[Effect of selected methods of mixing amalgam fillings and their removal on the concentration of mercury vapors in the air].
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The aim of this report is to provide basic information about the historical development, current status and future needs of education and training of dental hygienists in Japan. The first formal training of dental hygienists in Japan started at Tokyo in 1949. Restructure and modification of the dental hygiene education system has been reiterated over the years in order to satisfy the needs of the constantly changing society. Although previously only vocational training was provided for dental hygienists, higher-level education has been conducted. The present legislation of dental hygiene has gone through a complicated process. The student should take the dental hygienist licensing examination which is held once a year by the National Board organized by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Currently there are 136 dental hygiene schools and the total enrolment is about 7000. The duration of dental hygiene education course has been prolonged from 2 to 3 years since 2001. In 2004, the 4-year course started. The 2-year dental hygiene education program is expected to be replaced with the 3- and 4-year courses by 2010. The dental hygiene education system in Japan will be improved in many ways as dental hygienists are expected to participate in health promotion and preventive care, and to gain knowledge of the economics and organization of health care in relation to oral hygiene.
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In 1983, the New Mexico Board of Dentistry ruled that the New Mexico Health and Environment Department's sealant program violated its rules and regulations concerning the supervision of dental hygienists. The state was forced to reduce the number of children served by the program to comply with the decision. Attempts to secure a revision of the rules and regulations to accommodate the needs of public programs were unsuccessful. Relief eventually came through the revision of the Dental Practice Act itself to permit general supervision of all dental hygienists. The supervision controversy was an explosive political issue between dentists and dental hygienists that had negative repercussions for the state dental public health preventive program.
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