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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Observations on immunochemical assays of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Commercial immunochemical tests, "UCG" and "Prepuerin", detected standardized human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in concentrations comparable to the rat ovarian hyperemia test. These in vitro systems also cross-reacted with pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) but not with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of animal origin. The latex agglutination slide tests required a higher concentration of HCG for a positive test than did the bioassay. In cases of abnormal pregnancies the immunochemical assays remained positive longer than the bioassay, which is apparently due to their detection of biologically inactive HCG. Several non-pregnant patients with ovarian cysts and cystic teratomas excreted in their urine some substances which reacted with the UCG test. After surgical removal of the tumour these substances disappeared from the urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Searching for antibodies specific for human cytomegalovirus: is it diagnostically useful? When and how.

Diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be obtained by direct demonstration of the virus or virus components in pathological materials or indirectly through serology. Serological diagnosis gives only indirect evidence of the presence of the virus, and is problematic because of the immunological disorders occurring in most patients at risk of developing a CMV infection. Furthermore, antigenic reagents used in commercially available kits are not standardized and discordant results are often obtained. However, serology is cheaper than the other diagnostic tests, requires a short execution time, is safe and can be completely automated. Therefore, it is worthwhile exploring the possible application fields in which the use of serology is justified nowadays. This is what this review will attempt to do.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Reactivity of serologic tests for the detection of antibody specific to cytomegalovirus. II. Latex agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Two hundred seven sera were assayed for antibody-specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) by two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs; Bioenzabody, Litton Bionetics, and Abbott CMV Total Antibody EIA, Abbott Laboratories) and latex agglutination (LA; CMVScan, Hynson, Westcott and Dunning). The overall accuracy of the LA, Litton EIA, and Abbott EIA was 95.8%, 86.2%, and 88.6%, respectively. Although the Abbott EIA had a sensitivity of 98.8%, the specificity was only 35.5%. The positive predictive values of the LA, Litton EIA, and Abbott EIA were 99.4%, 95.9%, and 88.9%, respectively, while the negative predictive values of each of these tests were 81.1%, 56.2%, and 84.6%, respectively.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Present and future trends in the laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitis.

The development of sensitive, specific, serological techniques for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has resulted in the clarification of diverse aspects of the epidemiology of hepatitis type B. It is also provided a means whereby blood donors, potentially infected with the heaptitis B virus, may be screened out of the blood donating population, thus reducing the risk of transmitting hepatitis type B through the administration of blood and blood products. Immunoelectro-osmophoresis (IEOP) has been the most widely used technique for the large-scale testing of samples for HBsAg, such as required in blood transfusion centres. However, it has become increasingly evident that a considerable number of infectious units of blood are not detected by this method. Consequently, more sensitive techniques have been developed. Among these, the most promising are the reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures. The most sensitive methods for the detection of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) are passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay. The application of these newly developed, highly sensitive procedures for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs to seroepidemiological studies has resulted in a considerable extension of our knowledge of the natural history of hepatitis type B, and further reduction in the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH). However, preliminary data suggest that even the most sensitive test for HBsAg will not detect all units of blood capable of transmitting PTH. The residual, potentially infectious units may possible be identified by applying tests for the detection of antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen, or by developing techniques for the identification of other agenst, including hepatitis type A, which may be implicated in the transmission of hepatitis through blood transfusion.

Animals↗