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PubMed1994

[Malignant lymphoma of the small intestine as a cause of small intestine perforation].

The malignant non-Hodgkin-lymphoma is the main cause of spontaneous extraduodenal small intestine perforation. This rare incidence occurs as a consequence of an enteropathic associated affection manifested extranodally, mostly in the higher part of the jejunum. The diagnosis is made after a spontaneous perforation. The risk of a recurrent perforation is high. In a female patient we made the diagnosis not before resecting the small intestine.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Postoperative intestinal motility following conventional and laparoscopic intestinal surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of conventional vs laparoscopic right-sided colectomy on postoperative motility of the stomach, small bowel, and large bowel, and to study the effects on postoperative intestinal motility of anesthesia only and of laparotomy vs laparoscopy only. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study in a canine model. SETTING: Animal research laboratory. ANIMALS: Twelve mongrel dogs weighting 23.4 to 29.6 kg. INTERVENTIONS: (1) Laparotomy or laparoscopy and (2) 1 week after complete recovery from the first procedure, right-sided colectomy with ileocolic anastomosis using conventional or laparoscopic techniques. End points of the study were (1) the postoperative time until the electrical response activity of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine returned to a normal interdigestive pattern and (2) the time until first postoperative bowel movement occurred. RESULTS: Median time until return to normal interdigestive pattern of myoelectrical activity after laparoscopic colectomy was about 40% less than after conventional colectomy (P < .05). Time until first bowel movement was 27% reduced (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Recovery from postoperative ileus following laparoscopic surgery is more rapid than after conventional surgery in the canine model. Confirmatory human studies should be performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Property of receptor for vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA from rat intestine.

Property of receptor for vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC), a peptide related to the endothelin family, expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injecting mRNA obtained from the intestine of rat, were studied using the voltage-clamp method. Inward-current responses to VIC (1 nM-100 nM) were evoked in a concentration-dependent manner in mRNA-injected oocytes. Non-injected and water-injected oocytes failed to respond to VIC. The reversal potential for the VIC response was around -20 mV and the depolarizing shift was approximately 18 mV, when the external concentration of Cl-was halved, in agreement with the Nernst equation. The response to VIC was suppressed either by the external application to BAPTA/AM (10 microM) or by pertussis toxin 0.5 microgram/ml). These results indicate that the receptor for VIC, functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat intestinal mRNA, is coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein and its activation leads to mobilization of intracellular Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Intestinal motility in an in vivo rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion with special reference to the effects of nitric oxide on the motility changes.

BACKGROUND: To clarify the relation between intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and dysmotility, the authors investigated changes in the motility pattern in the duodenum and jejunum in an in vivo rat model of IR when artery- (and vein-) fed jejunum was clamped transiently. The authors also studied the effect of nitric oxide on the motility changes in this model by means of the administration of L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A force transducer was sutured onto the serosal side of the duodenum or jejunum. After a 3-to 4-day recovery period, contractions were recorded during periods of preischemia, ischemia (60 minutes), and reperfusion (90 minutes). An intestinal IR was produced by clamping and releasing the mesenteric artery and vein with artery forceps. RESULTS: In the jejunum, there was a prolongation in the duration of contraction and there were decreases in the number of contractions (NC) during the IR. When treated with L-NAME, no decrease in the NC was observed during the 45 to 90 minutes after reperfusion. S-methylisothiourea sulfate did not affect the IR-induced motility changes significantly. In the duodenum, there was a prolongation in the duration of contraction and a decrease in the NC and AC only during the reperfusion. L-NAME or S-methylisothiourea sulfate inhibited the decreases in the NC during the reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal IR causes motility changes in the ischemic site during the IR and in the nonischemic site during the reperfusion. The IR-induced motility changes partly depend on nitric oxide production.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Differentiation-dependent activation of the human intestinal alkaline phosphatase promoter by HNF-4 in intestinal cells.

The intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPI) encodes a digestive brush-border enzyme, which is highly upregulated during small intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. To identify new putative promoter motifs responsible for the regulation of ALPI expression during differentiation of the enterocytes, we have conducted a computer-assisted cis-element search of the proximal human ALPI promoter sequence. A putative recognition site for the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4 was predicted at the positions from -94 to -82 in relation to the translational start site. The ability of HNF-4alpha to stimulate the expression from the ALPI promoter was investigated in the nonintestinal Hela cell line. Cotransfection with an HNF-4alpha expression vector demonstrated a direct activation of the ALPI promoter through this -94 to -82 element. EMSA showed that HNF-4alpha from nuclear extracts of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) bound with high affinity to the predicted HNF-4 binding site. A 521 bp promoter fragment containing the HNF-4 binding site demonstrated a differentiation-dependent increase in promoter activity in Caco-2 cells. The presence of the HNF-4 binding site was necessary for this increase to occur.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

Effect of fishmeal replacement with spray-dried animal plasma and colistin on intestinal structure, intestinal microbiology, and performance of weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K99.

We evaluated spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) as an alternative to antimicrobial medication with colistin sulfate in weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K99. Forty-eight piglets weaned at 24 d of age were distributed into 12 pens, and each pen was assigned to one of four dietary treatments. All the piglets were given an oral dose of 5 x 10(7) cfu of E. coli K99 at weaning. The dietary treatments followed a factorial arrangement with two levels of SDAP (0 and 7%) and two levels of colistin (0 and 300 mg/kg of diet). The ADG and ADFI were measured on d 7 and 14 of trial. Three piglets from each treatment were killed on d 7 and 14 to remove the small intestine, and to obtain ileal and cecal digestive contents. The inclusion of SDAP improved ADG by 68 g (P < 0.05) and ADFI by 41 g (P < 0.10) in wk 1 of trial. During wk 2, SDAP improved ADG by 41 g (P < 0.10) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) by 25% (P < 0.01). On the other hand, whereas colistin had no effect on performance in wk 1, it improved ADG by 102 g (P < 0.01), ADFI by 62 g (P < 0.01), and G:F by 26% (P < 0.01) in wk 2. Over the 14 d of the trial, ADG was improved by 54 (P < 0.05) and 75 g (P < 0.05), and G:F was improved by 35 (P < 0.05) and 32% (P < 0.05) due to SDAP and colistin, respectively. There was interaction between colistin and SDAP for ADFI in wk 2 and between d 0 to 14 (P < 0.05), which indicates that their effects were not additive. The use of colistin was advantageous in the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of the pigs, as suggested by a small intestine that was 93 g heavier (P < 0.10) and with the tallest villi 106 microm longer (P < 0.10) than in pigs without colistin. The inclusion of SDAP in the diet favored the growth of lactobacilli in the ileum (P < 0.10) and the cecum (P < 0.05), whereas colistin reduced the number of enterococci in the cecum (P < 0.05) and of Escherichia coli both in the ileum and the cecum (P < 0.001). These results suggest that SDAP may be an alternative to medicated feed with antibiotics since it provided a level of protection against an experimental challenge with E. coli K99 similar to that obtained with colistin, an antibiotic of proven efficacy. The current situation in which the use of antimicrobials in animal feeding is being questioned should encourage further investigation into the use of SDAP as a means of preventing disease in pigs at weaning.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

Intestinal and gastric bypass. Changes in intestinal microecology after surgical treatment of morbid obesity in man.

Jejunal bacterial flora, bile acid deconjugation, and breath hydrogen and methane excretion were studied in nine patients with end-to-side and nine patients with end-to-end jejunoileostomy and in eight patients with gastric bypass. Bacterial numbers did not differ significantly between healthy controls and any of the patient groups. Production of fermentation gases in anaerobic cultures supplemented with carbohydrates did not occur with jejunal secretions from healthy controls but was found in all intestinal bypass patients and half the gastric bypass patients. Bacterial bile acid deconjugation activity was significantly higher in end-to-side compared with end-to-end jejunoileostomy patients. In gastric bypass patients bile acid deconjugation was not significantly affected. Breath hydrogen after glucose ingestion was abnormal in six patients with end-to-side and three with end-to-end jejunoileostomy and in six of the patients subjected to gastric bypass. The highest values were found in the later group. Breath methane, which is found in one third of a healthy population, was absent in all 18 patients with intestinal bypass, and this may indicate that a change occurs even in the colonic microflora after this operation. Both intestinal and gastric bypass may change the small-bowel microflora, with the greatest changes occurring after end-to-side jejunoileostomy and the least changes after gastric bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intestinal bypass. Bacteriological studies from different parts of the small intestine in rats.

Forty-five rats were divided into four groups according to type of operation: 1) end-to-side jejunoileal bypass (ES), 10 rats; 2) end-to-end jejunoileal bypass (EE), 10 rats; 3) jejunoileal resection (R), 10 rats; and 4) no operation, 15 rats. The luminal contents from the proximal jejunum and distal ileum, in groups 1 and 2 also from the proximal and distal part of the excluded small intestine, were examined bacteriologically 5-11 months after operation. The total number of aerobic and anaerobic microbes in the jejunum was equal in all groups. The number of aerobic bacteria in the ileum was significantly higher in the ES group than in the R and U groups. The number of bacteria capable of producing gas in glucose-supplemented media was increased both in the jejunum and ileum after ES bypass. Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides were commonly present in the ileum after both types of bypass but were not cultured in jejunal contents. The proximal part of the excluded intestinal segment in groups 1 and 2 contained very low numbers of microbes, whereas the flora of its distal part was similar to that of the ileum in continuity in group 1. Thus, the most marked changes of the intestinal flora occurred after ES bypass in the region of the anastomosis and distal to this.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[A case of chronic erosive polyarthritis which developed 14 years after an intestinal bypass operation with subsequent remission by intestinal revision].

A 38-year-old female patient developed the symptoms and signs of arthritis in the right tarsal joint for the first time after 14 asymptomatic years following an ileo-colic intestinal bypass operation which had been performed as an emergency procedure for acute ileus due to intestinal adhesions caused by the previous abdominal surgery. Her arthritis took a progressively severe course thereafter, primarily involving the joints of both lower extremities, and 13 years after the onset of symptoms she still continued to have active polyarthritis. However, no concomitant skin lesions of any form had been recognized throughout the course of the arthritis. On the articular radiographs erosive changes were evident in the right tarsal joints and also in the MTP joints of both big toes. Laboratory examinations of the serum revealed negative results for rheumatoid factor, circulating immune-complexes, anti-nuclear antibodies, and anti-DNA antibodies, while the serum level of CRP as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated. Other routine laboratory tests were all unremarkable, and neither HLA-B 27 nor HLA-DR 4 were positive. Therapeutic drug regimens consisting of NSAIDs, oral as well as intraarticular steroids, DMARDs, methotrexate, and combinations of these drugs were unsuccessful in controlling the severe symptoms of the arthritis. In view of this, a revision operation of intestinal bypass was performed 13 years after the onset of the arthritis. After the revision the severe pain of the arthritis began to subside gradually, and 1 year and 6 months later the patient achieved complete remission of the arthritis, and her CRP and ESR values returned to normal.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1989

Intestinal permeability as a measure of small intestinal mucosal integrity: correlation with jejunal biopsy.

The permeability of the small intestine was measured and jejunal biopsy performed in 39 children with gastrointestinal disorders. Intestinal permeability was measured using orally administered mannitol and lactulose as probe molecules in an isotonic solution (274 mOs/l), and the results were expressed as the ratio of the urinary excretion of the two sugars over 5 h. Urine samples were analysed for mannitol and lactulose content by high performance liquid chromatography. Children with small intestinal mucosal damage, irrespective of the cause, had a significantly lower (P less than 0.001) mannitol excretion (mean recovery 1.21% of ingested dose) than those with a normal mucosa (mean recovery 5.3%), while lactulose excretion did not differ (P greater than 0.05). The mean value of the lactulose:mannitol urinary excretion ratios was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in subjects with an abnormal mucosa (0.98) compared to those with a normal mucosa (0.2). Using the mean plus two standard deviations of the normal mucosa group to define the upper limit of normal, all lactulose: mannitol excretion ratios from the abnormal mucosa group were above this limit. The results of this study show that the sugar permeability test is a sensitive, non-invasive screening test for jejunal mucosal damage in children and shows good correlation with jejunal biopsy results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Histopathogenesis of intestinal metaplasia--minute lesions of intestinal metaplasia in the ulcer-bearing stomach].

More than 18,000 serial sections were performed in 10 ulcer-bearing gastrectomy specimens with mild intestinal metaplasia and containing minute lesions of intestinal metaplasia composed of a few metaplastic tubules, which often had an onion skin-like appearance. Fifty-two minute lesions could be reconstructed and examined three-dimensionally in these serial sections. As a result of this study, these minute lesions showed, without exception, a very close resemblance to a hen's egg or globe and had a dimple at the center. Moreover, we could detect minute lesions of intestinal metaplasia in which erosion and indifferent epithelia coexisted. From the various circumstantial findings, it was demonstrated that these lesions originated in the regenerative process of erosions.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1996

Transport characteristics of differently charged cephalosporin antibiotics in oocytes expressing the cloned intestinal peptide transporter PepT1 and in human intestinal Caco-2 cells.

To investigate whether multiple peptide transporters mediate absorption of beta-lactams carrying different charges at physiological pH, we used the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the cloned rabbit intestinal peptide transporter PepT1. Characteristics of transport of the anionic cefixime and the zwitterionic cefadroxil were assessed by 1) flux studies using radiolabeled compounds, by 2) measuring changes in pHin in cells and oocytes as a consequence of substrate-mediated proton influx and 3) by applying the two-electrode voltage clamp technique to assess the electrophysiological phenomena associated with beta-lactam transport in oocytes expressing PepT1. Both beta-lactams were rapidly taken up into Caco-2 cells and oocytes expressing PepT1 by a pH-dependent and saturable transport pathway. Mutual inhibition suggested that acidic and zwitterionic compounds may share a common transporter. Cefixime and cefadroxil caused a significant decline in intracellular pH as a consequence of proton coupled substrate influx. Uptake of cefixime and cefadroxil via PepT1 expressed in oocytes was electrogenic indicating that transport of both beta-lactams is associated with movement of net positive charge. The more acidic pH required for rheogenic cefixime uptake in both cell systems, when compared to cefadroxil uptake in both cell systems, when compared to cefadroxil uptake, and the concomitant faster intracellular acidification indicates that cefixime most likely is taken up only in its nonionized form with an additional proton being cotransported. This is supported by the observation that cefixime uptake at different pH correlated significantly with the percentage of the nonionized species being present. From our studies we conclude that a single peptide transport system can mediate electrogenic uptake of the neutral form of beta-lactam antibiotics into intestinal epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Renal, biliary and intestinal clearance of sotalol enantiomers in rat model: evidence of intestinal exsorption.

Biliary clearance (Clb) of sotalol (STL) enantiomers was assessed in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (419 +/- 9 g, mean +/- SEM, n = 4) following administration of a 10 mg kg-1 i.v. dose of the racemate. Clb for S- and R-STL (0.0675 +/- 0.0090 and 0.0662 +/- 0.0089 mL min-1 kg-1, respectively) represented approximately 0.3% of systemic clearance (Cls) values for S- and R-STL (20.4 +/- 2.2 and 20.7 +/- 2.0 mL min-1 kg-1, respectively). Bile:plasma concentration ratios at 1, 2, and 3 h post-dose were approximately 1.4, 1.3, and 1.2 for both STL enantiomers. Renal clearance (Clr) and intestinal clearance (Cli) of STL enantiomers were assessed in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats (325 g, n = 4) following administration of a 10 mg kg-1 i.v. dose of the racemate. STL enantiomers were predominantly eliminated intact in the urine: Clr for S- and R-STL (26.3 +/- 3.2 and 28.7 +/- 4.2 mL min-1 kg-1 respectively) accounted for approximately 96% of Cls for S- and R-STL (27.5 +/- 3.3 and 29.9 +/- 4.2 mL min-1 kg-1, respectively). Approximately 4% of the dose was recovered in the faeces, corresponding to Cli values of 1.16 +/- 0.17 and 1.26 +/- 0.19 mL min-1 kg-1 for S- and R-STL, respectively. Total recovery of the administered dose in urine and faeces was 99.7 +/- 0.2 and 99.8 +/- 0.5% for S- and R-STL, respectively. It is concluded from these results in the rat model that (i) STL enantiomers are predominantly eliminated intact in urine; (ii) STL enantiomers are excreted intact in bile, and to a much larger extent in the faeces, thus suggesting the presence of intestinal exsorption of STL; (iii) STL does not appear to be metabolized; and (iv) Cls, Clr, Clb, and Cli are negligibly stereoselective.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

Differential regulation of intestinal and liver fatty acid-binding proteins in human intestinal cell line (Caco-2): role of collagen.

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are small cytosolic proteins which are thought to play a key role in fatty acid metabolism. The intestine contains the intestinal (I-FABP) and the liver (L-FABP) isoforms, but their regulation is still poorly documented. In order to find suitable conditions for studying the regulation of the two FABP isoforms in Caco-2 cells, we investigated the effects of the presence of collagen during cell proliferation or differentiation. When collagen was present only during cell proliferation on culture dishes, I-FABP expression was enhanced, whereas sucrase-isomaltase was unaffected and L-FABP expression was merely accelerated. In contrast, when collagen was present during cell differentiation on filter inserts, both I-FABP and sucrase-isomaltase were strongly reduced, but L-FABP was not affected. Under the former conditions (the more suitable for studying FABP regulation), the peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators, clofibrate and alpha-bromopalmitate, enhanced the two isoforms. This study, which is the first one providing a quantitative protein analysis of I-FABP and L-FABP in Caco-2 cells, demonstrates different time courses of expression of these proteins during cell differentiation. It also shows that I-FABP is specifically regulated by collagen and that, under conditions optimal for their expression, both isoforms are modulated by metabolic factors.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMed1995

Effect of reversed intestinal segments on intestinal structure and function.

Our aim was to evaluate the short-term effect of a reversed segment on structural and functional intestinal adaptation. Ten dogs underwent 75% distal resection and serosal electrode placement with (RS, n = 5) or without (RO, n = 5) reversal of the terminal 10 cm of the remnant. Nutritional status, absorption, motility, hormonal response, and remnant adaptation were studied at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Both groups lost weight (RO 89 +/- 3% and RS 76 +/- 8% of initial wt at 12 weeks). Hypoalbuminemia occurred in the RS animals (2.5 +/- .4 vs 2.9 +/- 4 g/dl, P < 0.05). Caloric intake was lower in RS animals during the first 2 weeks. Stool weight increased transiently (4 and 8 weeks) after RO (239 +/- 92 and 249 +/- 25 g/day vs 101 +/- 42 g/day, preop, P < .05) but not RS. Stool fat was elevated in both groups. Remnant length increased after RO (90 +/- 16 to 110 +/- 21 cm) but not after RS (89 +/- 8 vs 86 +/- 9 cm). Morphometric changes were similar. Plasma PYY was increased after RO but not RS animals. Changes in tissue neuropeptides were similar. Intestinal transit time was increased 4 weeks after RS (19 +/- 9 vs 10 +/- 2 min) but was similar to RO thereafter. Myoelectrical activity in the reversed segment was persistently reversed and independent; only 11% of proximal Phase 3 complexes were propagated into the reversed segment. The dominant motor pattern within this segment was orad-migrating clusters and prolonged spike bursts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on the release of serotonin from the in vitro vascularly perfused small intestine of guinea pig.

Isolated segments of the guinea pig small intestine were vascularly perfused and the release of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) into the portal vein was measured. All test substances were intraarterially perfused. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 1 pmol/l-100 nmol/l) inhibited the spontaneous release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA. The maximal inhibitory effect (about 60%) was seen at 100 pmol/l. The effect of VIP on the spontaneous release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was not changed in the presence of 1 mumol/l tetrodotoxin (TTX). Raising intraluminal pressure by 500 Pa for 5 min increased the release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA by about 25%. Raising the intraluminal pressure in the presence of VIP reduced the release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA by about 75%. In the presence of TTX (1 mumol/l), raising intraluminal pressure also caused a decrease of the release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA which was unaffected by the additional presence of VIP. The fluid volume expelled during peristaltic activity was not affected by VIP, but reduced by about 90% in the presence of TTX. In conclusion the results demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of VIP on the release of 5-HT from the enterochromaffin cells. In addition, VIP appears to interfere with the neuronally mediated stimulation of 5-HT release during peristaltic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Regulatory volume increase after hypertonicity- or vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-induced cell-volume decrease in small-intestinal crypts is dependent on Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport.

The volume of intact crypts isolated from guinea-pig small intestine has been measured to assess the capacity of the cells to regulate their volume after hypertonic shock or vasoactive-intestinal-peptide (VIP)-induced shrinkage. Crypts exposed to anisotonic medium initially behave as perfect osmometers. Continued exposure to a hypertonic (400 mosmol/l) medium was followed by regulatory volume increase (RVI), which led to complete volume recovery in about 20 min. VIP produced a volume reduction, attributed to KCl loss through channels activated by the secretagogue, without any recovery during exposure to the polypeptide. Removal of VIP led to an increase of cellular volume towards control levels. This volume recovery after secretagogue-induced shrinkage is termed SVI. Both RVI and SVI were abolished by removal of Na+ or Cl- from the bathing solution, by addition of the loop diuretic bumetanide (1 microM), but not by addition of ethylisopropylamiloride (10 microM) or amiloride (1 mM). Cell shrinkage was also observed when tonicity was increased by addition of 100 mM NaCl or 200 mM D-mannitol, but RVI was seen only when NaCl was the added osmolyte. The ion dependence, pharmacological sensitivity and thermodynamic considerations of these effects are consistent with the operation of a Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport mechanism activated by cell shrinkage and the secretagogue action of VIP.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lack of intestinal transport of [3H]-demethylphalloin: comparative studies with phallotoxins and bile acids on isolated small intestinal cells and ileal brush border membrane vesicles.

Several earlier studies suggested that the uptake of phallotoxins by liver cells is a carrier mediated process using a transport system normally handling bile acids (see Frimmer 1982). In this study we have shown whether ileal cells, well known to transport bile acids too, are able to take up phallotoxins. Isolated epithelial cells prepared from guinea pig ileum accumulated [14C]-cholate, whereas [3H]-demethylphalloin ([3H]-DMP) was not taken up. The same observation was made with isolated jejunal cells but the uptake of [14C]-cholate was much slower. [3H]-DMP, however, was partly bound to intestinal cells. This process was not inhibited by cholate, iodipamide, oligomycin and carbonylcyano-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), compounds known to decrease the uptake of phallotoxins into liver cells. Substituting Na+ for choline+ and also Cl- for SCN- did not influence the binding of [3H]-DMP. Frozen intestinal cells from the guinea pig bound two time more [3H]-DMP after thawing compared with intact cells. Supplementary uptake experiments on isolated brush border membrane vesicles from rat ileum revealed that phalloidin does not inhibit taurocholate uptake and that taurocholate does not interfere with [3H]-DMP binding. The results suggest that [3H]-demethylphalloin is not recognized by the bile acid carrier of the guinea pig and the rat ileum. It is concluded that the transport system for bile acids present in ileal cell is different from that of liver cells.

Alkaloids↗