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PubMed1988

Order on programmes of assistance favouring emigrants, 15 January 1988.

This Order sets forth programs of assistance containing the following categories of aid: 1) aid for elderly emigrants who are Spanish or in the process of recovering Spanish citizenship and are ill and incapable of working; 2) aid to cover the extraordinary costs related to emigration or the return of Spanish emigrant workers and their families who are in a state of need; 3) aid to facilitate the integration into the workplace of returned Spanish emigrants who are unemployed; 4) aid for emigrant centers, associations, and federations helping Spanish emigrants; 5) aid to organizations to improve the assistance and hospital and cultural activities that they provide to Spanish emigrants; 6) aid to organizations that promote professional and occupational orientation and training to facilitate the professional promotion and insertion in the workplace of Spanish emigrant workers; 7) aid to Spanish emigrants and their families resident abroad who have special abilities and wish to pursue higher education and lack the means to do so in Spain; 8) aid to young Spanish emigrants resident abroad to promote their participation in cultural, sociocultural, artistic, and youth activities; 9) aid to promote the social integration of foreign workers in Spain; and 10) aid to programs involving the exchange of young workers within the European Economic Community. Further provisions of the Order deal with beneficiaries of aid, documentation required, and applications, among other things. This Order repeals provisions of an Order of 30 January 1987 (Boletin Oficial del Estado, No. 42, 18 February 1987, pp. 4952-4964) on the same topic in so far as those provisions are in conflict with the provisions of this Order.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Ministerial Ordinance No. 650/231/88 concerning the regulation of the employment of foreigners in Burundi, 29 July 1988.

This Ordinance sets forth rules on the employment of foreigners in Burundi. It requires foreigners working in Burundi to have a work permit, applied for by the foreigner, if the foreigner is a resident of Burundi, and by the foreigner's employer, if the foreigner is not a resident. The permit is valid for one year and may be renewed. Foreigners who have been recognized as refugees or who have resided in Burundi for 15 years may obtain permits valid for five years, and the spouses of Burundi citizens and persons living in Burundi descended from a foreign father married to a Burundi citizen may obtain permanent permits. In addition, an employer desirous of hiring a foreigner must first receive authorization from the relevant Ministry. Such authorization is also valid for one year and renewable. Foreigners may not work in positions higher than those for which they were authorized unless they have acquired higher qualifications than they had when given a work permit and unless no Burundi citizen with the same ability for advancement exists. Foreign investors or their representatives need not receive authorization to work.

Africa↗
PubMed1988

Decree No. 43 of 1988 on Conditions for granting work permits for foreigners, 8 March 1988.

This Decree provides that foreigners are not to be permitted to work in Egypt until they have obtained a work permit from the Office of Manpower and Training. In deciding whether to grant a work permit, the Office is to consider the following principles: 1) a foreigner should not be competing with Egyptian citizens who are equally or better qualified; 2) a foreigner must comply with regulations relating to skills and experience established by Egyptian law; and 3) a foreigner born and permanently resident in Egypt is to be given priority over other foreigners. The Office is also to consider the need of the Egyptian economy and of the specific place of work for the foreigner's work. The total number of foreigners employed is not to exceed 10% of the work force of any establishment, although exceptions can be made to this rule in the interests of the Egyptian economy. Exceptions to the provisions of this Decree can also be made for foreigners married to Egyptian citizens. In addition, persons of indeterminate nationality residing in Egypt at least 15 years and political refugees certified as such are to be given priority in employment. Under the Decree, employers are to keep a register of foreigners employed. Further provisions of the Decree relate to fees charged for work permits and the circumstances under which work permits can be withdrawn or forfeited.

Africa↗
PubMed1988

Grand Ducal Regulation authorizing the creation and use of a data bank on persons requesting work permits and their employers, 13 January 1987.

This Order authorizes the creation of a data bank with information about persons requesting work permits and their employers for the use of the Luxembourg Ministry of Labour and Employment Administration. The Order was issued in light of the Law of 28 March 1972, as amended, relative to the entry and residence of foreigners, the medical control of foreigners, and the employment of foreign labor.

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Executive Decree No. 13, 27 May 1988.

Among other things, this Decree provides that all employers are to have a work force 95% of which consists of workers of Panamanian origin or the foreign spouses of Panamanian citizens with 10 years' residence in Panama. The Decree also provides that foreign workers may not make up more than 12% of employees employed in specialized or technical jobs.

Americas↗
PubMed1988

Resolution on procedures for applying for work permits to undertake professional training, 10 October 1988.

This Resolution contains procedures for applying for professional training work permits. It provides that those foreigners who wish to come to Spain for a limited period of time in order to become fully qualified in Spanish commercial and professional customs while occupying a training work position are eligible to apply for this permit. The permit is not valid for more than 12 months, although in exceptional cases the permit will be extended for an additional six months. After the period of training has ended, the workers may not remain in Spain in order to exercise another activity. Further provisions of the Resolution deal with when and where applications are to be presented, the form of applications and documentation accompanying applications, and notification of decisions on applications, among other things.

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Decree No. 88-53 relating to the recruitment of foreign workers by industrial enterprises producing only goods for export, 9 January 1988.

This Decree provides that enterprises producing only goods for export may hire only four foreign workers for training and supervisory positions. Information about foreigners so hired must be presented to the Minister of Social Affairs within a month of hiring. Enterprises wanting to hire more than four foreigners in training and supervisory positions must, before hiring, obtain the Minister's approval of a program of hiring and "Tunisification." The program must include, among other things, a description of the positions and the date at which foreigners in such positions are to be replaced by Tunisians. The Minister is to approve or reject the program within a month of its submission. Existing enterprises are required to conform to the provisions of this Decree within three months of its date of publication.

Africa↗
PubMed1996

[Flexibility and regularization. Aspects and problems of the seasonal employment of immigrants in Italy].

"The study focuses on a number of theories put forward...on immigrants' labour patterns in Italy. Particular attention is given to different aspects of seasonal labour, including mobility and flexibility, especially in the agricultural sector in the South.... The study suggests that a precise and immediate regularization of seasonal labour is urgently needed...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Demography↗
PubMed1997

"No TEBA...forget TEBA": the plight of Malawian ex-migrant workers to South Africa, 1988-1994.

"This article is about the process of socioeconomic transformation in rural Malawi. It examines the survival strategies and enterprising spirit of Malawian migrant workers and their households. It argues that the strategies of these people often went beyond survival in the provision of basic necessities.... In March 1988, the South African Chamber of Mines stopped a century-old tradition of recruiting migrant workers from Malawi. This has arrested and put to a halt a process of accumulation taking place in the households of the returned migrant workers in the rural economy. Thus, the effects of the retrenchment of the workers will spread from the migrant and his family through the economic and social wellspring of all sectors of rural communities and their commercial lives."

Africa↗