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PubMed1992

[Experience with the surgical management of childhood fractures and epiphyseal injuries].

Authors analyse 1792 fractures in children, treated during 10 years in their Department and distributed in age groups. They take the part of conservative treatment of the majority, about two third, of fractures in childhood. They consider as operative indication certain forms of epiphyseal injuries, the dislocated intraarticular fractures, the unstable fractures, certain cases of polytrauma and the open fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epiphyseal plate fracture-separation of the olecranon: description of one case.

A rare case of traumatic olecranal epiphyseal plate fracture-separation in a patient aged 14 years is described. Non-surgical treatment was not capable of guaranteeing fracture reduction. Thus, internal fixation with tension band wire method, like in fracture of the same type in the adult, was used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of brefeldin A on the localization of chondroitin sulfate-synthesizing enzymes. Activities in subfractions of the Golgi from chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage.

Membranes from brefeldin A-treated and untreated chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage were fractionated separately by equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Fractions were assayed for Gal I transferase, Gal II transferase, Gal ovalbumin transferase, chondroitin polymerization on endogenous acceptors, GalNAc transfer to exogenous chondroitin hexasaccharide, and sulfate transfer to exogenous chondroitin. Gal I transferase and Gal II transferase activities were found in heavier cis- and medial-Golgi fractions, but with distributions different from each other. Brefeldin A had no effect on either their distribution or their total activity. Gal ovalbumin transferase activity in fractions from untreated cartilage was found as a dual peak in medial- and trans-Golgi areas. The latter peak was diminished in the fractions from the brefeldin A-treated cartilage, whereas the former peak was correspondingly increased. A similar dual medial- and trans-Golgi distribution for chondroitin polymerization on endogenous acceptors was seen with fractions from untreated cartilage. This was modified in fractions from brefeldin A-treated cartilage with a complete loss of synthesis in the trans-Golgi peak and a slight increase in synthesis in the medial-Golgi peak. However, the distribution of GalNAc transferase activity using exogenous chondroitin hexasaccharide indicated that considerable chondroitin-synthesizing activity still remained in these trans-Golgi fractions. This demonstrated that brefeldin A had caused a block in movement of endogenous proteochondroitin acceptors to the trans-Golgi site of synthesis. Sulfotransferase activity was also found in a dual distribution similar to that of the chondroitin polymerization and GalNAc transferase, with a small reduction in activity in the trans-Golgi fractions of brefeldin A-treated cartilage. Thus, treatment of cartilage with brefeldin A resulted in the loss of considerable trans-Golgi chondroitin sulfate-synthesizing enzyme activity and a block in the transport of one form of proteochondroitin precursor to the trans-Golgi membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Epiphyseal dysplasia of the femoral head in monozygotic twins].

We present monozygotic twin girls with bilateral epiphyseal dysplasia of the femoral head (DECF). DECF is a rare condition reported mainly in boys before the age of five years. It consists of a state of non-ossification characterized by flattening and fragmentation of the femoral head. It is invariably followed by 100% healing. The differential diagnosis is primarily from Legg-Calvé-Perthes' disease (LCPD), which, however, occurs mainly after the fifth year followed by aggravation of the symptoms during the following 18 months. This condition leads to secondary degenerative changes in several hips. Although DECF and LCPD may be two entities of the same disease it is necessary to distinguish clinically between them, as the prognosis and the treatment are different.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

[Poly-epiphyseal dysplasia, probably autosomal recessive. Contribution of the ultrastructural study to the discovery of this autonomous form].

An ultrastructural study of growth cartilage permitted individualization of a particular form of polyepiphyseal dysplasia which differs clinically and radiologically only slightly from the dominant form. The main difference concerns the superior femoral epiphyses which are more flattened and spread out. Inclusions, probably of lysosomial origin and containing granulous or filamentous material, were observed. This aspect is different from that observed in the dominant form and consisting of swellings of the endoplasmic reticulum with a suggestion of a periodical structure. The mode of inheritance could not be firmly demonstrated. Some degree of consanguinity of the second patient's parents favours an autosomal recessive inheritance.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1991

Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplacea tarda (a case report).

A rare case of disproportionate short stature suggestive of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda is reported and relevant literature reviewed. It is emphasized that its radiological features show a marked similarity to ochronotic spine, with which it is therefore commonly mistaken. An indeterminate pigment was observed in the liver biopsy in this case with connective tissue disorder.

Dwarfism↗
PubMed1991

Subfractionation of chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage Golgi. Localization of enzymes involved in the synthesis of the polysaccharide portion of proteochondroitin sulfate.

Membranes from chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage were fractionated by equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation and assayed for galactosyl xylose transferase, chondroitin polymerization and sulfation as well as the marker enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase, NADH cytochrome c reductase, galactosyl ovalbumin transferase, and sialyltransferase. The order of distribution of chondroitin sulfate synthesis from dense to light membranes correlated with the established sequence of events for its synthesis. The linkage region enzyme, viz. galactosyl xylose transferase, distributed with NADH cytochrome c reductase in an earlier and heavier cis compartment. Chondroitin polymerization and sulfation had a dual distribution similar to the galactosyl ovalbumin transferase and sialyltransferase in separate later and lighter medial and trans compartments, or in an extended medial or trans compartment. The galactosyl xylose transferase had a distribution distinctly different from that of the galactosyl ovalbumin transferase indicating that these distinct enzymes showed no cross-reactivity with their respective acceptor substrates. The dual distribution of chondroitin sulfate synthesis was consistent with our previous demonstration of the two nascent proteochondroitin populations produced by microsomal preparations from the same source. The results indicated separate subcellular locations for synthesis of the two forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Electron microscopic cytochemical study on lectin binding sites in the epiphyseal cartilage-plate of rabbit tibia].

Lectin is a common name given to a certain group of hemagglutinating proteins found primarily in plant seeds, which bind specifically to the branching sugar molecules of glycoproteins and glycolipids of the surface of the cells. The author selected 3 kinds of lectin among others. Those were concanavalin A (Con A) which specifically binds to the alpha-D-mannose, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) which binds to N-acetyl glucosamine, and peanut agglutinin (PNA) which binds to beta-D-galactosamine. The localization of these lectins was examined in order to obtain any information on the process of the proteoglycan synthesis during the cellular differentiation in the epiphyseal cartilage-plate of the rabbit. The binding sites of Con A were determined by conjugating horse radish peroxidase as a marker in case of optical microscopic observations. For the purpose of electron microscopic observations, lectins were marked with gold colloidal particles. Most Con A was found in the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, while a part of them was bound to the cis side of the Golgi apparatus. In the cellular column of the cartilage, Con A was increasingly abundant from the younger proliferating stage, through the maturing stage to the stage of hypertrophy, and diminished abruptly at the stage of provisional calcification. These observations were coincided with the degree of development of the endoplasmic reticulum during the maturation of cartilage cells. These findings suggest that alpha-D-mannose is indispensable to the initial stage of proteoglycan synthesis. WGA was observed from the cis side to the intermediate layer of Golgi apparatus, but not at the trans side of the Golgi apparatus, nor in the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggest that N-acetyl-glucosamine is an essential substance to the middle stage of proteoglycan synthesis. PNA was found within the nucleus and at the cis side of Golgi apparatus, but not in the endoplasmic reticulum nor in the secretion granules. This observation corroborates that beta-D-galactosamine is also essential to the middle stage of proteoglycan synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Irreducible epiphyseal plate fracture of the distal ulna due to interposition of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. A case report.

It is well known that tendon or muscle interposition can cause fractures to be irreducible by closed means. A rare tendon interposition of extensor carpi ulnaris occurred in an 11-year-old boy. The isolated displaced distal ulnar physeal injury was the result of a motor vehicle accident. Attempts to perform a closed reduction failed. At operation, an interposed extensor carpi ulnaris tendon was found. After repositioning the tendon, a near anatomic reduction was easily accomplished. Only two cases seem to have been reported in the literature on the need for open reduction of distal ulnar physeal injury, none with an interposed tendon. Interposed extensor carpi ulnaris tendon should be considered as a cause of irreducible displaced distal ulna epiphyseal fracture.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1990

[Indications for and technic in the surgical treatment of tibial shaft fractures with open epiphyseal grooves. A report of 63 cases].

The documentation relating to 63 surgically treated fractures sustained to the shaft of the tibia while epiphyseal growth plates were still in evidence (9 in isolation, 54 as fractures of the lower leg) between 1958 and 1983 was examined with respect to indications for the operation and the method selected. The average age of the patients was 12.9 years. There were 41 closed fractures and 22 open fractures varying in the degree of severity. Bending fractures predominated, with 42 cases, while the other 21 were spiral fractures. The causes were as follow: 32 traffic accidents, 28 sports accidents and 3 of other kinds. Stabilization was achieved either exclusively by wiring of the medulla or cerclage, or by a combination of both methods. Postoperative immobilization was ensured by means of a thigh cast for an average of 12 weeks. In 2 cases, intramedullary nailing was performed. The osteosynthetic material was removed early. Serious complications recorded were infection observed in 2 cases in connection with open fractures. Osseous union occurred in all fractures; no pseudarthroses developed. Absolute surgical indications, in our opinion, are third-degree open fractures, malreduction or instability of second- and first-degree open fractures, secondary dislocations after conservative initial treatment, soft-tissue damage and interposition. Relative indications are first and second-degree open fractures of the tibia and multiple trauma. Pathologic fractures were not considered in the follow up study, in which only 18 patients were examined: their average age was 13.7 (11-16) years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Analogous effects of organic calcium antagonists and magnesium on the epiphyseal growth plate.

High doses of both calcium antagonists and magnesium lead to disorders in the early phase of calcification. Analogous to known mechanisms of calcification outside the bone, the calcium overload of cellular suborganelles, which may play a role in enchondral ossification, is assumed to be prevented or delayed by calcium antagonists and magnesium. In accordance with the relevant literature, which describes analogous cytoprotective effects of calcium antagonists and magnesium in association with extraskeletal calcification and ossification, the qualitative agreement of histologic findings in the epiphyseal growth plate suggests a homologous, primarily intracellular mechanism of action of both magnesium and organic calcium antagonists. This common mechanism of action of the two substances on the molar Mg-Ca quotient, with reference to intracellular calcium phosphate mineralization, is regarded as the cause of the analogous effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of synthetic human parathyroid hormone on the levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and formation of alkaline phosphatase-rich matrix vesicles by primary cultures of chicken epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes.

The effect of synthetic human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) on the formation of matrix vesicles (MV), and on the rate of cell division, production of cellular alkaline phosphatase (AP) and protein by primary cultures of chicken epiphyseal growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes was investigated. Addition to serum-containing or serum-free media of physiological levels of hPTH, in a range from 0.1 to 10 nM, caused a progressive decrease in the formation of AP-rich MV. However, studies on incorporation of [3H]choline into MV indicate that MV formation per se was not significantly decreased. hPTH was found to markedly decrease the expression of cellular AP, accompanied by an increase in cell division [( 3H]thymidine incorporation) and protein synthesis. Since these effects of hPTH were augmented by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and mimicked by the cAMP analogue N6,O2'-dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate (DBcAMP), the findings clearly indicate that hPTH was acting through the classic cAMP-mediated mechanism. Inasmuch as elevation of AP in growth plate chondrocytes coincides with MV formation, maturation and hypertrophy of the cells, and induction of mineralization, the stimulation of cell division and suppression of cellular AP indicates that hPTH would cause the cells to revert to a less differentiated state. Thus, elevation in PTH, which results from lowered circulating levels of Ca2+, should inhibit mineral deposition in the growth plate. This may be a physiological protective mechanism to prevent a further drain on serum Ca2+.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1989

Fibrin glue osteosynthesis of epiphyseal injuries in children.

The osteosynthesis of epiphyseal injuries by a two-component fibrin glue was performed in five children. Three of them had finger fractures, two patients had slightly displaced distal tibial and fibular fractures. All children recovered without sequelae. They have been followed for three to twelve months after surgery and did not show any negative consequences. The glue osteosynthesis of physeal injuries will be appropriate only in more stable fractures where the fragments are not exposed to greater dislocating power because this type of synthesis is not very firm. In open injuries it is possible to add antibiotic to the glue, which represents a great advantage compared with the use of metal. It is essential to combine the osteosynthesis with plaster of Paris during the whole healing period.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epiphyseal plate sparing fixation for Salter-Harris IV ankle fractures.

The long-term consequences of epiphyseal plate injuries of the ankle certainly can be of high morbidity, and are well documented in the literature. This is especially true of the displaced Salter-Harris type IV fracture. The primary areas to be addressed in this injury are establishment of the proper diagnosis, open reduction with fixation not crossing the physis, and close long-term followup.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of inveterate pathologic dislocation of the hip caused by meta-epiphyseal osteomyelitis].

The authors comment on the results of treatment of 40 children with inveterate pathologic dislocation of the hip caused by meta-epiphyseal osteomyelitis. Conservative setting of the dislocation which they carried out in children aged below 3 years by the methods described in the article was positive in a little less than half of the patients with preserved or only partly destroyed head and neck of the femur. When conservative treatment is not successful, the choice of the method of surgical intervention is determined by the degree of the morphological changes in the hip joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Reactivity of normal rat epiphyseal chondrocytes with monoclonal antibodies recognizing different leucocyte markers.

The aim of the study was to test whether normal rat epiphyseal chondrocytes react with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) detecting different markers of lymphoid cells. For this purpose, isolated chondrocyte and, for comparison, splenocyte cytosmears were exposed to a battery of different MoAbs followed by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. As we were able to show, all chondrocytes reacted with OX17 MoAb detecting Class II (Ia) antigen encoded by the RT1.D subregion of rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, unlike splenocytes they did not react with OX6 MoAb detecting the RT1.B encoded Class II molecule. Moreover, all chondrocytes were stained with W3/25 MoAb specific for the rat equivalent of human CD4 (T4) antigen and with W3/13 MoAb specific for rat leucocyte sialoglycoprotein. A positive reaction was also obtained with the antibody against the S-100 protein. By contrast, chondrocytes did not react with antibodies specific for all T (OX19) or B (HIS14) cells, rat CD8 (T8) equivalent, monocytes/macrophages (ED1, ED2), factor VIII (M616), or glial fibrillary acidic protein (Z334).

Animals↗