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PubMed2001

Recommendations of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia--dissemination, implementation, and evaluation of impact.

BACKGROUND: Subsequent to the development of consensus statements on a clinical topic, it is vital to establish a plan for dissemination, implementation and evaluation of impact. Consensus statements can be used for both guiding continuing medical education (CME) and producing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Insufficient attention to dissemination can lead to a failure to change physician behaviour and improve patient outcomes. METHODS: A plan to disseminate the conclusions of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia (CCCD) was developed. This plan was based on a literature review of CME and CPGs. A Medline search was performed on the dissemination and evaluation of the 1989 Canadian Consensus Conference on the Assessment of Dementia (CCCAD) and other published guides for physicians on dementia care. CCCD dissemination that has occurred to date (June, 2000) was reviewed in this paper. RESULTS: Lectures and unsolicited printed material are weak forms of CME. Small-group interactive CME that provides practice opportunities appears to be the most effective way to change physician behaviour. The ability of CPGs to change physician behaviour is uncertain. It appears that inadequate attention has been placed on CPG dissemination and implementation. The CCCAD had a modest impact on clinical practice in Canada. While dissemination of the conclusions of the CCCD has taken place, evaluation of the impact of the CCCD has yet to be done. Local initiatives utilizing the conclusions of the CCCD are on-going. CONCLUSIONS: Further work is needed on how to optimize the impact of consensus statements and CPGs. While dissemination of the CCCD has occurred, it is currently unknown whether it has led to any change in physician practices.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morbidity and mortality of dialysis.

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Morbidity and Mortality of Dialysis brought together experts in general medicine, nephrology, pediatrics, biostatistics, and nutrition as well as the public to address the following questions: (1) How does early medical intervention in predialysis patients influence morbidity and mortality? (2) What is the relationship between delivered dialysis dose and morbidity/mortality? (3) Can co-morbid conditions be altered by non-dialytic interventions to improve morbidity/mortality in dialysis patients? (4) How can dialysis-related complications be reduced? and (5) What are the future directions for research in dialysis? Following 1 1/2 days of presentations by experts and discussion by the audience, a consensus panel weighted the evidence and prepared their consensus statement. Among their findings, the consensus panel concluded that (1) patients in the predialysis phase, including children, should be referred to a renal team in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality incurred both during the predialysis period and when receiving subsequent dialysis therapy; (2) the social and psychological welfare and the quality of life of the dialysis patient are favorably influenced by the early predialytic and continued involvement of a multidisciplinary renal team; (3) attempts should be made to avoid a catastrophic onset of dialysis by instituting predialytic intervention and the appropriate initiation of dialysis access; (4) quantitative methods now available to objectively evaluate the relationship between delivered dose of dialysis and patient morbidity and mortality suggest that the dose of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis has been suboptimal for many patients in the United States; (5) factors contributing to underdialysis of some patients include problems with vascular and peritoneal access, nonadherence to dialysis prescription, and underprescription of the dialysis dose; (6) cardiovascular mortality accounts for approximately 50 percent of deaths in dialysis patients, and relative risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and chronic anemia should be treated as soon as possible after diagnosis of chronic renal failure; (7) early detection and treatment of malnutrition contribute to improved survival of patients on dialysis; and (8) until prospective, randomized, controlled trials have been completed, a delivered hemodialysis dose at least equal to a measured fractional urea clearance of Kdrt/V of 1.2 (single pool) and a delivered peritoneal dialysis dose at least equal to a measured Kprt/V of 1.7 (weekly) are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Consensus on current clinical practice of virtual colonoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the current opinions regarding the performance, interpretation, reporting, and clinical role of virtual colonoscopy among a group of selected experts to develop a consensus statement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 33 selected experts in virtual colonoscopy. Responses were tabulated and results were used to develop a consensus statement. The results of the questionnaire and consensus statement were sent to respondents for comment and approval. RESULTS: Thirty-one (93.9%) of 33 surveys were returned. Eighty-seven percent (27/31) of respondents believe virtual colonoscopy is a credible screening method. Oral sodium phosphate solution is the laxative preferred by more than 66% (18/27), whereas 62% (13/21) do not believe fecal tagging is necessary. All respondents (25/25) think that both prone and supine imaging is required, with most (81%, 21/26) believing IV contrast material is not necessary. The routine use of spasmolytics is suggested by only 15% (4/26). The largest acceptable slice thickness of 3 mm is agreed on by 88% (22/25). All respondents believe screening virtual colonoscopy should be performed at a lower dose per slice than conventional CT. Most (80%, 20/25) believe the optimum method of interpreting virtual colonoscopy should be primary axial review, with 3D used for problem solving. All but one respondent (96%, 26/27) agree there is a threshold size below which polyps are not clinically important. When reporting virtual colonoscopy results, 59% (16/27) believe polyps less than 4 mm need not be reported. CONCLUSION: A consensus is developing among experts as to the appropriate manner in which virtual colonoscopy should be performed, interpreted, and reported.

Colonography, Computed Tomographic↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life: the NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement.

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life brought together biomedical and behavioral scientists, surgeons, and other health care professionals as well as the public to address the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of depression in the elderly and to alert both the professional and lay public to the seriousness of depression in late life, to its manifestations and useful treatments, and to areas needing further study. Following 1 1/2 days of scientific presentations by experts and discussion by the audience, a consensus panel weighed the evidence and prepared their consensus statement. Among their findings, the panel concluded that (1) depression in late life occurs in the context of numerous social and physical problems that often obscure or complicate diagnosis and impede management of the illness; (2) because there is no specific diagnostic test for depression, an attentive and focused clinical assessment is essential for diagnosis; (3) depressed elderly people should be treated vigorously with sufficient doses of antidepressants and for a sufficient length of time to maximize the likelihood of recovery; (4) electroconvulsive therapy and psychosocial treatments also can be effective in the treatment of elderly depressed patients; and (5) estimates of the prevalence of depression vary widely, but the highest rates are in nursing homes and other residential settings, and staff in many of these facilities are not equipped to recognize or treat depressed patients. The full text of the consensus panel's statement follows.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of guidelines for antihypertensive treatment on clinical practice.

Many Guidelines and Consensus Statements were published in 1993 and 1994. The pressure to produce these guidelines comes from clinicians faced with rapid change, from a wish to provide an independent authoritative view rather than rely on commercial promotion of particular treatments, and from governments seeking assistance with the allocation of scarce resources. Evaluation of the impact that guidelines exert on clinical practice is notoriously difficult, but has been attempted using the self-report questionnaire, or the more reliable but expensive analysis of actual practice data, before and after publication of the guidelines. Rigorous evaluation has been attempted and reported in North America and in Europe, in relation to surgical and obstetrical procedures and psychiatric disorders as well as medical treatments. Specific evaluation of the impact of recommendations from the Joint National Committee in the USA, for the treatment of hypertension, has also been attempted, as well as surveys of doctors' perceptions of Consensus Statements. The evidence available suggests that the main value obtained from Guidelines and Consensus Statements lies in their capacity to codify good or "best practice", at times of rapid change in a particular field. They also serve as a source of support for local opinion leaders, and as they are usually produced by respected authors they have substantial influence with Government. Guidelines are not effective in producing rapid change in clinical practice. If a change in practice is sought a more comprehensive program of action is necessary, with guidelines as one useful element.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1998

Report of the Sinus Consensus Conference of 1996.

Retrospective data from sinus floor augmentation bone grafts were collected from 38 surgeons for 1007 sinus grafts that involved the placement of 2997 implants over a 10-year period, with the majority of the implants followed for 3 years or more postrestoration. There were 229 implant failures reported. Various root-form implants and grafting modalities were used. A consensus conference was organized to evaluate the data and reach a consensus on optimal treatment protocols. The complete database demonstrated a 90.0% success rate for implants placed in sinus grafts with at least 3 years of function. Differences in grafting materials, implant surfaces, and timing protocols were statistically analyzed. However, the database was so multivariate and multifactorial that it was difficult to draw definitive conclusions; these must await controlled prospective studies. The consensus conference therefore developed and voted on multiple consensus statements derived by committee review for bone graft materials, type of implants, timing for implant placement, failure analysis, radiographic analysis, indications/contraindications, prosthetics, and nomenclature. Several consensus statements were obtained, the most significant being that the sinus graft should now be considered a highly predictable and effective therapeutic modality.

Bone Substitutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease.

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Disease brought together specialists in gastroenterology, surgery, infectious diseases, epidemiology, and pathology, as well as the public, to address the following questions: (1) What is the causal relationship of H. pylori to upper gastrointestinal disease? (2) How does one diagnose and eradicate H. pylori infection? (3) Does eradication of H. pylori infection benefit the patient with peptic ulcer disease? (4) What is the relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric malignancy? (5) Which H. pylori-infected patients should be treated? (6) What are the most important questions that must be addressed by future research in H. pylori infections? Following 1 1/2 days of presentations by experts and discussion by the audience, a consensus panel weighed the evidence and prepared their consensus statement. Among their findings, the consensus panel concluded that: (1) ulcer patients with H. pylori infection require treatment with antimicrobial agents in addition to antisecretory drugs whether on first presentation with the illness or on recurrence; (2) the value of treating non-ulcer dyspepsia patients with H. pylori infection remains to be determined; and (3) the interesting relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancers requires further exploration. The full text of the consensus panel's statement follows.

Antacids↗
PubMed1998

Lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis: consensus conference statement.

The first successful heart-lung and lung transplant operations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were performed in 1983 and 1987, respectively. Lung transplantation is now available at dozens of centers in North America, Europe, and Australia. Recent technical developments and the major limitations of donor organ availability prompted the CF Foundation to sponsor a meeting of 37 experts to evaluate the state of the art in lung transplantation for CF, highlighting areas of consensus, practice variations, and controversy. This document summarizes the work of that group.

Cystic Fibrosis↗