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PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of stable chromosomal aberrations determined by FISH in 49 Chernobyl nuclear accident liquidators exposed to various doses of radiation].

FISH technique was tested on the 49 liquidators of the Chernobyl Accident. Groups were formed according to average group exposure doses and/or individual ones determined by the method of EPR. The essential variability of spontaneous and irradiation-induced frequencies of reciprocal translocations was observed. In groups with the lowest EPR-doses (below 25 cGy) the average cytogenetic dose was considerably higher then doses determined by EPR-method. The best coincidences between average in-group EPR- and FISH-doses were in the group with 25-50 cGy doses for "acute irradiation" model and in the group with 50-100 cGy and higher for "chronic irradiation" model.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Radiophobia: long-term psychological consequences of Chernobyl.

The primary health effect of Chernobyl has been widespread psychological distress in liquidators (workers brought in for cleanup), evacuees, residents of contaminated areas, and residents of adjacent noncontaminated areas. Several psychoneurological syndromes characterized by multiple unexplained physical symptoms including fatigue, sleep and mood disturbances, impaired memory and concentration, and muscle and/or joint pain have been reported in the Russian literature. These syndromes, which resemble chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, are probably not due to direct effects of radiation because they do not appear to be dose related to radiation exposure and because they occur in areas of both high and low contamination.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hyperinsulinemia as a factor preceding body mass increase in liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear accident].

Basal hyperinsulinemia has been recordable over several years in liquidators of the effects of Chernobyl Accident (ChAEL). There was no dependence of hyperinsulinemia on age, body mass or lenght of service of those persons having worked within the 30-km zone. The findings secured suggest to us that increase in the body mass index (BMI) in ChAEL is preceded by a rise in the blood level of insulin; there is no relatedness of the basal level of insulin in the blood to BMI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of countermeasures in rural settlements in the long-term period after the accident at the Chernobyl AES].

A comparative analysis of the strategy of countermeasures aimed at reducing exposure doses to the rural population is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed system of countermeasures assessed by criteria such as reduction factor of exposure doses and cost of averted doses. Costs of countermeasures in the rural settlements located in the affected zone are calculated for a long term after the Chernobyl NPP accident.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

[Immunomodulating effect of berlithione in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident].

Effects of the antioxidant berlithione (alpha-lipoic acid) on indices for the immune system, such as complement titer, C3-component of the complement, reaction of the autorosette formation were studied together with those on parameters characterizing cell-bound and humoral immunity. 11-12 years following the Chernobyl accident, nine liquidators of its aftermaths were examined, aged 51.8 +/- 7.2 years, body mass (BM) 27.3 +/- 4.2 kg/m2, radiation dose 73.2 +/- 35.3 rem, who took part in the elimination of the effects of the accident for no more than 3 months in 1986--at the beginning of 1987. All examinees were prescribed the drug berlithione (alpha-lipoic acid), 600 mg per day over two months. A two-month treatment with berlithione, 600 mg/day, resulted in normal levels of indices for unspecific defence; among these were phagocytic activity of neutrophiles, content of the complement, its C3-component, and reaction of autorosette formation in the accident effects liquidators, but no impact was found on cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

[N-Acetylcysteine: low and high doses in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung diseases in Chernobyl accident liquidators].

AIM: To study clinical effectiveness and antioxidant activity of N-acetylcisteine (NAC) in daily doses 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg in Chernobyl wreckers suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cough intensity and expectoration, malonic dialdehyde (MD), plasma calcium ions concentrations were studied in patients taking NAC. RESULTS: Cough intensity diminished insignificantly. Expectoration improved significantly only after intake of 1200 mg/day NAC. In higher doses expectoration difficulties appeared again. Five patients received a maintenance dose 200 mg/day as a result of which their expectoration improved. MDA in the above patients was 3.3 times higher than normal level, free calcium ion concentration was 1.7 times higher. Only 1200 mg/day dose of NAC brought MDA level to normal, higher doses made it subnormal. Calcium ions concentration decreased but insignificantly. Maintenance dose 200 mg/day returned MDA and calcium to initial level. CONCLUSION: For patients with radiation-induced affection of the respiratory tracts NAC dose 1200 mg/day is optimal both clinically and in terms of antioxidant activity.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[15 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant].

Health effects as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant occurred in 1986 are considered in the paper. Wrong prognosis of the health effects with respect to mortality and morbidity among the population exposed to low radiation doses is shown. Proven increase in thyroid cancer cases among people who were children aged from 0 to 18 at the time of the accident is shown. Linear relationship between thyroid cancer cases and dose to thyroid ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 Gy is considered. An additional absolute risk of thyroid cancer in children varies in the range 1.9-2.6 cases per 10(4) person-year Gy. During the fifteen years following the accident no cases of acute and chronic radiation sickness have been revealed because the population living in contaminated areas received low radiation doses. Also, exposures to low radiation doses did not result in excess of malignant tumors among population. In some cases the outcomes of acute radiation sickness were as follows: radiation damages to the skin, cancer cataracts, development of oncopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Radiation effects of the Chernobyl accident on the Hungarian population].

Due to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl in April 1986, the atmospheric transport spread the released radioactivity throughout the whole Europe. The initial plume moved into the north-western direction and a portion of this plum turned to west and later on to south-west. The central European countries including Hungary became affected in 29-30 April. The release during the last period (5-7 May) was directed to Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. In addition to the main trajectories of the atmospheric transport, the local meteorological conditions with winds of different directions at various altitudes, rainfalls etc. produced a very complex deposition pattern in Central Europe. The contamination of the soil surface and vegetation were strongly influenced by the wash-out of the radioactive materials from the local air. Due to the high geographical variation of the rains the surface contamination provided a similar heterogeneity among the territories of the country. The northern-west part and the region of the capital Budapest became nearly 5 times higher contaminated than the middle part of the country. Radiation doses of the population have been provided by activity concentrations in air, soil, vegetation, foods etc. and the external dose rates, mainly due to the surface contamination by the isotopes of 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. The average effective dose contribution received by the individuals (adults) in Hungary during the 15 years following the accident has been assessed to be 0.30 mSv while the annual dose from the natural background is 2.5-3 mSv. Contribution to total dose from the internal pathway (committed effective dose) resulted about 0.10 mSv and the external radiation provided 0.19 mSv. The contributions of the external exposure from the contaminated air and inhalation are less than 5% of the total one.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2002

[Fatty acid lipid spectrum in the expired air condensate of persons exposed to moderate-dosage ionizing radiation at the Chernobyl atomic power station].

The fatty acid spectrum of lipids was examined in the expired air condensate (EAC) in health persons and in Chernobyl accident liquidators. Exposure to radiation even to small dosage may cause changes in the fatty acid composition of lipids in the surfactant of the lung and promote to the occurrence of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The changes found in the EAC fatty acid lipid spectrum, which may reflect the status of a pulmonary surfactant, may be used to identify patients with respiratory diseases and be borne in mind in treating these patients.

Air↗
PubMed2002

[Bacterial infections complicating gastrointestinal diseases in victims of the Chernobyl catastrophe].

Overall 303 patients with digestive diseases who had been exposed to adverse factors because of the Chernobyl accident were examined. Of these 124 subjects (40.9%) had degree II-III dysbacteriosis of the large intestine that is believed to develop in the wake of disordered immunity, cholesecretion, and bilification as well as of decline in the enzyme-excretory function of the pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Morphofunctional state of neutrophil granulocytes in Chernobyl nuclear plant accident clean-up workers with persistent leukopenia].

The obtained results of the analysis of the peripherical blood granulocytes morphofunctional condition in those persons who took part in the elimination of aftermaths of the Chernobyl accident, presenting with persistent leucopenia, suggest to us the presence of significant changes in morphological, cytochemical, and functional indices in the remote period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental and clinical rationale for complex treatment of mental disorders in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident].

Piracetam is an effective drug for the treatment of asthenic and intellectual-mnestic disorders. However, this drug induces superfluous stimulation which reduces the therapeutic effect in rescuers after Chernobyl nuclear power disaster. The results of experimental and clinical investigations show that the administration of gidazepam--an atypical benzodiazepine tranquilizer--in combination with piracetam produces correction of the undesired stimulant action of the latter drug, while potentiating the nootropic (antiamnesic) and anxiolytic effects. This drug interaction led to an improvement in the therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy many years after Chernobyl accident among those taking place in the liquidation of the results of the disaster].

Gastroduodenal disorders were studied endoscopically for 5 years in 159 Chernobyl wreckers and were compared to subjects unexposed to ionising radiation. Upper gastroduodenal tract was examined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy to avoid additional radiation load. It was found that 8-12 years after irradiation, many examinees had gastroduodenal mucosa erosions the rate of which was persistently high. Incidences of malignant and benign tumors in the study and control groups did not differ significantly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in hemograms as a predictor for developing hematologic diseases in liquidators of the accident at Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station, also having hemocirculatory disorders].

A comparative analysis was performed of hemogrammes in 134 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident with hemocirculatory disorders, in 69 non-irradiated patients presenting with like processes, in 18 patients with chronic lymphoid leukosis, and in 32 healthy subjects to determine the degree of risk for development of hematologic diseases. The risk was at its highest for thrombocytopenia and neutropenia which are laboratory signs of chronic lymphoid leukosis. The incidence of thrombocytopenia in the irradiated subjects is 4.48 times as much as in the non-irradiated individuals with the same diagnosis and 8.33 times as much as in normal subjects. The frequency of neutropenia in the irradiated persons is 3 to 7 times as much as in the non-irradiated presenting with like pathology, which fact suggests to us a pathogenetic role that the radiation factor plays role in the development of the above disorders.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age dynamics of cerebral blood flow in liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station].

An analysis was done of the state of bloodflow in arteries of the carotid and vertebral-and-basilar (VB) trees (as evaluated by USDG) in 104 liquidators of aftermaths of the Chernobyl accident (ChAALs) and in 73 controls intact to the radiation factor. ChAALs demonstrated a higher tempo of an age-associated decrease in linear systolic velocity of the bloodflow (LBFSV) and significantly lower (compared to controls) LBFSV levels in the studied arteries in different age periods, which fact suggests to us a quickened and heterochronous aging of cerebral vessels in ChAALs. In ChAALs, signs of stenoses in the carotid tree have been found to be present two decades earlier than in controls, with associated affections of arteries of both trees detectable at ages 40 to 69 years, which fact suggests apparent diffuse changes in the cerebral vascular bed and narrowing of the cerebral bloodflow safety range in ChAALs. The identified structural changes in the great arteries of the brain should be regarded as a risk factor for formation of cerebrovascular pathology in ChAALs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of immune disorders in miners who took part in cleaning up after the accident at Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station].

The condition was studied of the immune and nervous system in 72 miners who took part in the elimination of the aftermaths of the Chernobyl accident and in 30 miners of the control group. Ascertained in the miners-liquidators was the presence of imbalance of T-cells of the immune system and disorder of the humoral immunity. The patients displayed changes in the blood content of sodium, increased concentrations of iron, zink, and lead, and diminished amounts of cuprum. In this group pathology of the vegetative nervous system, vascular and vestibular abnormalities were found with high frequency. The findings secured attest to the need for taking account of particular features of disordered immunity, abnormalities of metabolism and nervous regulation in instituting a complex therapy in miners-liquidators.

Antibody Formation↗