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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Gene therapy on renal-cell carcinoma: magic bullet or tragic insanity?

Correction of the aberrant genetic code as a means of rational therapy has been a challenge since the first discoveries of an abnormal genetic link to expression of certain disorders. Our growing understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has also led us into a new era in cancer therapy. The possibility of gene therapy represents one of the biggest potential returns on the investment in molecular biology research over the past several years. As a massive gene therapy attack mounts against many forms of malignancy employing various techniques, strategies, and concepts, there appears to be reason to be optimistic, with expectations thus far decidedly outweighing results. Scientists and clinicians have joined together to target directly the molecular basis of tumorigenesis through the restoration of tumor-suppressor gene function or inhibition of oncogene expression. In addition, scientists mapping the human genome have supplied us with a number of genes that can be used to destroy cancer cells selectively [e.g., the herpes simplex-thymidine kinase (HS-tk) gene], induce a potent antitumor immune response (e.g., interleukin 2), and afford protection to normal tissues from the toxic effects of standard chemotherapy [e.g., multidrug resistance gene type 1 (mdr 1)]. These new anticancer tools provide new opportunities for more specific tumor cell destruction in vivo without the common regional and systemic side effects related to conventional forms of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Hence, over the next 5-10 years, gene therapy is likely to become a realistic treatment option for certain cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1989

The magic of fairy tales: psychodynamic and developmental perspectives.

The telling of fairy tales is one way to elicit a child's inner thoughts and feelings, expose conflicts and frustrations, reduce anxiety, and gain mastery over developmental tasks. This paper will review the meaning, usefulness, and importance of fairy tales by discussing three selections from the psychodynamic and developmental perspectives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Interference in short-term memory: the magical number two (or three) in sentence processing.

Many theories have been proposed to explain difficulty with center embedded constructions, most attributing the problem to some kind of limited-capacity short-term memory. However, these theories have developed for the most part independently of more traditional memory research, which has focused on uncovering general principles such as chunking and interference. This article attempts to gain some unification with this research by suggesting that an interesting range of core sentence processing phenomena can be explained as interference effects in a sharply limited syntactic working memory. These include difficult and acceptable embeddings, as well as certain limitations on ambiguity resolution, length effects in garden path structures, and the requirement for locality in syntactic structure. The theory takes the form of an architecture for parsing that can index no more than two constituents under the same syntactic relation. A limitation of two or three items shows up in a variety of other verbal short-term memory tasks as well.

Cognition↗
PubMed2006

Regulatory T cells: magic bullets for immunotherapy?

In the past few years it has been become increasingly clear that T cells capable of actively suppressing immune responses are thought to be in part responsible for the maintenance of peripheral self tolerance. In healthy rodents and humans, CD4(+) T cells constitutively expressing the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25) are able to exert such suppressive function in vitro and in vivo. Despite great efforts in our understanding of the biology of such immunoregulatory T cells, there are still certain points incompletely understood. Although some authors suggest that immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-10 or transforming growth factor-beta are critical for the suppressive effect of these cells, this is controversial and the exact molecular nature and the targets of suppression are largely unknown. Thus far, until regulatory T cells can be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes many questions have to be answered. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the function and properties of this T cell subset and discuss their potential role in human autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[A rapid review of the minimum quality problems using total knee arthroplasty as an example. Where do the magical threshold values come from?].

We set out to clarify whether in hospitals with a large volume morbidity and mortality rates after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be improved, whether the effects are consistent, and whether minimum recommendable caseloads can be inferred. We conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL and performed a hand search without restrictions on language or publication types. We identified 1406 citations, of which 13 studies including 1,110,962 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these, six studies explored the same administrative data source. Five studies enrolling 448,897 were eligible for quantitative analysis. All studies corresponded to evidence level 2b (prospective or retrospective cohort study with >80% follow-up). We found homogeneous results about hospital mortality. Between 2551 and 821 TKA must be performed by high-volume rather than by low-volume providers to prevent 1 extra death. Absolute event rates are notably small.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗