of spacing was high in the primary dentition, being independent of the chronological age of each child. Spacing was more frequent in males than in females. The presence or absence of spacing was not directly related to occlusion except in cases of posterior cross-bite, where it was less frequently, and open-bites, in which spaces appeared more often than usual. CONCLUSION: Spaces in the primary dentition were very common among the population studied and more frequent in male children than in females. Primate spaces were more frequent at the earliest ages, but chronological age had no influence on the presence of interincisive spacing. The lack of the spaces in the maxillary arches, typical of the primary dentition, prevailed among individuals with posterior cross-bite, contrary to what normally happens in the rest of the population.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

A survey of temporomandibular joint dislocation: aetiology, demographics, risk factors and management in 96 Nigerian cases.

A retrospective study of 96 cases of temporomandibular joint dislocation was undertaken. Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 85 years (mean+/-SD, 35.3+/-17.4 years) and peak incidence was at 20-29 years. Mean duration was 7.9 weeks (range, 1h to 3 years). Acute, chronic and recurrent dislocations were seen in 46 (47.9%), 29 (30.2%) and 21 (21.9%) patients, respectively. Males dominated in all three categories but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.8). Excessive mouth opening while yawning (44 cases) was the commonest cause of dislocation, followed by road traffic accidents (13 cases). Ten patients (10.4%) had an underlying systemic disease, the commonest being epilepsy (four cases); those with acute dislocation recorded the highest incidence of underlying illness. Bilateral anterior (86 cases) dislocations were the most frequent. Of the 96 patients, 89 (92.7%) were available for treatment. Manual reduction with or without anaesthesia proved effective for 38/45 acute, 5/24 chronic and 14/20 recurrent cases. Chronic dislocations were treated mainly by surgical osteotomy (13/24). Vertical subsigmoid and oblique ramus osteotomies were the commonest surgical techniques recorded. Treatment was satisfactory for all patients surgically handled except for one case of anterior open bite postoperatively. This study has shown that excessive mouth opening while yawning is the commonest cause of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Nigerians, and conservative approaches to management remain quite effective irrespective of the duration and clinical subtype. The best choice of surgical technique should be determined by proper clinical evaluation and the need to avoid or minimize postoperative morbidity.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Mandibular condyle lesions, jaw movements, and occlusal status in 15-year-old children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

The purpose was to determine the number and severity of lesions in the temporomandibular area and their association with occlusal status and mandibular movements in 15-yr-old children afflicted with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The series comprised 121 JRA children, 78 girls and 43 boys, and a control group of 104 schoolchildren, 70 girls and 34 boys, taken for clinical examination. Of the JRA children, 55% had roentgenologically detectable lesions in the TMJ area. Lesions were found in 60% of the girls and in 42% of the boys, the ratio thus being 3:2. The largest group had grave lesions (48%), the second largest displayed flattening of the condyle (43%) and the smallest a flattened condyle with a minor lesion (9%). There were more bilateral lesions in the children with the severest lesions. Tendencies for Class II malocclusion, small vertical overbite and open bite were visible in the JRA children. Reduced maximal opening capacity, maximal protrusion, lateral movements of the mandible and pain in the TMJ area proved to be reliable signs predicting temporomandibular joint involvement in JRA children. Maximal mouth opening capacity was significantly restricted in the patients showing condylar lesions as compared with patients having no lesions or with controls. JRA children should be divided according to sex and the severity of the lesions. The JRA children without TMJ lesions had normal values for mandibular movements and were thus comparable to healthy children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The bite plate--an adjunct in periodontic and orthodontic therapy.

This report reviews bite plate therapy and describes several variations of bite plates. Bite plates may be useful as an adjunct to periodontic and orthodontic therapy. They may be used as a diagnostic appliance, to take mobile teeth out of trauma by disarticulating them, to allow teeth to extrude and shallow out associated osseous deformities, and to eliminate the superimposed occlusal trauma that may be caused by the parafunctional habits that can develop during orthodontic tooth movement. The change in vertical position of the dentition and the decrease in overbite are primarily due to eruption of the posterior teeth and not intrusion of the lower anterior teeth. The decrease in overbite may be accompanied by an increase in overjet and an alteration of the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual occlusal landmarks. In some cases the use of a bite plate may cause the development of an anterior open bite. Any such occlussal alterations produced by the bite plate should be corrected by occlusal adjustment or orthodontic therapy and occlusal adjustment.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of maxillofacial involvement in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

PURPOSE: This study determined the incidence of maxillofacial involvement in patients diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients were evaluated by the pediatric physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedic surgery, and pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery departments. Any patient in whom the diagnosis of AMC was in doubt was excluded from the study. All patients with limited mandibular function underwent computed tomography (CT) examination of their temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The results of physical therapy were followed. RESULTS: Five of the 23 patients diagnosed with AMC were found to have maxillofacial involvement, eg, presence of cleft palate, Robin-like sequence, high-arched palate, open-bite deformity, facial muscle weakness, esophageal dysfunction, and limited mandibular opening. No TMJ abnormalities were found by CT scan. Physical therapy was used for treatment of the limited opening, but relapse occurred quicky after therapy was discontinued. CONCLUSION: The incidence of maxillofacial findings is similar to that of most other reports. Treatment involves surgical correction of abnormal anatomy when possible (ie, cleft repair), symptomatic management (ie, esophageal dysfunction), and physical therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Malocclusion, dental injuries and dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Belgian children.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion, dental injuries and dental anomalies in a sample of 3-5-year-old Belgian children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 3-5-year-olds attending kindergartens in the municipality of Leuven, Belgium. METHODS: A total of 750 boys and girls participated in the study. The children were examined at the University School Health Centre in connection with their obligatory medical check-up. The clinical examination was performed by one examiner using generally accepted criteria for these oral conditions. RESULTS: 10.1% of the examined children had posterior cross-bite whereas over-bite was seen in only 2.0% of the sample. Open-bite was detected in 32.0% of the studied population. Boys showed a tendency for a higher frequency of malocclusions than girls. Traumatic injuries were identified in 18.0% of children. These were almost entirely restricted to maxillary incisors. Crown fractures were responsible for 42% of all injuries. The following dental anomalies were seen: six cases of supernumerary teeth, three cases of hypodontia, five cases of double teeth and one case of conical maxillary lateral incisor. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the importance of early detection of these oral conditions in order to permit effective and long-term planning, according to the child's individual requirements.

Belgium↗
PubMed2000

An adult case of TMJ osteoarthrosis treated with splint therapy and the subsequent orthodontic occlusal reconstruction: adaptive change of the condyle during the treatment.

This article reports treatment for a 21-year 11-month old female patient with severe osteoarthrosis of the TMJ with a special reference to adaptive changes of the condyle during the treatment. She had severe open bite with a Class II molar relationship; she had limited mouth opening, TMJ sounds, pain, and tinnitus. Lateral tomograms showed flattening and deep erosion on the left condyle, and an MRI revealed anterior disk displacement without reduction. By manipulation and splint therapy, TMJ pain and tinnitus were eliminated, then orthodontic treatment was initiated, maintaining the splint-induced position of the condyles. After 2 years of orthodontic treatment with a multibracket appliance, an acceptable occlusion was achieved with a Class I molar relationship. On lateral tomograms after treatment, bony deformation of the left condyle disappeared and adaptive remodeling was recognized with a uniform joint space in the left TMJ. However, repositioning of the disk was not achieved. Adaptive changes or functional remodeling experienced in this patient may be due to stable occlusion, uniform joint space, and the consequent biomechanical equilibrium in the TMJ.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Occlusal morphology in 45,X females.

Seventy-two 45,X females (Turner syndrome) were examined for occlusal anomalies. Prevalence comparisons were made with first-degree female relatives and female population controls. The method of Björk et al [1964] was used for determination of malocclusion. The results clearly suggest an increased prevalence of occlusal anomalies in 45,X females. The most common malocclusions are cross bite, large maxillary overjet, distal molar occlusion, and a tendency to open bite. These anomalies reflect an imbalanced growth of the craniofacial skeleton in three dimensions. These findings suggest that genes on the human X chromosome are of importance in the harmonious growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton and ultimately normal occlusal morphology and relations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effect of bite-blocks with and without repelling magnets studied histomorphometrically in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The effect of bite-blocks with and without repelling magnets as proposed for the treatment of open bite was analyzed. Twelve male juvenile monkeys were divided into three groups of four. Group A was used as control, group B was given bite-blocks containing samarium cobalt disks, and group C received identical bite-blocks without active magnets. The monkeys were observed for 24 weeks before death. Histomorphometric evaluation was then performed on the molar roots, their periodontal tissues, the zygomaticotemporal suture, and the pterygomaxillary suture. The root surfaces of the molars in both the bite-block group and the magnetic group were characterized by pronounced resorption that sometimes was active and occasionally undergoing repair with bony tissue. The sutures also clearly reflected the effect of both appliances used, although more markedly in the cases of bite-blocks containing active magnets. The surface density expressing the sutural area, was increased significantly, possibly as an adaptation to the altered functional demand. The cellular activity of the sutural surfaces also was increased markedly in both appliance groups, reflecting an ongoing adaptation. A steady state had not been reached. The study demonstrated a widespread effect of the force developed by bite-blocks with and without magnets. The final quantity and the reversibility of the effect is not known, however. More long-term studies should be undertaken to obtain this information.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Occlusal anomalies in 45,X/46,XX- and 46,Xi(Xq)-women (Turner syndrome).

A total of 20 individuals with X-chromosome aberrations, 14 45,X/46,XX-women and six 46,Xi(Xq)-women, were examined for occlusal anomalies. The controls were first-degree woman relatives and population women. The results showed that the most common type of malocclusion in both study groups was lateral cross bite. Also distal molar occlusion, increased maxillary overjet and in 45,X/46,XX-women open bite was found. 45,X/46,XX-women's occlusion seems to be more affected than that of 46,Xi(Xq)-women. Compared to 45,X-women, the present study groups show milder expression of malocclusion. One might speculate that enamel genes of the X-chromosome are involved in occlusal development.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between morphologic malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders in orthodontic patients prior to treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of malocclusion in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in an orthodontic patient population prior to treatment. The subjects were 508 Chinese patients (214 males, 294 females), 6 to 56 years of age. The type of malocclusion was diagnosed using dental casts, and TMD signs were recorded by clinical examination. The overall prevalence of TMD signs in the whole group was 26.6%. The frequencies of TMD signs were 44.0% for edge-to-edge bite, 31.2% for posterior crossbite, 27.6% for deep bite, 26.5% for excessive overjet, 26.5% for crowding, 23.7% for anterior crossbite and 23.6% for open bite. Although patients with edge-to-edge bite or posterior crossbite had TMD signs more often than the others in the whole group, the differences did not reach statistical significance. We did not find a significant relationship between morphologic malocclusion and TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Associations among different orofacial dysfunctions in 9-11-year-olds.

This study is the second part of a longitudinal investigation on different orofacial dysfunctions in growing individuals. The aim of the present report was to determine, in 219 children with and without articulatory speech disorders, whether certain associations among misarticulations of speech, craniomandibular disorders (CMD), and problems in oral motor skills still were found at the age of 9-11 years, as they had been in these children at the age of 6-8 years. Multiple logistic regression models showed that certain aspects of dental malocclusion such as large overjet, anterior open bite and lateral cross-bite, and certain signs of CMD such as palpatory tenderness of the TMJ, jaw deviation on opening and bruxism were related to misarticulations of speech. Children with sounds produced too far posteriorly seemed to have a smaller maximal opening but larger laterotrusive and protrusive movement capacities of the mandible than children with correct speech articulation. Despite maturation of the oral motor skills with age, among 9-11-year-olds various orofacial dysfunctions still seemed to be associated with each other. This probably indicates fixation of certain speech misarticulations rather than immaturity of the fine motor control.

Articulation Disorders↗