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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The Kreutzer Sonata or homicidal jealousy according to Tolstoy].

In the first movement (the presto) of Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata there are two strongly opposing themes (positive masculine and negative feminine). Inspired by this confrontation, in his novel "The Kreutzer Sonata", Tolstoï describes the marital conflict that drives the jealous husband, Pozdnychev, to kill his wife whom he believes to be unfaithful. The murderer thinks that his wife, a pianist, is betraying him with a violinist when he discovers them in his home at night. The present paper is a criminological study of this murder brought about by passion. In this novel Tolstoï paints a very realistic picture of the criminal workings of Pozdnychev's mind, the tragic tale of this jealousy is perfectly consistent with the judicial understanding of crimes of passion.

Criminal Psychology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spirit and madness. The Maison Blanche at Montmartre].

Dr Prost's psychiatric clinic was managed by the doctors Blanche senior and junior (Esprit and Emile), then by doctors Meuriot senior and junior during more than one century from Napoleon's First Empire until the end of the first world war (1914-1918). This clinic acquired a sound reputation and celebrity thanks to the use of new psychiatric methods and a practice open to all artists and literary elite at that time, with whom the successive owners kept friendly relationships.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1993

[The Paracelsus dramas of Martha Sills-Fuchs in the circumstances of Julius Streicher's Society of German Public Health].

Between 1936 and 1939 the Hungaro-Austrian author Martha Sills-Fuchs (1896-?) wrote three plays, in which Theophrast von Hohenheim, called Paracelsus is the main figure. Written for the ideological purposes of the 'Verein Deutsche Volksheilkunde', founded in 1935 by the radical German Nazi-leader Julius Streicher, Paracelsus was--totally neglecting the historical facts--shown as a precursor of Nazism. It could be demonstrated by detailed analysis, that Martha Sills-Fuchs sketched Paracelsus as a racist, a fighter against the jews, a follower of a mystical 'blood and soil'-ideology and as a medical doctor, who had great respect of 'mother nature' (as the Nazis claimed they had).

Austria↗
PubMed1993

[Physician satire and patient scorn in Hans Sachs' old Nürnberg and the physicians].

Among the best poems of Hans Sachs quite a few describe patient-physician relationships in 16th century Nuremberg. These poems offer a vivid impression of the technical aspects as well as of the social context of medical treatment at the time. Hans Sachs ridiculed the doctors and their patients, implying that everybody attempted to cheat the other side, and he provides evidence of a great influence of charlatans on the country population. The poems of Hans Sachs are extraordinary pieces or art; their aesthetics, though, appear unusual to us today. Medical satire is part of all European cultures, and has been written throughout medical history. Most motives of later satires focussing on physicians may be traced to Hans Sachs' poetry.

Germany↗
PubMed1993

[Presentation of the "physical handicap" topic in six selected children's books--a critical analysis].

Since the late 60s, reality-oriented books for children and young people have increasingly turned to subject-matters and issues involving social/societal criticism, among them the theme of "being disabled". In the discussion on the degree to which media, and books in particular, do affect children's attitudes and socialization, it has been underlined that media take effect in the development of specific attitudinal patterns and behavioural dispositions in those cases where the recipient has not already formed a "completed" opinion of the topic at hand. This in particular is true in children of primary school age, and above all relates to their view of the disabled person. Six selected children's books were reviewed critically, based on a catalogue of criteria permitting coverage of as wide as spectrum as possible of "physical disability" and allied subjects. Summarizing, it is noted that the books reviewed do give children the opportunity, and partly in an excellent manner, of gaining insights into the situation of disabled persons. The potential for didactical treatment in primary classrooms is pointed out.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

[Doctor Pascal Rougon. An imaginary predecessor].

Through the Rougon-Macquart series and the cases described in the last volume (Le Docteur Pascal, 1893), clinical analysis of the 58 characters identifies only seven neurotics and six alcoholics (only three of whom were Rougon-Macquart by birth). All the other illness described are unrelated to hysteria in the family. It remains true, however, that Zola's interpretation of hereditary degeneracy follows that of contemporary medical teaching, as witnessed by the genealogics published by Charcot in 1893. Through the voice of Dr. Pascal, however, Zola does challenge the concepts of heredity advanced by his medical advisors: he envisages the concepts of dominance and recessiveness without devising any general scheme for the transmission of hereditary characteristics, but eight years before Vries he advanced the idea of mutations, which he interprets as accidents occurring at the beginning of the ovum's development. When faced by the lack of success of his opotherapy of degenerative diseases, Pascal initiates trials versus a placebo and puts forward a highly coherent theory of what we would now call the placebo effect. It appears, therefore, that contrary to the opinion of most commentators, Emile Zola was in fact capable of a remarkable subtleness when he ventured into medicine. Through Dr Pascal Rougon, and notwithstanding the mockery of Flaubert, Goncourt and France (and of many others), he was a brilliant trail-blazer in the fields of genetics and therapeutics. Six years later he was to strike again with Dr Boutan, who invented what we now know as the prophylactic care of mothers and children (Fécondité, 1898).

Famous Persons↗