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PubMed1978

An analysis of alterations in ribosomal conformation using reductive methylation.

Optimal conditions for reductive alkylation of ribosomal proteins in their native and denatured states were examined. The relative accessibility of rat liver ribosomal proteins to reductive alkylation was then examined. Intact ribosomes were firs labeled with [14C]formaldehyde and NaBH4. The proteins were then separated from RNA, denatured in 6 M guanidine, and labeled again using formaldehyde and NaB3H4. The relative accessibility of individual proteins to labeling in the intact state could thus be determined from their 3H/14C ratios following separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results suggest that proteins S6, S11, S26, L3, and L35 are less accessible to labeling while proteins S1, S15, L11, L12, L16, and L24 appear relatively more accessible. The accessibility of individual proteins in ribosomes in different conformational states were then compared. The results indicated that S3, L7, and L36 are likely to be involved in a structural difference when normal polysomes and normal monomers are compared. Also, that S26 and L35, and probably S3, S20, L7, L8, L24, L27, L28 and L34 appear to be involved in a ribosomal conformation change induced by ethionine intoxication.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Nopaline Ti-plasmid, pTiT37, T-DNA insertions into a flax genome.

The FT37/1 plant tumor line induced on flax epicotyls by T37, a nopaline strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, contains multiple copies of the pTiT37, T-DNA. There are three to four distinct full-length insertions and one tandem insertion. Allowing for the different copy numbers of the inserts, this amounts to seven to eight T-DNA copies per genome unit. The genome unit in this case is the haploid DNA value (7 X 10(8) bp) which predicts a T-DNA copy number of 14-16 per diploid cell. Three novel types of abnormal insertion are also present. FIL (one copy per basic genome) comprises 3.04-4.47 kb of T-DNA derived from the left end, with a normal left border and an abnormal right border. FIR (four copies per basic genome) comprises 5.88-6.47 kb of T-DNA derived from the right end, with a normal right border and an abnormal left border. The third abnormality is represented by fragment "X," a HindIII fragment of 4.90 kb which contains homology with several noncontiguous regions of the T-DNA and which may derive from a tandem insertion. Of the two possible left-border sites (primary and secondary) in which fusion with plant DNA sequences has been observed, only the primary is used.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed1977

Oligoclonal aspect in the CSF of multiple sclerosis patients: a statistical and physiopathological study.

Oligoclonal aspect (O.A.) is observed in 51 per cent of 468 MS patients investigated. Elevation of gammaglobulins and lymphocytic pleiocytosis increase significantly its frequency. O.A. is more frequent in presence of an inflammatory transsudate. Clinical aggravation and O.A seem significantly connected. In the first years of the MS, when the course is intermittent, the frequency of O.A. is significantly influenced by the proximity of the last bout. No such differences exist in patients with continuous course. In conclusion O.A. appears as intermittent expression of a local and general immunity reaction, in connection with the progression of the disease and as a very probable manifestation of persistant virus. We proposed 3 years ago in Göteborg a physiopathological hypothesis suggesting multiple sclerosis (MS) is a two-phase disease. In this first paper, we demonstrated the existence of two successive immunological reactions: The first one is an intermittent synthesis of IgG obviously linked to a lymphocytic pleiocytosis which is also intermittent. This firs CSF pattern appears in the same time of a bout and disappears quickly like the clinical symptoms. It may represent the manifestation of a brief and only infectious aggression. After a few years (more than 5 in average) a second mechanism progress slowly: The synthesis of IgG appears continuous, in remission as in aggravation, the lymphocyte count becomes normal and the level of albumin increases progressively. This second pattern suggests, contrary to the first, a continuous auto-immune processus with the intervention of the general (systemic) immunity. The purpose of this second paper is an attempt to elucidate the signification of oligoclonal aspect in relation to this schema.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Attempt to establish the population and ecological characteristics of Ixodes persulcatus (Ixodidae) by the change in the physiological age of the ticks in the course of a season of activity].

Certain peculiarities of the senescence of Ixodes persulcatus population were established according to the changes in the age composition of hungry adult ticks belonging to different groups. It was found that the expenditure of reserve nutrients is irregular, this irregularity being greater in males than in females. Early in season younger ticks become active while in the second half of the season--older ones. Maximum life span of females in fir forests of western Sajans is 70 to 80 days, that of males--65 to 70 days. The average life span of females is greater than that of males. The conclusions are not precise enough that is mainly due to irregular character of senescence of ticks, to errors in representativeness, and subjectivism of the age evaluation in using qualitative criteria.

Aging↗

PubMed1978

[The effect of vagus and sypathetic nerves on blood flow in the swine stomach].

Porcine gastric blood flow (radioactive microspheres) was studied (aortic blood pressure controlled) under five conditions: control (n = 8), electric stimulation of the splanchnic nerves (n = 8) and the vagus nerves (n = 8), truncal vagotomy (n = 8), and gastric sympathectomy (splanchnicotomy, n = 5). Highly significant increase in corpus mucosa flow after vagal stimulation or gastric sympathectomy is antagonistic to changes after splanchnic stimulation and truncal vagotomyand is often contrary to changes of the antrum mucosa. This might be an explanation fir ischemic gastric lesions (stress ulcer) after stress-induced high sympathetic tone (1, 2) and stress ulcer prophylaxis by gastric sympathectomy (3, 4).

Animals↗

PubMed1976

[Activity of the expiratory laryngeal motor neurons].

The activity of the whole recurrent nerve branch to expiratory laryngeal muscles, along with unitary activity of fibres from this branch were studied in cats. Conduction velocities of fibres ranged between 19.5-93 m/s. We used two types of preparations: low "encephale isole " (at C7 level) cats with concomitant light Dial anesthesia or without any anesthesia, or cats deeply anesthetized with Dial or chloralose-urethane. The vagus nerves were preserved. Under normocapnic conditions, the delay of recruitment (i.e. the lag between the interruption of phrenic nerve activity and the start of unitary expiratory recurrent nerve activity) increases as the residual phrenic nerve activity increases; in fact, the delay is nearly zero with unanesthetized or lightly anesthetized preparations (small residual phrenic activity), but can extend up to 800 ms with deeply anesthetized preparations (large and long-lasting residual activity) (fig. 4). Recurrent nerve units show a maximum firing rate at the beginning of a discharge; the rate then decreases (fig. 5). The maximum frequency is strongly reduced when residual phrenic activity is present (fig. 7). The discharge duration does not reach the expiratory pause duration. Rapidly conducting fibres are the firs ones to cease activity (fig. 5)...

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1993

[Computer analysis of evoked field potentials in hippocampal slice].

A microcomputer system for the processing of evoked field potentials of brain slices was developed on the IBM PC-AT microcomputer. In the system, a 385-point finite impulse response (FIR) filter was designed and fast Fourier convolution algorithm was adopted to attain both high quality of filtering and high efficiency of calculation. Also a method for wave peak recognition by analysing waveform slope was established and an interface circuit was designed for the automatic control of the FM tape recorder by the computer. As a result, automated parameter measurement of epileptiform activity recorded from hippocampal slices was successfully realized with high accuracy.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of lithium treatment in alcoholism.

In psychiatric practice, lithium prevents manic depressives recidivism. Lithium could also be useful in non-manic-depressive conditions with a reduction of aggression and impulsivity. From the observation that alcoholics often present mood swings and impulsivity, several authors studied the effects of maintenance doses of lithium on alcohol intake and the depressive symptoms of alcoholics. This article reviews all the published controlled and uncontrolled studies on the effects of lithium in chronic alcoholics. Wren, Kline and colleagues firs demonstrated that lithium treatment could significantly decrease the number of disabling alcoholic episodes and that its effect was independent of an effect on the depressive symptoms. These initial optimistic conclusions were not confirmed by later controlled studies involving a larger number of patients. Most of the recent studies failed to demonstrate a significant effect of lithium on the depressive symptoms of alcoholics. Thus, it is now established that lithium is not an effective treatment of affective disorders in alcoholics. The latest published studies also suggest that lithium treatment does not decrease alcohol intake or craving for alcohol in either depressed or non-depressed alcoholics.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1996

Application of robust data processing methods to the analysis of eye movements.

We have developed a robust, nonlinear differentiating digital filter for the estimation of eye velocity from an eye-position signal. This filter is equally applicable to a large variety of other biomedical signals. The filter is implemented by taking an odd number of two-point differences around the point of interest and then selecting the median difference. Dividing the median difference by the time interval yields the derivative of the input signal. The Robust Differentiator (RD) is a classic order-statistic filter consisting of a bank of linear filters (the two-point differences) followed by the median operation to select one difference for the derivative calculation. The RD has no impulse response function and eliminates the "ringing" that is typical of all linear filters. The RD not only performs better than the FIR differentiating filters for impulse noise but is equally effective for both broad-band and narrow-band Gaussian noise. The RD "bandwidth" is adjustable by selecting the interval for the two-point differences.

Eye Movements↗

PubMed1995

Red oak condensate: its apparent lack of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects as compared with three other wood-drying condensates.

A major activity of the lumber industry is the kiln-drying of wood. In order to ascertain whether wood-drying condensates pose a possible environmental hazard, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these condensates in vitro, were tested using an assay validated using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and a known genotoxicant, mitomycin C. Subsequently, the assay was developed for the human peripheral blood lymphocyte (HPBL) system, as it was felt that results derived from human cells would reflect the situation more closely in vivo. Condensates from Southern yellow pine, Eastern white pine and Douglas fir trees were tested in CHO and HPBL systems and have demonstrated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro, as reported elsewhere. Red oak condensate has also been tested using the HPBL system. Thus far, results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is no difference between the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of treated cells versus controls. This finding indicates either that the condensate of red oak poses no appreciable genetic hazard as measured by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays, or that the condensate has lost its potency with time and storage; both of these possibilities have important environmental implications.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1997

[Pathology of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis].

This paper concerns the morphology of 3 types of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: saprophytic aspergillosis (SPA), invasive aspergillosis (IVA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)/allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM). To know whether Aspergillus (ASP) in SPA only colonizes in preexisting cavities or presents significant pathogenecity, we examined 38 surgical specimens of SPA and 10 post-tuberculous open cavities (PT-OC). Macroscopically, SPA cavities had macroscopic ulcers (81.6%) and bronchi originating from the cavities (68.4%), in contrary to PT-OC that had neither of them. Microscopically, SPA cavities showed shallow ulcers (100%), coagulation necrosis (42.1%) and granulomatous reaction (52.6%), although ASP invasion to the viable lung tissue couldn't be discovered. The lung tissue around the SPA cavities showed various inflammation caused by transbronchial ASP dissemination from the cavities. We concluded that (1) SPA should be considered chronic destructive infection by ASP, but not colonization, (2) SPA couldn't be differentiated in quality from semi-invasive/chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, and both should be categorized into secondary bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Respecting IVA, we investigated 10 autopsy cases. In those cases, the disease was brought about in the lungs having no preexisting lesions. Three forms were distinguished; (1) 5 cases in that coagulation necrosis was a main feature (CN-IVA). (2) 2 cases having lung balls in cavitary lesions (LB-IVA), and (3) 3 cases showing suppurative lesions (SP-IVA). In CN-IVA and LB-IVA cases, ASP invaded to the viable lung tissue. But in 2 cases of SP-IVA, fungal hyphae were identified only in necrotic lesions but not in the viable tissue. Because the "invasive" was vague in definition, we should categorized these cases into primary bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. To determine the primary lesion of ABPA/ABPM, 5 lobectomy specimen were examined. All cases had hard or firm mucous plugs in the proximal bronchi, peripheral to which we found inflammation with tissue eosinophilia (bronchocentric granulomatosis with tissue eosinophilia : 5 cases, xanthogranuloma-like lesions : 2 cases, eosinophilic pneumonia : 2 cases and organizing pneumonia : 4 cases). Conglomerates of degenerated eosinophils, sometimes showing fir-structure, and fungal hyphae were recognized in both of mucous plugs and the peripheral lesions. We concluded that the mucous plug was the primary lesion of ABPA/ABPM.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of the stage of adult respiratory distress syndrome in patients with peritonitis].

The respiratory function of the lungs was examined in 68 patients with diffuse peritonitis of different origin in the early postoperative period by laboratory, instrumental, and statistical methods and assessed by expert evaluation. The training sampling included 275 cases expertly classified as follows: health, stage I respiratory distress syndrome of adults (RDSAI), RDSAII, RDSAIII, and RDSAIV. Discriminant analysis was carried out fir the first four classes of patients. The best results were obtained when the following 6 variables were used: respiration rate, assessment of the irregularity of ventilation perfusion ratio (delta p/delta t), end-expiration maximal tension of carbon dioxide (FetCO2), resistance of the body site between the measuring electrodes in the course of tetrapolar chest rheography (Z), and arterial capillary blood pCO2 and pO2. The resultant discriminant functions permit the diagnosis of RDSA and help determine the stage of the syndrome development with a probability of at least 90%, which may be used clinically to validate the conclusion of a physician concerning correction of the treatment policy in this patient population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Effects of essential oil on lipid peroxidation and lipid metabolism in patients with chronic bronchitis].

Natural concentrations of some essential oils were examined for effects on the system lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense and lipid metabolism in 150 patients with chronic bronchitis. Lowering of plasm levels of dienic conjugates and ketons, activation of catalase in red cells characteristic of antioxidant effect were observed in exposure to essential oils of rosemary, basil, fir, eucalyptus. Lavender essential oil promotes normalization of the level of total lipids, ratio of total cholesterol to its alpha-fraction.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[The significance of converting enzyme inhibitor angiotensin I to angiotensin II in treatment of patients with coronary disease].

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are now established drugs in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is complex and acts as a circulating hormonal system, a local endogenous tissue system and neuromodular. Current experimental evidence suggests that ACE inhibitors reduce the risk associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The antiatherogenic action of ACE inhibitors is related to complex effects mediated by these agent, including an antiproliferative and antimitotic action, beneficial effects on endothelial function, plaque-stabilizing effects and the action of these agents on the sympathetic nervous system. The role of ACE inhibitors in preventing the clinical sequale of atherosclerotic cardiac disease has been evaluated in various patient populations. Several small trial assess the effects of ACE inhibitors in severity of angina pectoris have reported conflicting results, with benefit is some patients and no benefit or even exacerbation of angina in others, indicating that ACE inhibitors do not have consistent antianginal effects in short-term study. ACE inhibitors have the theoretical potential to prevent restenosis after PTCA but they do not prevent restenosis and has no effect on overall clinical outcome. New data suggest that ACE inhibitors may be effective therapy fir patients following acute myocardial infarction. The renin-angiotensin system, is activated during new myocardial infarction and has an impact on the process of remodeling of the left ventricle which causes ist dysfunction and heart failure. In most of the large mortality trials the rationale for early treatment with ACE inhibitors after myocardial infarction was stated. ACE inhibitors have a positive effect in preventing the ventricular dilatation and they reduce the rate of reinfarctions and the mortality rate.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMed1997

[The development of CTTM-1000 distant electrocardiogram central ambulatory monitoring system].

This article introduces a new electrocardiogam telephone transmitting and central ambulatory monitoring (receiving) system, and a device used for monitoring and transmitting the user's electrocardiogram. We also give some detailed discussion about the real time the flow display of ECG, and the signal preprocessing method based on the design of optimum FIR linear phase digital filter for the detection of QRS complexes.

Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗

PubMed1998

[Pathologic reconsideration on allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and mycosis].

We examined lung specimens that fulfilled the pathological criteria of Bosken and were obtained from 5, patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis (ABPA/M). A finding common to all 5 was the presence of hard mucous plugs containing numerous eosinophils and fungal hyphae in the bronchi, showing central bronchiectasis. Bronchocentric granulmatosis with tissue eosinophilia (4 cases), xanthogranulomatous lesions (3 cases), eosinohilic pneumonia (2 cases) and organizing pneumonia (3 cases) were recognized only in bronchi distal to the mucous plugs (BMP). Almost normal lung parenchyma could be seen in some areas distal to the BMP. We found clusters of degenerated eosinophils (CDE) showing a "fir-tree like structure" and fungal hyphae in both the mucous plugs and the peripheral lesions. Most CDEs were free in the exudate and were not engulfed by macrophages. The presence of fungi in the mucous plugs may have caused marked inflammation in the wall around the BMP, which may have made the walls fragile and caused central bronchiectasis. The fungi in the mucous plugs may have caused the peripheral lesions via aerogenous dissemination. For this reason, we conclude that ABPA/M is an infectious disease, and that the primary lesion in ABPA/M is the formation of mucous plugs. Therefore, the presence of mucous plugs containing fungi and many eosinophils is diagnostic of ABPA/M.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[Treatment of pituitary adenoma].

RECOMMENDED TREATMENTS: The different therapeutic strategies proposed for pituitary adenomas are relatively well-known thanks to numerous studies evaluating their effect on outcome. Unfortunately, large comparative clinical trials are difficult to construct due to the small number of cases of this rare condition. Therapeutic recommendations are thus generally based on the opinion of recognized experts. MICROADENOMA: Small (< 10 mm) prolactin-secreting adenomas should be treated surgically, generally by transsphenoidal adenomectomy, or medically by dopaminergic agonists: bromocriptin, quinagolide or cabergolin (the two latter drugs are more effective and better tolerated than their parent compound bromocriptin). MACROADENOMA: The expected success rate for surgical treatment of macroadenomas is low and dopaminergic agonists is generally recommended (including cases with visual impairment since the effect can be very rapid). Prolactin levels can be lowered and tumor volume reduced (in > 70% of cases). ACROMEGALY: Surgery is the firs intention treatment for acromegaly. In case of unsuccessful surgery (the criteria for "cure" are much more strict in 1998 than previously), somatostatin analog and/or hypothalamo-hypophyseal radiotherapy are recommended. Slow release formulations of somatostatin analogs can now be given by monthly (octreotide LP) or biweekly (lanreotide LP) injections. CUSHING'S DISEASE: Cure can be achieved in > 80% of cases with surgery, the first intention treatment of choice. If surgery is unsuccessful, radiotherapy can be proposed associated with anticortisol drugs (mitotane), if needed, while waiting for the late effect of radiotherapy. CLINICALLY SILENT ADENOMAS: Non-functional adenomas should be operated. Some propose adjuvant radiotherapy in all cases and others only if residual tissue persists post-operatively.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1976

[Rater-specific variables in judging depressive patients (author's transl)].

Four raters judged their sympathy towards 19 depressed patients and also the intensity of their disease using thermometer-scales. It was exmained whether there was a correlation between the two scores. A rater-specifuc varuabke was fiybd fir eacg if tge fiyr raters. The importance of these variables for further investigations is discussed.

Depression↗