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PubMedDate not supplied

[Cadaverine and its possible role in parasite and host interrelations in ascaridiasis].

A comparative study of the formation process of cadaverine in tissues of ascarides, intestine and liver of hen was conducted. Data are given on the activity, pH-optimum of lysine decarboxylase obtained from tissues of helminth and its host. The question on a toxic role of cadaverine during helminthiasis is considered. It has been concluded that the accumulation of cadaverine in the host's intestine can break the permeability of the intestine walls and favour the penetration of toxins of helminths into the host's organism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human basophil degranulation test in the diagnosis of anguilluliasis. Preliminary results].

The human basophil degranulation test was applied to the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. The preliminary results show an excellent response. 33 of the 35 cases give a definite positive result and in the 15 control cases, with no parasitosis or an other helminthiasis, the test was negative. If these results are confirmed by a more important study of sensitivity and specificity, the test would be of interest when the parasitosis is of difficult evidence and especially by patients needing immunodepressive therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cholelithiasis in children in a Chinese hospital: report of 52 cases.

Over a period of 22 years (1958-1980), 52 children with cholelithiasis were treated in the Hunan Medical College Hospital in Ghangsha, China. Enteric helminthiasis is a common endemic disease in China and the countries of the Far East. Common in this region also is biliary ascariasis, which can precipitate an abdominal emergency in children. Both these conditions make differentiation of primary acute cholecystitis from the acute cholecystitis that is a complication of biliary ascariasis difficult in children. But, whatever the etiology of the disease, cholelithiasis was confirmed in all 52 children, an incidence of 1:62.4 the frequency of this disease in adults, or eight times higher than that which occurs in Western countries. Table 1 shows the distribution according to sex and age in our patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the health status of nomadic and semi-nomadic populations of the Gourma-Mali: epidemiologic approach. II. Overall results and conclusions].

The authors report the main clues of morbidity, infant mortality, fecundity as well as the main endemic affections detected in the nomadic and seminomadic populations in Gourma that they have noticed during a descriptive epidemiological investigation. The worse clues of general morbidity come from children and among the ethnic groups studied from those of the Tamachèques and the Maures. Malaria, brucellosis, treponematosis (bejel) have a high rate of frequency. The few cases of tuberculosis detected incidentally encourage to search for the real effect of this affection. Urinary schistosomiasis is present in Gossi where durable ponds exist. Intestinal helminthiasis, tineas, and hemoglobinopathies seem not to be problems of public health in the area. Pterygiums and conjunctivitis are frequent while trachoma is absent in Gourma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Anthelmintic activities of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

The anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin, a combined solution of the B1a and B1b fractions of avermectin, was assessed in a controlled trial. Twenty-four yearling calves experiencing naturally acquired, clinical gastrointestinal helminthiasis were evenly divided on the basis of weight into two 12-animal groups. The medicated group was given (subcutaneously) ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 microgram/kg of body weight. The control animals were given the vehicle alone, at an equivalent rate. All animals were killed 14 days later. At necropsy of the calves, gastrointestinal helminth arithmetic means were 178,626 and 575 for the control and the treated groups, respectively, an overall reduction of 99.7%. Nematodes which were present at substantial levels were Ostertagia ostertagi, O lyrata, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctate, C oncophora, C mcmasteri, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was excellent regardless of nematode species, sex, or stage of development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a logical probability method for evaluating the clinical indices in fascioliasis of cattle].

The possibility of helminthiasis diagnosis with the use of nonparametric models of statistic analysis was checked. The method resolves itself into the estimation of the degree of informativeness of characters chosen for the description of elements of phenomena, for the isolation of a certain complex of most informative characters and the construction of a system of standards with the use of EC. The level of informativeness of 38 haematological and clinical indices was tested. The indices characterizing the contents of relating to stab neutrophils and microlymphocytes in blood were found to possess the highest informativeness while the contents of erythrocytes, leucocytes, eosinophiles and haemoglobin--the lesser one. Indices characterizing the contents of haemocytes, basophils and monocytes as well as ESR possess low and average informativeness. The level of identification of objects in training samplings was rather high and reached in most cases 100%.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The parasites obtained and bacteria isolated from house rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) caught in human habitations in Ibadan, Nigeria.

A total of 169 house rats were killed in different households distributed within five localities of Ibadan. A wide range of parasites were encountered. The flea, Ceratophylus fasciatus was the commonest ectoparasite found. Trichostrongylus columbriformis eggs were the commonest nematode and Hymenolepis diminuta the only cestode. Escherichia coli was the commonest bacterium found. The incidence of helminthiasis, especially H. diminuta, was generally high among rats trapped in the villages and the indigenous areas of the city. One hundred and twenty eight (128) of the rats possessed Trypanosoma lewisi infection, seventy one (71) had Anaplasma marginale while fifty seven (57) had Babesia microti infection. The public health importance of some of the parasites found is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An epidemiological study of intestinal bilharziasis and roundworm infections in Bafia (Cameroon)].

The prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis is measured by means of stool examinations. In Bafia eggs are passed in the feces of 69.1% of the inhabitants for Ascaris lumbricoides, 70.1 % for Trichuris trichiura, 59.6 % for Necator americanus and 14.8% for Enterobius vermicularis. A small focus of intestinal bilharziasis exists in Bafia and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni are found in the feces of 18.6% of the persons studied. Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the intermediate host of the parasite and transmission occurs in the town itself, in the fish-culture pool and in the rivers Guen and Rutop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Intestinal and blood parasites in the Torro Valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Approximately 300 blood and fecal specimens were examined in a parasitologic survey of indigenous inhabitants of the small isolated Torro Valley in the mountains of Central Sulawesi. Schistosoma japonicum was not found although the parasite is endemic in the neighboring Lindu and Napu valleys. Hookworm infection (71%) was the most common helminthiasis. The prevalences of ascariasis (3%) and trichuriasis (2%) are low for Indonesia in general but similar to those found in nearby mountainous areas of Sulawesi. Intestinal protozoa endemic to the area are: Entamoeba histolytica (8%). E. coli (23%). Endolimax nana (9%), Iodamoeba butschii (9%) and Giardia lamblia (14%). Plasmodium vivax infections were found in 4% and P. falciparum in 2% of persons examined. Brugia malayi microfilaremia was found with a prevalence of 25%. The high rate of splenic (54%) and hepatic (22%) enlargement found on examination of 206 persons of all ages is considered to be a result of combined effects of endemic malaria and hereditary ovalocytosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Necator americanus uncinariasis in an infant born and residing in Mexico City].

A six-month-old infant is reported with the unquestionable diagnosis diagnosis of Necator americanus uncinariasis. The mother was also infected with the same hookworm. The patient was born and has always dwelt in Mexico City, where helminthiasis is considered extremely rare. The epidemiologic studies determined that the dwelling conditions were inadequate for the transmittal of the agent through the soil. The authors emphasize the importance of the presumptive diagnosis in those cases suggesting the disease and to carry out studies to confirm the existence of other infectious means

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Leukocyte count in French people living in Mali].

The authors studied the leucocytes count of 173 French people living in Mali (West Africa) during 4 years. 8.3% of these subjects presented neutropenia under 1,800/mm3, 12.2% had lymphocytosis over 4,000/mm3 and 11.6% hypereosinophilia over 500/mm3. These abnormalities differ considerably from one year to another in the same subject; their frequency does not depend upon the age, the sex, the duration of the stay in Africa. Eosinophilia is secondary to helminthiasis. Neutropenia and lymphocytosis are probably secondary to unknown evironmental factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Chronobiologic studies of intestinal epithelium in the acute phase of opisthorchiasis].

Acute opisthorchiasis was simulated on 64 golden hamsters to reveal circadian rhythms of mitotic activity in the jejunum, ileum and cecum epithelium, with a maximum amounting to 3 hours. Acute opisthorchiasis modifies the mitotic regimen of the test parts of the intestine, smooths and distorts the rhythm. A conclusion is drawn about the reduced functional-structural reserves of gastrointestinal tract epithelium in helminthiasis in question.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Ancylostomiasis and strongyloidiasis: clinico-epidemiologic comparative study of travelers coming from endemic areas].

BACKGROUND: The increase in immigration and adventure travelling by tourists generates a population susceptible to have a type of helminthiasis which we are not familiar with. The clinical-epidemiologic characteristics of different groups of patients with this disease are presented. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective longitudinal study was carried out. The clinical-epidemiologic and imaging laboratory data of 56 patients with ankylostomiasis and strongyloidiasis observed in the Department of Tropical Medicine of the Hospital Clinic i Provincial, in Barcelona, Spain, were collected. RESULTS: Ankylostomiasis and strongyloidiasis represent 2% of the global diseases attended. The risk factor the "use of open footwear" was present in almost all the cases. Among the immigrants this parasitosis may become manifest up to 10 years after the last contact. The digestive form and the accidental finding were the most common forms of presentation among the tourists and immigrants, respectively, with diarrhoea being the most frequent manifestation among the tourists (p = 0.008). Forty-five percent of the patients presented polyparasitism, being more frequently observed among the immigrants (p = 0.025). Anemia was found among 44% of the immigrants while this was not observed in any of the tourists (p = 0.012). No clinical relapse was observed with treatment with mebendazol and thiabendazol. CONCLUSIONS: A clinically different behavior was observed between the two groups of travellers. Although infrequent, the clinical importance ot its diagnosis is based on avoiding severe complications in immunosuppressed individuals and preventing anemia in patients with several diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Extraordinarily high eosinophilia and elevated serum interleukin-5 level observed in a patient infected with Paragonimus westermani.

OBJECTIVE: Although eosinophilia is one of the typical clinical features of some helminth infections, the degree of eosinophilia in helminthiasis is usually 10% to 30% with a total white blood cell count of 10,000 to 20,000/mm3. Here we report a case of extraordinarily high eosinophilia (91%; absolute eosinophil count, 84,000/mm3) caused by Paragonimus westermani infection. To determine the mechanisms of eosinophilia, the levels of several eosinophilopoietic cytokines in the patient's sera were measured during the course of treatment. METHODS: Serum levels of three cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits or our own assay system for IL-5. RESULTS: Although the kinetic changes of IL-5 correlated well with eosinophilia, the serum IL-3 level remained below the detection level throughout the period examined. Although the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor level was twofold to threefold higher than the normal level, its kinetics did not parallel the degree of eosinophilia. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Paragonimus westermani infection can induce an extraordinarily high level of eosinophilia with an associated increase in IL-5 production. Immunoserologic diagnosis for parasitic diseases should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A very up-to-date stage in the fate of infectious diseases: parasitic and fungal opportunistic infections].

Opportunistic parasitosis and mycosis are becoming ever more widespread, mainly under the influence of major immunodeficiencies, either acquired (AIDS) or therapeutic. In this general overview, their main aspects, both clinical and epidemiological, are underlined. In terms of epidemiology, three types of phenomena have been observed: 1) emergence of human parasitosis unknown before (microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoom hellem or Septata intestinalis); 2) among the human parasites already known, identification of very pathogenic strains (Toxoplasma gondii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans); 3) origin probably or certainly nosocomial of certain infections (pneumocystosis; toxoplasmosis and visceral leishmaniasis transmitted during bone-marrow or organ transplantations). The development of deep mycosis (invasive aspergillosis) is particularly promoted by granulopenia and alterations in the phagocytosis. On the other hand, opportunistic protozoosis (toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis) and helminthiasis (strongyloidosis due to Strongyloides stercolaris) are related, above all, to disorders in cellular immunity (deficit of CD4+, mainly). Finally, several of these infections may be characterised by a variety of clinical pictures and outcome, depending on the contributory factors (immunodeficit or not) which led to the development of the infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of common broad spectrum anthelmintics against hook worm, Ascaris and Trichiuris in Hat Yai district, Songkhla Province, Thailand.

1. The third therapeutic scheme should be used in the hospital. 2. The second and third therapeutic scheme may be used in mass treatment. 3. The 4th-6th therapeutic scheme is to be considered, reviewed, and evaluated. 4. Model and technology of permanent worms control is to be studied. 5. The treatment and control of Ascaris were simple. Cure with low reinfection rate and long reinfection period was remarkable. 6. The prevalence rate and reinfection rate of Trichiuris was high, and not so sensitive to any antelmintics. 7. The reinfection rate in the second group was not superior to the first group and the third group. This revealed no effectiveness of ovicidal and larvicidal on the helminthiasis. 8. Reinfection rate in the third therapeutic scheme was the least group. 9. Toxicity and side effect were not found in any anthelmintics. 10. Broad Spectrum Anthelmintics are necessary in mass treatment or blind treatment.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The potential for using an integrated method of soil disinfection in microfoci of geohelminthiases].

Polycarbocin-lupine and polycarbocin-pea systems were found to exert a marked ovicidal effect providing decontamination of the top soil layer from ascarid eggs for 3 months. A combination of 4-5 mg of polycarbacine and 25-30 lupine or 20-30 pea plants per m2 was found the optimal. If combined with pea, 3 g of the agent is sufficient. The integrated method for soil deinvasion seems to be particularly promising in microfoci of helminthiasis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of ivermectin for scabies.

BACKGROUND: Ivermectin, a modified avermectin, is widely known to be an ectoparasiticidal agent in animals but its effect on human ectoparasites is not known. METHODS: As a part of a chemotherapy trial with ivermectin against Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia, two males with clinical scabies were studied. Three skin scrapings were taken from the lesions of each of the cases and examined with potassium hydroxide solution for the presence of eggs, larvae or adult mites. RESULTS: Following a single oral dose of ivermectin at either 100 micrograms or 20 micrograms/kg body weight both the itching and eruptions were reduced and the lesions healed after 14 days of treatment. Skin scrapings taken on days 7 and 30 after administering the drug did not reveal any mites. However, the lesions reappeared after 3 months. CONCLUSION: The beneficial results on the healing of scabetic lesions following ivermectin therapy indicates that the drug may have a scabicidal effect. Reappearance of the lesions may have been due to an inadequate dose. This emphasizes the need for future controlled trials on the efficacy of ivermectin against human scabies infection. If proven, this may be an additional advantage in mass chemotherapy campaigns, when there is co-existence of filariasis, intestinal helminthiasis and scabies.

Adolescent↗