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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Culture of anaerobic bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity test in ocular infectious diseases].

Anaerobes were isolated from 43.9% of 116 eyes with infectious diseases and 21.4% of 140 normal conjunctival sacs. The predominant anaerobes were peptococcus (28.6%) in the former and propionibacterium (53.3%) in the latter. In eyes with infection, only anaerobes were isolated from 27, and a mixture of anaerobes and aerobes in 24. The sensitivity of anaerobes (68 strains) to 10 antibiotics differed significantly from that of aerobes (102 strains). Most anaerobes are sensitive to chloramphenicol and cephaloridine, but not to aminoglycosides or polymyxin B. Therefore, when an ocular infection shows a negative aerobic culture, anaerobic infection should be suspected and chloramphenicol is indicated as first choice for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dacryocystorhinostomy in osteopetrosis.

Osteopetrosis is a rare congenital disorder of bone metabolism characterized by generalized sclerotic bone resulting from osteoclast dysfunction. There are several ocular manifestations, one of which is nasolacrimal duct obstruction from osteosclerosis of the nasolacrimal foramen. The surgeon must anticipate and prepare for the difficulties of working with marbleized, ultra-dense bone, alternating technique accordingly. In nasolacrimal duct obstruction, surgical management produces seemingly stable long-term results. However, if ossification recurs at the operative site, reoperation may become necessary for either optic nerve decompression or dacryocystorhinostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasound diagnosis of the lacrimal sack].

A- und B-scan echography is a useful method for the examination of certain parts of the lacrimal drainage system. In most cases it can substitute for dacryocystography and other expensive methods in the diagnosis of lacrimal sac diseases. Older methods of echography for examination of the lacrimal sac are direct contact, water bath, and rarely transocular contact methods. We have developed a new method, in which a rubber tube filled with fluid is placed between the transducer and the skin surface. Comparison of these methods demonstrates that this is the best method for ultrasound diagnostics of the lacrimal sac because it can be carried out as easily as the direct contact method, and the quality of the echograms is as good as in the water bath method. A special advantage is that causing an infection in the patient with the ultrasound probe can be avoided.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed1990

Silicone intubation for congenital obstruction of nasolacrimal ducts.

In children aged 3 months or older lacrimal probing was performed to cure nasolacrimal duct obstructions. In 56 cases where this procedure failed a silicone tube was inserted. The results were favourable in 47 cases. Children with facial malformations and those with a narrow nasolacrimal duct however proved to be poor candidates for silicone tube insertion.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Dacrocystitis.

In clinical photography, two views are often better than one to maximise the amount of information available to the viewer. Photographers should not endeavour to record everything in one shot.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Suppurative pseudo-lithiasic canaliculitis].

The affection is often undiagnosed at the first stage. The second stage is characterized by a chronic suppurative canaliculitis with intra-canalicular concretions involving in many cases the lower canaliculus. Our 6 cases have been treated by a posterior canaliculotomy, a microsurgical evacuation of the concretions and a lacrimal tubing. It is not a fungal infection but a bacterial disease due to Actinomyces. Surgical treatment is very effective.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

Obstruction of nasolacrimal ducts closely related to graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation.

A 2-year-old boy underwent bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. Eighteen months later he developed chronic lung disease and dryness of the eyes. Ophthalmologic examination revealed obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts and marked dilatation of the lacrimal sacs bilaterally. It seems likely that the nasolacrimal duct obstruction was a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1989

[The value of digital subtraction dacryocystography].

Dacryocystography is a standard technique for the visualization of the lacrimal pathways. In 1974, Lloyd et al. first described manual subtraction of dacryocystograms. Digital subtraction dacryocystography has definite advantages compared to the conventional dacryocystograms and manual subtraction. Besides the clearly superior topographic display, it also provides information about the functional status of the nasolacrimal pathway. Even though slightly more time consuming, this examination is well justified by the superior quality of the depiction of fine topographic details. Other advantages are the kinetic evaluation of tear flow, digital image analysis and the relatively low radiation dose.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Balloon catheter dilatation in lacrimal surgery.

We performed balloon catheter dilatation in four patients with a failed dacryocystorhinostomy. Epiphora was relieved and a patent lacrimal drainage system was achieved after the procedure in three of the four. The fourth patient had a transient partial response. Epiphora recurring in one patient 3 1/2 months after the procedure responded to a second dilatation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone tubes: evaluation of 253 cases.

Two hundred fifty-three patients with chronic epiphora underwent dacryocystorhinostomy combined with silicone intubation of the lacrimal drainage system. An overall success rate of 91.3% was achieved. Since the tubes were well-tolerated postoperatively, complications were rare and benign. Although our success rate is similar to those reported for similar cases using other techniques, we find that silicone intubation facilitates surgery in cases with excessive intraoperative bleeding or nasal mucosal tears, and simplifies postoperative follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Ophthalmic use of clindamycin-2-phosphate (author's transl)].

Bacterial and clinical experiments for ophthalmic use of clindamycin-2-phosphate (CLDM-2-P) were performed and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The distribution of sensitivity for 100 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 1975 was in the range of less than or equal to 0.19 approximately greater than or equal to 100 mug/ml, and majority of them (96.0%) were in less than or equal to 0.39 mug/ml. 2. The serum concentration by intramuscular injection of 300 mg and 600 mg CLDM-2-P in a single dose respecitvely reached the peak level after 2 hours and decreased gradually until 12 hours in both of them. 3. Ocular penetrations were examined in rabbit eyes. (1) After instillation of 1% CLDM-2-P solution, the aqueous level reached the highest after 1 hour and measurable after 6 hours. (2) After subconjunctival injection of 5 mg/0.5 ml CLDM-2-P, the aqueous level reached the highest after 2 hours and decreased until 6 hours. (3) After intramuscular injection of 100 mg/kg, the aqueous concentration was recognized from 1 to 8 hours, and peak was reached after 1 hour. 1 to 8 hours, and peak was reached after 1 hour. Aqueous-serum ratio in 1 hour was 37.13%. The ocular tissue concentrations at 2 hours showed relatively high levels in both of outer and inner parts of the eye. 4. The intramuscular injection of CLDM-2-P, 300 approximately 1800 mg daily, against suppurative ocular infections revealed excellent effects on cases of external hordeolum, acute chalazion, lid abscess, orbital phlegmone, corneal infiltration, corneal ulcer, and iridocyclitis purulenta. 5. Side effects: Two cases out of 22 cases complained of diarrhoea and bitter taste after injection, and able to be treated continuously by the drug. No abnormal findings in hepatic and renal tests were observed and no servere side effects like allergic reactions were recognized.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Exogenous mycotic infections of the eye and adnexia.

Three cases of exogenous mycotic infections of the eye are presented. The first is a case of keratitis in a patient suffering from glaucoma simplex who removed a foreign body from the cornea, caused by Fusarium solani, generally known as a saprophytic soil and plant inhabitant. As factors predisposing the patient to infection, trauma to the cornea like injury by a foreign body, as well as the preexisting disease of the eye, are discussed. The other case illustrates the change in the pathogenicity of an otherwise innocent fungus like Penicillium, which penetrated the sclera after injury of the eye by a broken airpiece of a drill and caused a severe endophathalmitis. The infection responded well to treatment with 5-fluorocytosine. The last case represents a rather mild well-known mycotic infection by Streptomyces somaliensis causing canaliculitis in a patient admitted for cataract surgery. Curettage of the infected canaliculus followed by iodine washout proved to be effective. The importance of the early clinical and laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid mistreatment with antibiotics and steroids and to ensure the right antimycotic treatment is stressed.

Actinomycetales Infections↗