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PubMed2001

[Effects on M-protein on laboratory data].

We describe two patients with abnormal immunoglobulins: Case 1 was a non-diabetic patient with IgA-kappa type M-protein whose serum fructosamine(FRA) value was markedly elevated; and Case 2 was a patient with pseudo-leukocytosis induced by the interaction of etylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and IgG-kappa type M-protein. The M-protein in Case 1 was found to be conjugated to serum albumin by immunoelectrophoresis. By gel filtration, the FRA peak of the patient's serum was shown in the high molecule weight fraction. The glycation of IgA-kappa type M-protein was clearly demonstrated by FRA staining after fractionation by serum protein electrophoresis. Although serum FRA values of other non-diabetic patients with IgA type M-protein were elevated, patients with IgG type M-protein and IgM type M-protein had low or normal serum FRA values. In Case 2, the white blood cell count of the patient's blood anti-coagulated with EDTA was 52,300/microliter as determined using an automated counter, but was within normal limits when counted manually by light microscopy using a hemacytometer. The white precipitates were formed by the interaction of the patient's serum with EDTA. Immunofixation electrophoresis revealed that the precipitates were IgG2-kappa type M-protein.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

Influence of beta-resorcylidene aminoguanidine on selected metabolic parameters and antioxidant status of rats with diabetes mellitus.

We studied the effects of administration of beta-resorcylidene aminoguanidine (RAG) to Wistar strain rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by streptozotocin. The effects studied included antioxidant levels in plasma and the liver, oxidative damage of lipids represented by the formation of substances reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBARP) and selected biochemical indicators. The administration of RAG did not significantly affect antioxidant status of diabetic rats or hemoglobin glycation and plasma concentration of fructosamine. In diabetic rats, application of RAG decreased formation of TBARP in plasma but not in the liver. Moderate steatosis of liver and increased plasma levels of triacylglycerols in diabetic rats were significantly improved by application of RAG.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of the efficacy of biologically active dietary supplements in the diet therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus type II associated with obesity].

The dynamic of glycemia, insulin, C peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, fructosamine, parameters of serum lipids, lipid peroxidation and system of antioxidant defense in 38 patients with diabetes mellitus type II associated with obesity was studied against hypocaloric diet No. 9 R. Besides favorable influence on a clinical picture of the diseas universal normalizing influence of hypoglycemic hypocaloric diet with food dietary supplement "Temarox" on parameters of carbohydrate, lipid and oxidative metabolism was disclosed. The scheme of investigation of efficacy of food dietary supplements in complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type II associated with obesity was offered on basis of study of influence "Temarox" on mechanisms of metabolic disorders in these patients.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1992

Maternal postprandial blood glucose levels influence infant birth weight in diabetic pregnancy.

Relationships between maternal glycaemia and neonatal birth weight were studied prospectively in 14 tightly controlled pregnant women with pre-existing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Maternal glycaemia throughout pregnancy was determined from daily self blood glucose (BG) monitoring with memory meters and fortnightly fructosamine (Fr) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) measurements. Mean non-fasting BG and mean HbA1 throughout pregnancy correlated strongly (Spearman rank) with birth weight (0.64 and 0.73 respectively), as did mean second trimester non fasting BG (0.54), HbA1 (0.7) and Fr (0.64) and mean third trimester HbA1 (0.65), whereas mean fasting BG showed no significant correlations with birth weight at any age of pregnancy. The disparity between the strong correlation of non fasting BG with birth weight and the poor correlation of fasting BG suggests that postprandial as opposed to basal glycaemia significantly influences foetal growth and neonatal size.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Efficiency of the vegetative tea in diet therapy for patients with obesity associated with diabetes mellitus type 2].

The dynamic of glycemia, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, fructosamine, thyroid hormones, parameters of serum lipids, lipid peroxidation and system of antioxidant defense in 81 hospital patients and out-patients with obesity associated with diabetes mellitus type II was studied of influence of hypocaloric diet 9. Universal normalizing influence of hypocaloric diet 9 with vegetation tea was discovered on parameters of carbohydrate, lipid and oxidative metabolism and of patients clinical state of pateni. The additional criteria of evaluation of efficacy of food dietary supplements in complex treatment of patients with obesity associated with diabetes mellitus type II was offered on basis of study of influence vegetation tea on mechanisms of metabolic disorders in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Magnesium, total calcium, phosphorus, copper, and zinc in plasma and erythrocytes of venous cord blood from infants of diabetic mothers: comparison with a reference group by logistic discriminant analysis.

Concentrations of magnesium (Mg), total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were investigated in plasma (Pl) and erythrocytes (Erc) of venous cord blood of 44 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). These same concentrations plus total glycohemoglobin and fructosamine were determined at delivery in a subset of 15 mothers of these infants. Mineral results for IDMs were compared with those for 66 apparently healthy newborns. The duration of gestation in the two groups was significantly different (P < 0.001). After adjustment for gestational age, the mean (+/- SD) differences between groups were significant for birth weight, head circumference, Erc-Mg (1.71 +/- 0.17 for IDMs vs 1.76 +/- 0.15 mmol/L for control subjects), Pl-Ca (1.96 +/- 0.32 vs 2.48 +/- 0.22 mmol/L), Pl-P (1.99 +/- 0.40 vs 1.57 +/- 0.25 mmol/L), and Erc-Cu (10.9 +/- 2.41 vs 12.9 +/- 3.00 mumol/L), but not for Erc-Zn (33.0 +/- 18.3 vs 40.4 +/- 13.6 mumol/L). The variable that best discriminated between the two infant groups after adjustment for gestational age was Pl-Ca. In the 15 mothers, Pl-Mg (0.67 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) and Pl-Ca (1.66 +/- 0.21 mmol/L) concentrations were low, Pl-Zn (9.81 +/- 3.40 mumol/L) was normal, and Pl-Cu (33.5 +/- 10.7 mumol/L) was above normal. Correlations between total glycohemoglobin and mineral values of the mothers or paired IDM mineral values were not significant. The concentration of Pl-Ca was positively correlated with Erc-Cu (P < 0.001) and Pl-Cu (P < 0.05) in the comparison group newborns but not in the IDMs.

Calcium↗
PubMed1992

[Mechanisms of hypoglycemic action of benfluorex].

UNLABELLED: Benfluorex is a hypolipidemic agent with biguanide-like properties. Its action on glucose metabolism was evaluated in 6 NIDDM patients previously treated with diet alone. Before and after 1 month of benfluorex therapy (450 mg/day p.o.), an euglycemic (100 mg/dl) insulin (40 mU/m2/min) clamp was performed along with 3-3H-glucose infusion and indirect calorimetry. Benfluorex did not affect body weight, while it reduced fasting plasma glucose (144 +/- 16 vs 119 +/- 8 mg/dl; P < 0.05), glycosylated hemoglobin (6.8 +/- 0.8 vs 6.4 +/- 0.4 percent) and fructosamine (2.9 +/- 0.6 vs 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; P < 0.05). Both triglycerides (2.3 +/- 0.6 vs 1.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) and total cholesterol (5.7 +/- 0.7 vs 5.2 +/- 0.6 mmol/l) declined. No changes occurred in plasma fatty acid, insulin, and C-peptide. Basal hepatic glucose production did not change and it was completely suppressed during the clamp studies both before and after benfluorex. Basal oxidation rates of carbohydrates and lipids did not change significantly. During the insulin clamp study, insulin-mediated glucose disposal increased after benfluorex (5.7 +/- 0.3 vs 4.8 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/min; P < 0.01). Lipid oxidation was equally suppressed before and after therapy with benfluorex. Glucose oxidation was not enhanced after benfluorex while non-oxidative glucose metabolism was significantly improved (2.2 +/- 0.7 vs 3.4 +/- 0.4 mg/kg/min; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: short-term benfluorex administration a) improves glucose and lipid control, b) improves insulin action by enhancing non-oxidative glucose metabolism, c) does not affect basal insulin secretion. The long-term effect of benfluorex treatment remains to be evaluated.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

Perspective: measurement of circulating glycated proteins to monitor intermediate-term changes in glycaemic control.

The effective clinical management of diabetes requires accurate means to measure and monitor prevailing blood glucose concentrations. This can be accomplished with regular home glucose monitoring and periodic measurement of indicators that reflect ambient glycaemia during defined temporal intervals. The amount of glycated haemoglobin provides an index of integrated long-term glycaemia, whereas the amount of glycated albumin provides an index of short to intermediate term integrated glycaemic control. However, there is confusion regarding the various methods for estimation of glycated serum or plasma proteins, in part because the different methods use different reaction principles, measure different substances, and express results in different units. This article reviews the principles underlying different assays for measurement of glycated albumin and glycated serum proteins, compares their ranges of values, and discusses their clinical relevance assessed by studies published in the recent medical literature. The methods evaluated include commercially available assays for measuring glycated albumin with monoclonal antibodies and with affinity chromatography (including HPLC), and the fructosamine assay for glycated serum proteins.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, and C-III in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

This study was conducted to determine whether changes in the levels of plasma apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-II, and C-III, along with cholesterol and triglycerides, could provide additional information on these parameters in relation to the control of glycemia. Plasma and lipoprotein lipids and apolipoprotein levels were measured in 123 insulin-dependent diabetic children (4- to 12-years-old), classified into good, fair, and poor diabetic control based on HbA1c and fructosamine levels, and in 62 comparable healthy controls. Total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as total triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, and apo B and apo C-III were increased significantly in children with fair and poor diabetic control. While in diabetic children with good control, only very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly compared with healthy control subjects. Conversely, the levels of cholesterol in HDL, HDL2, HDL3, and apo A-I were decreased significantly in the three diabetic groups, but apo A-II and apo C-II did not change. We conclude that in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, abnormalities in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels occur, the extent of which depends on the degree (extent) of glycemic control (the poorer the control the more substantial the abnormality). We suggest that measurement of apo C-III level along with apo B and apo A-I in these patients may be a sensitive indicator to alterations in glycemic control.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed2005

[Abnormal laboratory data due to interaction between immunoglobulins and other serum proteins].

Two cases with abnormal laboratory data due to interaction between immunoglobulins and other serum proteins are described. Case 1 was a patient with lactate dehydrogenase (LD) -IgG3 complex whose serum LD value was moderately elevated. Case 2 were nondiabetic patients with IgA type M-proteinemia who had significantly increased serum fructosamine (FRA). The IgG3 in Case 1 was found to be conjugated to LD by immunoprecipitation assay. The LD-IgG3 complex was easily dissociated by affinity chromatography on 5'-AMP or Cibacron Blue F3G-A. The relative molecular weights of the patient's gamma3 chains and light chains were 67,000 and 28,000, respectively, by Western blotting, which corresponded to the expected values. However, the patient's IgG3 did not react to the anti-kappa and anti-lambda light chain antibodies in Immunofixation electrophoresis. Serum FRA concentrations were higher in patients (Case 2) with IgA type M-proteinemia or polyclonal hyper-IgA than those with the IgG type or IgM type. The sera from the patients with IgG or IgM type M-proteinemia had FRA only at the position of albumin, but 11 of 13 sera with IgA type M-proteinemia stained for glycoprotein at the position of the M-protein band as well as the albumin band. The abnormal precipitin arcs of IgA-albumin complex were observed in 11 of 13 sera from patients with IgA type M-proteinemia that were glycosylated at the position of M-protein band.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Failure of common glycation assays to detect glycation by fructose.

Serum albumin was modified by in vitro glycation with either fructose or glucose, to see whether the common clinical assays for glycation were able to detect both fructose- and glucose-induced changes in protein structure in diabetes. Although fluorescence measurements showed that fructose causes far more protein damage than glucose, neither serum fructosamine (SFA) nor phenylboronate affinity (PBA) glycation assays reflected these changes. The SFA method implied that fructose causes only about 5% of the glycation induced by glucose; with PBA the proportion was 25%. The thiobarbituric acid- and periodate-based assays also greatly underestimated the true extent of fructation. We discuss these discrepancies with respect to the underlying chemistry, emphasizing the difference between aldehydic and ketonic Amadori products (exemplified by fructose and glucose derivatives, respectively). The implications for detecting fructose-induced secondary diabetic complications are also discussed.

Colorimetry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic effects of the month of Ramadan fasting on type 2 diabetes].

We assessed the effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolic control, particularly change of HDL-cholesterol in 25 type 2 diabetic patients treated with diet or oral agents, with good metabolic control. Clinical and biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated 3 weeks before Ramadan, in the fourth week of Ramadan and 3 weeks after Ramadan.There were no changes in body weight and blood pressure nor any metabolic complications. The mean plasma fasting glucose, serum fructosamin and haemoglobin A1c did not change. We found a negative relation between cholesterol intake during Ramadan and the change of HDL-cholesterol. When cholesterol intake was lower than 400 mg/day, plasma HDL-cholesterol increased by 13% at the end of Ramadan and by 23% 3 weeks after Ramadan.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Progress in glycated albumin assay and its clinical significance].

Glycated albumin (G-Alb) measured as one of the glycated proteins is recognized to be the clinical significant index of blood glucose control at earlier stage rather than HbA1c. The borate affinity column (BAC) method is regarded as a reference assay method, but the assay of fructosamine (FRA) is widely used at present as the easier method of G-Alb. In this paper, the characteristics, problems and usefulness of BAC method and FRA assay were described.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

Serum uric acid concentrations in type 2 diabetes: its significant relationship to serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations.

OBJECTIVE: Serum uric acid concentrations in diabetics are well known to be significantly lower than those in non-diabetic subjects, due to increased its urinary clearance. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations are also specifically decreased in diabetics through the increased urinary excretion. To gain an insight into the idea that a common mechanism might be possible to work in reducing these serum substances, this study was conducted. METHODS: A total of 121 type 2 diabetic patients, 76 males and 45 females, were studied. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the independent association between potential predictor variables (mean blood pressure, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, serum fructosamine, serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol, serum creatinine, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides) and serum uric acid concentrations as the dependent variable. RESULTS: In the male subjects, serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol, serum creatinine and body mass index were the variables independently related to serum uric acid concentrations. In the female subjects, serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol and serum creatinine were the variables independently related to serum uric acid concentrations. CONCLUSION: Considering the glucosuria-related urinary excretion of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a close positive association between serum uric acid and 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations strongly supports the idea that the reduction in serum uric acid concentrations is mediated by urinary glucose excretion in diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[The experimental study of Radix Puerariae inhibiting glycation in rats induced by D-galactose].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Radix Puerariae on protein glycation in model rats induced by D-galactose. METHODS: The model rats of protein glycatin were induced by intraperitoneal administration of D-galactose (150 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, and all rats were treated by Radix Puerariae (High dose 300 mg/kg, Middle dose 150 mg/kg, Low dose 75 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells, the content of fructosamine in serum, the amount of glycohaemoglobin and advanced glycation end-products, the level of insulin in serum, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the amount of maleic dialdehyde were measured. RESULTS: High dose and middle dose of Radix Puerariae could decrease the level of blood glucose and the activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells, inhibit the formation of glycation products significantly in model rats induced by D-galactose (P < 0.01), increase insulin sensitivity and activity of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and decrease the amount of maleic dialdehyde (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Puerariae can significantly inhibit glycation reaction in rats induced by D-galactose.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1990

Agarose gel electrophoresis with nitroblue tetrazolium coloration for determination of glycated lipoproteins in serum from diabetics.

We describe a simple method for determining glycated lipoproteins (glc LPs) in serum by agarose gel film electrophoresis, with color development with nitroblue tetrazolium. The resulting blue bands on the film were measured densitometrically at 545 nm to quantify alpha-, pre beta-, and beta-glc LPs. Each glc LP concentration (mmol/L) was calculated from the resulting percentage multiplied by the value for serum fructosamine. Only glc beta-LP was significantly correlated with the atherogenic index: low-density LP-cholesterol/high-density LP-cholesterol (r = 0.545, P less than 0.01). The concentration of glc beta-LP in sera from diabetics was 2.2-fold higher (0.84 mmol/L) than that (0.38 mmol/L) in normal individuals. Diabetic patients with complications had higher concentrations of glc beta-LP, with large individual variations, than did patients without complications, the greatest concentration (1.02 mmol/L) being found in patients with diabetic retinopathy and (or) nephropathy. The concentration of glc beta-LP (glc LDL) in serum seems to depend on the extent and duration of hyperglycemia; it may also be a useful diagnostic indicator of diabetic atherogenesis, microangiopathy (e.g., retinopathy or nephropathy), and other complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Improvement effects of puerarin on glycated brain damages in rats induced by D-galactose].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the improvement effects of puerarin on glycated brain damages in rat model induced by D-galactose. METHOD: The model rats of protein glycation were induced by intraperitoneal administration of D-galactose (150 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 8 weeks, and all rats were treated with puerarin (high dose 300 mg x kg(-1), middle dose 150 mg x kg(-1), low dose 75 mg x kg(-1)) for 6 weeks. The activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells, the amount of glycated products (fructosamine in serum, glycohaemoglobin, advanced glycation end-products) and AGEs in brain tissue, calcium ion in brain cells were measured. Moreover, mitochondria in brain hippocampus cells were observed under electronic microscope. RESULT: High dose and middle dose of puerarin can decrease the activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells (P < 0.01), and inhibit the formation of glycation products significantly in model rats induced by D-galactose (P < 0.01). Also, puerarin can decrease the content of AGEs in brain and the level of calcium ions in brain cells (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and decrease lesions degree in mitochondria in brain hippocampus cells. CONCLUSION: Puerarin can produce the protective effects on glycated brain damages through inhibiting the glycation reaction in rats induced by D-galactose.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed2006

Investigation of long-term stress induced by several stressors by determination of the concentration of different blood plasma components in a model of Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio BLOCH, 1783) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758).

Several compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, hormones, etc.) were used in fish to quantify the level of stress. Our investigations focused on two parameters of the blood plasma: plasma glucose and serum/plasma fructosamine (SeFa) that has not been tested on fish as yet. Experiments were conducted on two fish species. The concentrations of these components were investigated on Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) and on Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio BLOCH, 1783) from the Gödöllö-Isaszeg pond system by creating conditions different from ideal. Stress effects caused a fluctuating tendency in blood plasma glucose levels each week for both Common carp and Prussian carp, thus, there was no steady growth. However, SeFa concentrations exactly followed stress effects, moreover, it tolerated short-term negative effects (handling of fish, blood sampling) and did not cause alterations at individuals blood samplings. This experimental method can offer assistance to farmers in the daily routine (e.g. in fish transport) and in the technology of propagation.

Animals↗