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PubMedDate not supplied

[The participation of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 subtypes of the serotonin receptors in the formation of the frequency component in the EEG of non-narcotized rats].

Experiments were conducted on 6 non-narcotized and non-immobilized rats with chronically implanted electrodes in the somatosensory area of the brain cortex and a cannula in the lateral cerebral ventricle to detect the dose-dependent EEG spectra changes after intracerebral injection of quipasin, agonist of 5-HT1--5-HT2-subtype serotonin receptors. The changes were displayed in a significant increase of the rhythms in the subranges 1.5; 4-6; 20-30 Hz and weakening of rhythms in 7-16 Hz in comparison to the corresponding parameters in control experiments with physiological solution. Preliminary injection of cyproheptadine (antagonist of 5-HT1--5-HT2 receptors) weakened significantly the EEG-effects of quipasin. Buspirone and ritanserine (agonist and antagonist of 5-HT1 receptors) induced EEG changes similar to the effects of cyprohetadine and quipasin, respectively. The possible mechanisms of the participation of various subtypes of serotonin receptors in the observed EEG effects are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the nature of interactions between narcotic analgesics and barbiturates and biological membranes by the method of fluorescent probes].

By employing the method of fluorescent probes the interaction of the barbituric acid derivatives and phenanthrene with biological membranes was analyzed. An association of phenanthrene derivatives with the probe molecules was uncovered. As a result of hydrophobic interaction the barbituric acid derivatives dislodge the probes from the sites of their bonding with biological membranes. This effect correlates with the distribution coefficient of narcotics in the octanol-water system.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1976

Failure of acetylmethadol in treatment of narcotic addicts due to nonpharmacologic factors.

Acetylmethadol, a new narcotic substitute, has a longer duration of action than methadone. Seventeen subjects, former heroin users currently under methadone treatment, entered a study of the toxicity and efficacy of this drug. Only nine subjects completed the assessment phase of the study and began the acetylmethadol phase, and only one completed the 8-week study phase. Hence, no conclusions can be drawn about acetylmethadol's efficacy. The high attrition rate was unrelated to pharmacologic factors; the subjects were concerned that if this drug was effective there would be no methadone to take home and hence no opportunity to trade, sell or "play with" (that is, combine with other drugs) the latter. This study emphasizes the difficulty in determining the efficacy of specific drug treatments for opiate-dependent patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of hepatitis B and C markers among narcotic users].

611 patients with acute parenteral virus hepatitis (VH) were studied with a view to find out markers indicating the presence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection (HB, HC, HB + C, HC + HBsAg). Of these, 166 patients (27.2%) systematically used narcotic drugs intravenously. Essential differences between drug users and VH patients without drug addiction were established regarding the distribution of patients by age and sex, the etiological structure and severity of the disease. Thus, in the group of drug users the prevalence of males, young people (15-29 years of age) and the mixed form of hepatitis B + C was noted. In VH patients using drug the disease took a more severe course than in such patients without drug addiction. The highest proportion of intravenously drug users with a severe and moderate course of the disease was found among patients with HB + C and HB.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevention of HIV/AIDS among injection narcotics users in the city of Odessa].

Since August 1996 the realization of the first Ukrainian Project "HIV/AIDS Preventive Maintenance among Injecting Drug Users", based on the strategy of harm reduction, has been started in Odessa with a view to the effective counteraction to the spread of HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users (IDU). The project is being realized with the advisory and financial support of UNAIDS, UNICEF and USAID. The basic organization for the realization of the Project is the Public Movement "Faith, Hope, Love". The Project is aimed at decreasing the rate of the spread of HIV infection in cases of the non-medical use of narcotic drugs by the elaboration and adoption of measures conductive to changes in hazardous behavior. The realization of the project includes the following stages: the rapid evaluation of the situation with the injecting use of drugs in Odessa, the elaboration and adoption of preventive measures.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The HIV/AIDS epidemic and the trends in the behavior of people using injection narcotics (IDU)].

The degree of risk of the spread of HIV infection among drug addicts in Zhitomir has been prognosticated. As revealed in this study, narcotic drugs are mostly introduced by individual dispensable syringes or by individual reusable syringes. But such factors as the repeated use of needles (47%), obtaining drug solution from different persons (49%), the injection of drugs under unsanitary conditions (62%), with-drawing drug solution into the syringe by some other person (32%), unavailability of the means of disinfection (64%), absence of knowledge and practice in disinfection (91%), the presence HIV-infected persons among IDU (41%), a low level of sanitary and hygienic culture (41%), lack of sexual restraint (93%), concubinage with IDU (44%), unemployment (66%), etc. have been found to increase the possibility of getting HIV infection twofold. The results of this sociological study have demonstrated new trends in the study of the behavior of IDU, necessary for the creation of the module for preventive work both in Zhitomir and the Zhitomir region.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidental narcotic and buprenorphine poisoning in children notified at the Marseille Poison Center between 1993 and 1999].

To evaluate the frequency and severity of accidental poisoning in children by narcotics or buprenorphine, a retrospective study was carried out: 75 cases were collected by the Marseille Poison Centre between 1993 and 1999. Most of the patients were between 1 and 3 years old and the drugs involved were cannabis and, more recently, Subutex (buprenorphine). These two drugs were responsible for the most severe cases of poisoning, most of which occurred at home.

Buprenorphine↗
PubMed1975

Floctafenine, a new non-narcotic analgesic.

Floctafenine has been studied in comparison with acetyl-salicylic acid, indomethacin and d-propoxyphene in a series of tests for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It is very active in the acetic acid-induced writhing test and on the inflamed paw in the Randall and Selitto test. Furthermore, like acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin, but unlike d-propoxyphene, it has no effect on the non-inflamed paw, and similarly it is inactive in the tail flick and in the hot plate test. Floctafenine is also very effective in some acute inflammations such as naphtoylheparamine-induced oedema or in UV erythema, but it is distinctly less active in carrageenin-induced oedema or in adjuvant arthritis. In rat gastric and intestinal mucosa its tolerance is excellent. It has no action on the central and autonomous nervous systems. The pharmacological profile of this compound thus places it amongst the non-narcotic analgesics. It has an exceptionally high therapeutic index, much higher than that of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1975

Calculation of the percentage of a narcotic gas to permit abolition of the high pressure nervous syndrome.

A theoretical method is derived for computation of the interactin of pressure and a weak anesthetic such as nitrogen or other narcotic gases in a two-dimensional material so as to prevent signs and symptoms of the high pressure nervous syndrome. A ratio of one part nitogen to 9 parts helium (pressure) is derived, which is in excellent agreement with previous human experiments in men at 31 ATA, with PO2 = 0.5 ATA.

Diving↗
PubMed1975

Use of synthetic polypeptides in the preparation of biodegradable delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists.

Synthetic polypeptides consisting of copolymers of glutamic acid and leucine have been shown to be useful materials for the fabrication of practical, biodegradable delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists. Model delivery vehicles in film form were prepared from copolymers containing 10 mole percent to 40 mole percent glutamic acid, and loaded with 10% to 40% naltrexone by weight. The naltrexone was found to be released by diffusion, exhibiting diffusion coefficients that varied as a function of the glutamic acid content and the initial naltrexone loading. A wide range in diffusion coefficients were achieved (0.31 x 10(-7) cm2/hr to 120 x 10(-7) cm2/hr), leading to release rates within practical ranges of interest for meeting the program goals. We have demonstrated that the polypeptides can be fabricated into dosage forms that are amenable to administration by trochar. For example, rods 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm in diameter containing as much as 40% naltrexone by weight were extruded using a simple compression mold and die arrangement. An in vitro evaluation of the rods showed that antagonist is released by diffusion at a continuously decreasing rate, a behavior similar to that observed with the film devices that were, nonetheless, capable of blocking an AD80 challenge of morphine sulfate in mice for more than 30 days. One of the most promising delivery vehicles that we have developed to date consists of a polypeptide tube filled with a naltrexone/polypeptide core. Preliminary experiments have shown that these devices may be capable of administering high, constant rates of release for prolonged periods of time. Additional work, however, is required to develop techniques for the preparation of reproducible delivery vehicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

An appraisal of naloxone hydrochloride as a narcotic antagonist in the capture and release of wild herbivores.

Naloxone hydrochloride was used as the narcotic antagonist during capture operations conducted on 84 specimens of 11 game species in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. It was found that 10 mg of naloxone was sufficient to antagonize wide dosage ranges of etorphine hydrochloride or fentanyl, used in combination with a variety of tranquilizers. The absence of undesirable side effects and the fact that naloxone can be administered without fear of overdosage make it a unique and valuable drug in the capture and release of wild animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Development of injectable microcapsules for use in the treatment of narcotic addiction.

Injectible microcapsules containing narcotic antagonists have been prepared with dl-poly (lactic acid) as the coating material. The encapsulation technology has been developed to the point that high yields of less than 180 mu capsules can be prepared routinely. Such capsules with an initial payload of 50 wt. per cent naltrexone pamoate provide 60-90 per cent antagonism to the action of morphine 28 days after injection into mice as a peanut oil/aluminum monostearate suspension at a dose level of 40 miligrams naltrexone pamoate/kg. mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical and dynamic features of pathological craving for narcotics in patients with opioid (heroin) addiction].

Particular features have been studied of the clinical picture and time-related course of an abnormal urge to consume narcotics in patients with opiumism. The time-related characteristics of the pathological urge undergo qualitative changes with progression of the illness from the discrete character of actualization to a continuous maintenance of the addiction in the active state. Variants of the pathological urge to opiates dynamics, characteristic of different stages of opium addiction are highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical follow-up of patients who ingested narcotic filled bags as a rare cause of mechanical bowel obstruction: case report].

Two patients were admitted to the emergency service of Haseki Education and Research Hospital due to ingestion of narcotic filled bags. Incomplete mechanical bowel obstruction developed in one of them. Both patients were treated conservatively with cleansing enema and were discharged from the hospital without any complication. We present clinical follow-up of these patients with literature review.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Environment and narcotics trafficking in Brazil.

This study of the State of Rondônia in Brazil sheds light on how and why the cultivation of illicit narcotics crops and drug trafficking are affecting non-industrialized regions. It also highlights the negative impact of such activities on tropical ecosystems and human population.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1975

Development of Chronomers for narcotic antagonists.

The object of this program is to prepare a bioerodable naltrexone delivery system which can be implanted subcataneously in human and which can relieve the narcotic antagonist over 1-6 months at relatively constant and sufficient rates to block the euphoric effect of morphine based drugs. The system is composed of naltrexone uniformly dispersed in a solid hydropholic CHRONOMER matrix which undergoes predictable surface erosion when exposed to an aqueous medium. Kinetic studies in vitro have been carried out during the course of the program to determine the best composition for the system. Toxilogical studies conducted at ALZA during the past 2 years have not revealed limiting adverse effects of either the CHRONOMER materials or their hydrolysis products. The tail-flick test procedure was used to measure the effectiveness of naltrexone to antagonize the analgesis of morphine in rats. Naltrexone infused intravenously at doses of 4 and 16 ug/kg/hr resulted in, after 6 hours, 54 and 89 per cent antagonism, respectively, against a 63.5 per cent effective dose of morphine. Preliminary sterilization studies showed that no adverse effects to CHRONOMER/naltrexone systems occurred after exposure to 2.5 or 5.0 mrads of 60Co irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The potentiation of narcotic analgesics with phenothiazines.

Potentiation of narcotic analgesics with phenothiazines have been used for preoperative and postoperative analgesia for a number of years by the podiatric community. The agents most frequently cited in studies are the combination of meperidine with either the phenothiazines chlorpromazine, trimeprazine, or promethazine. Due to the fact that the double-blind clinical studies of pain are mainly subjective, and difficult to quantify, the usefulness of phenothiazines for the sole purpose of potentiation of analgesia is questionable, especially in view of the many side effects of this group of drugs.

Analgesics, Opioid↗