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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Preventive effects of unsei-in and oren-gedoku-to, Chinese traditional medicines, against rat paw oedema and abdominal constriction in mice.

Oren-gedoku-to and Unsei-in are complex mixtures of ingredients derived from plants. These two drugs are clinically most frequently used in the treatment of Behçet's disease, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of Oren-gedoku-to and Unsei-in using a battery of tests; rat paw oedema induced by five different agents; abdominal constriction; mouse ear swelling; and dye leakage tests, designed to clarify the therapeutic potential of these medicines. The findings in this study that these medicines are able to inhibit the rat paw oedema, suppress the abdominal constriction and inhibit the increased dye permeability confirm the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds. From these results there seems a clear rationale for exploring the effectiveness of these Chinese medicines in the treatment of chronic and acute inflammatory diseases.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Effect of tachycardia and constriction of left circumflex artery on coronary flow and pressure in anaesthetized dogs.

1. The effect of graded changes in heart rate between 100 and 160 beats/min and constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery which reduced coronary blood flow was examined in seven anaesthetized and artificially ventilated dogs in the absence of significant changes in aortic blood pressure. Mean diastolic coronary blood flow, and the difference between the mean diastolic pressures in the coronary artery and the left ventricle were related to the increase in heart rate. 2. In all seven dogs diastolic coronary blood flow showed linear increases with heart rate increments with and without coronary narrowing which averaged 70 and 82% respectively. 3. A significant shift to the right in the relation between heart rate and mean diastolic coronary blood flow occurred with each grade of coronary constriction. Coronary blood flow became lower at any given heart rate. 4. The shift to the right in the relation between heart rate and coronary blood flow was associated with decreases in the difference between the mean diastolic pressures in the coronary artery and the left ventricle which accompanied the increase in heart rate. 5. The results suggest that increases in heart rate can enhance diastolic coronary blood flow despite coronary narrowing which reduced flow, possibly through dilatation in myocardial blood vessels.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1968

Dissociation of bradycardia and arterial constriction during diving in the seal Phoca vitulina.

Bradycardia associated with diving in the harbor seal has been dissociated from the arterial constrictor response by intracardiac pacing. Development of arterial constriction does not depend upon the development of bradycardia. During pacing, arterial constriction continues in the absence of bradycardia. Increases in heart rate to values greater than 120 beats per minute during a dive produce a progressive decrease in mean aortic pressure, which suggests that one major function of bradycardia is to reduce cardiac output, thus matching left ventricular output to the restricted vascular bed and decreased venous return associated with diving.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Humoral response to mycobacterial heat shock proteins in patients with constrictive pericarditis caused by tuberculosis and its implications for pathogenesis.

Tuberculous pericarditis is one of the commonest causes of cardiac failure in Transkei and the surrounding regions in southeast Africa. About 20% of patients with clinically diagnosed tuberculous pericardial effusion go on to develop pericardial fibrosis (i.e., construction), a complication which is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The pathological mechanisms underlying this aberrant inflammatory response are poorly understood, and there is a lack of reliable pointers (clinical or laboratory) in predicting the likelihood of development of constriction. We studied the humoral response to mycobacterial heat shock proteins (65 and 71 kDa) in 25 patients with culture-positive tuberculous pericardial effusion and found a significant correlation between high anti-mycobacterial hsp60 antibody titers (before treatment) and subsequent development of fibrosis (P = 0.035 by logistic regression), which is independent of the effect of the use of prednisolone as adjuvant therapy. Possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pericardial constriction in tuberculosis are postulated.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1988

Constrictive pericarditis complicating dermatomyositis.

Chronic constrictive pericarditis may complicate both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. To our knowledge, however, this is the first time it has been described in a patient with dermatomyositis. This association should be kept in mind as constrictive pericarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome in rheumatic diseases.

Dermatomyositis↗
PubMed1976

Systolic time intervals in the differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and cardiomyopathy.

Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured from simultaneously recorded phonocardiograms, carotid pulse tracings, and electrocardiograms in 11 patients with constrictive pericarditis and in 10 patients with cardiomyopathy to assess the value of STI in the differential diagnosis of the two conditions. The predicted ejection fraction was calculated from the STI. The results were compared and found significantly different in the two groups of patients. The ratio PEP/LVET and the ejection fraction were found to have greater discriminatory values and separated the two groups clearly. Measurement of STI, a simple, noninvasive bedside technique, appears to be useful in distinguishing between constrictive pericarditis and cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An echocardiographic study of the interventricular septum in constrictive pericarditis.

Ten patients with constrictive pericarditis were studied echocardiographically with specific reference to inter-ventricular septal dynamics. Abnormal movement of the interventricular septum was present in 8 patients and consisted of flattening in systole and unusual posterior motion in diastole. The aetiology of this type of movement is at present unknown but may be related to restriction of normal cardiac rotational dynamics. The interventricular septum also showed diminished degree of thickening (mean 21-2%). The amplitude of excursion was generally at the upper limit of or greater than normal. Left ventricular posterior wall amplitude of excursion was normal. Flattening of left ventricular posterior wall diastolic movement was seen in 4 patients. Right ventricular end-diastolic dimension was slightly increased (1-2 to 1-7 cm/m2) in 5 of 8 patients with abnormal septal motion, but no haemodynamic evidence of diastolic volume overload was found. Posterior pericardial thickening was noted echocardiographically when posterior calcification was present. We conclude that the most common though non-specific feature of the echocardiogram in patients with constrictive pericarditis is abnormal septal motion. Flattening of left ventricular posterior wall diastolic movement, posterior pericardial thickening, and epicardial-pericardial separation may also occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Subacute effusive constrictive epicarditis.

The coexistence of subacute pericardial effusion and epicardial constriction produces a clinical state, subacute effusive constrictive epicarditis, which resembles pericardial effusion with tamponade. However, pericardiocentesis results in only partial and temporary relief, a feature which is of importance in diagnosis. This syndrome was seen in five patients all of whom benefited from early pericardiectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Aetiology of chronic constrictive pericarditis.

In a consecutive series of 32 cases of chronic constrictive pericarditis treated by pericardiectomy during the past 25 years, four were attributable to rheumatoid disease, two to trauma, one to sarcoidosis, and four, at a maximum, to tuberculosis. In the remaining 21 cases of undetermined aetiology there was no evidence of tuberculosis. It appears, therefore, that tuberculosis was not a common cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis during the period under review, which included the 1950s and early 1960s when tuberculosis was widespread.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pulsatile hepatomegaly in constrictive pericarditis.

In a study of 30 consecutive patients with constrictive pericarditis diagnosed by clinical, radiological, and echocardiographic criteria 21 (70%) were found to have pulsatile hepatomegaly. The pulsations were felt clinically and confirmed by external hepatic recordings. These pulsations conformed almost identically to the jugular venous pulsations in the neck. The hepatic pulsations disappeared after successful pericardiectomy. Persistence of the hepatic pulsations was associated with poor postoperative relief suggesting that it is another useful sign in the assessment of the adequacy of pericardiectomy. Thus this poorly appreciated clinical finding appears to be present in a high proportion of patients with constrictive pericarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A case of subacute effusive constrictive pericarditis with a probable amoebic aetiology.

A 48 year old man with amoebic pericarditis did not improve after pericardiocentesis. Facilities for echocardiography and haemodynamic studies were not available. Cardiac compression was suspected and at emergency pericardiectomy subacute effusive constrictive amoebic pericarditis was found. The patient recovered. This is believed to be the first report of a case of subacute effusive constrictive pericarditis caused by amoebiasis.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1991

Salmonella: a rare cause of subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis.

A 36 year old woman had emergency pericardectomy because of subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis. The pericardial fluid and tissue culture showed that this was caused by infection with Salmonella enteritidis. Cardiac involvement with salmonella does not usually present in such an aggressive manner and it has not previously been reported to cause this rare type of cardiac constriction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Neuroendocrine response to standing and mild exercise in patients with untreated severe congestive heart failure and chronic constrictive pericarditis.

OBJECTIVES: Plasma hormones at rest in patients with untreated severe congestive cardiac failure are similar to those occurring during heavy exercise in healthy people. This study examines the hypothesis that the neuroendocrine effects of exercise are modified in untreated congestive cardiac failure. DESIGN: The effect of lying, standing, upright exercise, and recovery on several plasma hormones was measured in healthy controls and 2 groups of patients with severe untreated heart failure. The level of exercise was the same in all groups and low enough to be within the capacity of patients with severe failure. PATIENTS: There were 12 healthy controls, 9 patients with untreated severe congestive cardiac failure caused by myocardial disease, and 12 patients with untreated constrictive pericarditis. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre in North India. RESULTS: Heart rate, noradrenaline, renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol, growth hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were higher in the 2 groups of patients than in the healthy controls during both rest and exercise (P < 0.01 for both comparisons). In general, the effects of this mild degree of exercise were no greater than those of standing. The increase in heart rate during exercise was greater in the group with constrictive pericarditis than in the controls (P = 0.04) and (non-significantly) in congestive heart failure. Apart from these differences the pattern of responses to standing and exercise was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: While there was evidence of a broad neuroendocrine activation in patients with congestive cardiac failure, the only abnormal increase during exercise (of marginal significance) was found for renin activity in those with myocardial disease. In patients with untreated congestive failure, a substantially normal endocrine response to exercise was superimposed on abnormal resting concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Carcinoid constrictive pericarditis.

A 78 year old man presented with diarrhoea, anorexia, and progressive lower limb oedema. He was in atrial fibrillation and had a right pleural effusion and ascites. Ultrasound of the abdomen and 24 hour urinary hydroxyindoleacetic acid output indicated metastatic carcinoid syndrome. Cardiac catheterisation revealed pericardial constriction, and pericardial exploration showed a greatly thickened pericardium with no evidence of tumour invasion. The patient died within 24 hours of surgery. Necropsy findings were consistent with a diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis secondary to metastatic carcinoid syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Collagen diseases as a cause of constrictive pericarditis.

Seven patients with constrictive pericarditis associated with collagen disease underwent pericardiectomy with good results in all but one. The collagen disease was confirmed as rheumatoid arthritis in five patients, but in two its nature remained obscure. In one case the illness was marked by a persistent eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of the pericardium. The association of constrictive pericarditis with rheumatoid arthritis and other collagenoses is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Early and late results of pericardiectomy in 118 cases of constrictive pericarditis.

The medical records of 118 patients (86 male, 32 female, age 10-50 (mean 27) years) who underwent pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis at the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, from 1954 to 1985 were reviewed. All had appreciable pericardial constriction. Preoperatively 97 of the 118 were in class III or IV of the New York Heart Association classification and 100 had peripheral oedema or ascites. Tuberculosis was proved as the cause in 72 patients. Pericardiectomy was accomplished through a standard anterolateral thoracotomy (107 cases), median sternotomy (3 cases), or bilateral thoracotomy (8 cases). Postoperatively an apparent low cardiac output state was seen in 34 patients, 12 of whom died. Hospital mortality in the last 12 years was 11%. Mortality was higher in NYHA class III and IV patients. The improved surgical results recently may be related to increased use of inotropic support and prolonged ventilation. At follow up there were 72 patients in whom functional capacity could be assessed; 63 were in class I or II. The poor results of pericardiectomy in some patients are likely to be related to advanced preoperative disability and early pericardiectomy is therefore recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Asbestos induced pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis.

The number of disorders attributable to asbestos exposure has increased gradually over the years. The latest to be recorded is pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis, and three cases are reported here. A man with bilateral pleural thickening and plaques developed acute pericarditis and an effusion and was treated by pericardiectomy. Two men died from constrictive pericarditis associated with bilateral pleural effusions and diffusion pleural thickening. The pericardium showed nonspecific fibrous thickening. All had been occupationally exposed to asbestos. In the fatal cases the lungs contained amphibole fibres, in keeping with a modest degree of occupational exposure. Asbestos produces progressive fibrosis of the pericardium that is similar to diffuse pleural thickening and may be fatal. Both conditions may develop after relatively short or light exposure.

Adult↗