Two decades of computerized information technologies in dental radiography.
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Using the Diagrammatic Cell Language trade mark, Gene Network Sciences (GNS) has created a network model of interconnected signal transduction pathways and gene expression networks that control human cell proliferation and apoptosis. It includes receptor activation and mitogenic signaling, initiation of cell cycle, and passage of checkpoints and apoptosis. Time-course experiments measuring mRNA abundance and protein activity are conducted on Caco-2 and HCT 116 colon cell lines. These data were used to constrain unknown regulatory interactions and kinetic parameters via sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization methods contained in the DigitalCell computer simulation platform. FACS, RNA knockdown, cell growth, and apoptosis data are also used to constrain the model and to identify unknown pathways, and cross talk between known pathways will also be discussed. Using the cell simulation, GNS tested the efficacy of various drug targets and performed validation experiments to test computer simulation predictions. The simulation is a powerful tool that can in principle incorporate patient-specific data on the DNA, RNA, and protein levels for assessing efficacy of therapeutics in specific patient populations and can greatly impact success of a given therapeutic strategy.
Scholars are increasingly citing electronic "web references" which are not preserved in libraries or full text archives. WebCite is a new standard for citing web references. To "webcite" a document involves archiving the cited Web page through www.webcitation.org and citing the WebCite permalink instead of (or in addition to) the unstable live Web page. This journal has amended its "instructions for authors" accordingly, asking authors to archive cited Web pages before submitting a manuscript. Almost 200 other journals are already using the system. We discuss the rationale for WebCite, its technology, and how scholars, editors, and publishers can benefit from the service. Citing scholars initiate an archiving process of all cited Web references, ideally before they submit a manuscript. Authors of online documents and websites which are expected to be cited by others can ensure that their work is permanently available by creating an archived copy using WebCite and providing the citation information including the WebCite link on their Web document(s). Editors should ask their authors to cache all cited Web addresses (Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs) "prospectively" before submitting their manuscripts to their journal. Editors and publishers should also instruct their copyeditors to cache cited Web material if the author has not done so already. Finally, WebCite can process publisher submitted "citing articles" (submitted for example as eXtensible Markup Language [XML] documents) to automatically archive all cited Web pages shortly before or on publication. Finally, WebCite can act as a focussed crawler, caching retrospectively references of already published articles. Copyright issues are addressed by honouring respective Internet standards (robot exclusion files, no-cache and no-archive tags). Long-term preservation is ensured by agreements with libraries and digital preservation organizations. The resulting WebCite Index may also have applications for research assessment exercises, being able to measure the impact of Web services and published Web documents through access and Web citation metrics.
This article describes the actual user requirements of the health care sector in connection with telematics. The importance of standardization is stressed. The paper further gives an overview of the current standing of the activities of CEN TC 251 (European Standardization Committee, Technical Committee on Health Care Informatics).
This paper describes 'Hippocrates', an integrated platform for telemedicine applications. Hippocrates allows computer supported co-operative work based on patient data folders consisting of selected diagnostic images, annotation text, patient history and other information. All data transferred is encrypted to ensure confidentiality and integrity. It operates on a local level over TCP/IP LAN environment and on a remote level over public ISDN lines.
A health care information server utilizing Internet resource discovery technology is presented as a component of a statewide medical information network. The development of an information server, including the development process and its design and operation, is presented. Menu design and implementation, which involved providing access to information resources in support of the tasks that make up the health care delivery process, are described. The potential impact of this technology on the health care delivery process is explored, and ways in which access to information can be facilitated and matched with the information needs of the various health care delivery tasks are identified. Issues associated with the use of public domain information resources are discussed, including control over Internet resources, access to information resources, network operational delays, client connection and software availability, information quality, and menu navigation. This project has demonstrated that Internet information resources exist that match the information needs of the tasks that make up the health care delivery process. Positive response has been received from physicians after initial utilization of the server in a stand-alone context. In the future, more applications will integrate the vast information resources on the Internet with traditional computing systems.
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The case studies will represent a wide variety of scenarios encountered in the field of healthcare information system technology implementation. We hope that the series will be of value to readers of Computers in Nursing. We encourage feedback so that subsequent cases within the series can be tailored to meet the needs of readers.
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